Division of Household and Paid Labour between Partners: Effects of Relative Wage Rates and Social Norms

Kyklos ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
TANJA LIPPE ◽  
JACQUES J. SIEGERS
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
Wage Rates

scholarly journals Graham’s Theory of International Values Revisited: A Ricardian Trade Model with Link Commodities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Sato
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
National Level ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Price Adjustments ◽  
Sectoral Productivity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Demand Shifts

F. D. Graham (1890–1949) presented an innovative multi-country, multi-commodity trade model that attached great importance to link commodities and quantity adjustments, not perfect specializations and price adjustments as emphasized by J. S. Mill and A. Marshall. However, due of some shortcomings, this model was not sufficiently understood and has been forgotten. This study reconstructs Graham’s theory of international values by rectifying the shortcomings. Through this reconstruction, the following is clarified. First, in multi-country, multi-commodity trade models, the existence of link commodities is general and perfect specializations seldom appear; therefore, quantity adjustments are normally performed in the face of demand shifts. Second, notwithstanding unchanging sectoral productivity at a national level, national wage rates can vary greatly according to the patterns of the international division of labor. Third, while the domestic relative wage rate increases with an increase in a home country’s productivity of link commodities, it does not increase with an increase in the productivity of commodities produced only in the home country.

scholarly journals GRAHAM’S THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL VALUES REVISITED: A RICARDIAN TRADE MODEL WITH LINK COMMODITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-218
Author(s):  
Hideo Sato
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
National Level ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Price Adjustments ◽  
Sectoral Productivity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Demand Shifts

Frank D. Graham (1890–1949) presented an innovative multi-country, multi-commodity trade model that attached great importance to link commodities and quantity adjustments, not perfect specializations and price adjustments as emphasized by John Stuart Mill and Alfred Marshall. However, due to some shortcomings, this model was not sufficiently understood and has been forgotten. This study reconstructs Graham’s theory of international values by rectifying the shortcomings. Through this reconstruction, the following is clarified. First, in multi-country, multi-commodity trade models, the existence of link commodities is general and perfect specializations seldom appear; therefore, quantity adjustments are normally performed in the face of demand shifts. Second, notwithstanding unchanging sectoral productivity at a national level, national wage rates can vary greatly according to the patterns of the international division of labor. Third, while the domestic relative wage rate increases with an increase in a home country’s productivity of link commodities, it does not increase with an increase in the productivity of commodities produced only in the home country.

Response to Kutscher’s Comment

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Bishop ◽  
Shani Carter
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Teachers ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Nontraditional Occupations ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Labor Statistics ◽  
Bureau Of Labor Statistics

Recent studies of trends in relative wage rates and unemployment rates are reviewed. These studies conclude that real wages of recent college graduates rose substantially during the 1980s while the wages of recent high school graduates fell, contradicting the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) claim that college graduates were oversupplied during the 1980s. The BLS approach to measuring the supply–demand balance for college graduates by counting the number of college graduates who say they are working in “nontraditional” occupations is dismissed as invalid because of the unreliability of Current Population Survey coding of occupation and education and the lack of attention to mismatches of the opposite kind such as the more than 5% of physicians, lawyers, and high school teachers who report having fewer than 16 years of schooling.

scholarly journals The TLCC - CCL Merger and Union Policy and Impact on Wages

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
Roger Chartier
Keyword(s):  
Wage Structure ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
General Level ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Government Action ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Union Policy

Summary In this article, the Author addresses himself to answering tentatively the following questions. What is the situation regarding the evolution of the wage structure, or relative wage rates, and the general level of money or real wages? To what extent can unionism be insolated as a causal factor in such movements, apart from traditional "market forces" or government action? In what ways, if at all, is the TLCC-CCL merger likely to bring about changes in the present wage situation?

scholarly journals Public opinion on Reasons for Emigration

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7786-7790
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Capital Development

This paper centers around a conceivable impact of displacement on human capital development. Emigration on a higher comes back to expertise nation gives an impetus to put resources into human capital. The level of human capital arrangement in the source nation can accordingly be emphatically corresponded with the likelihood of displacement. Unexpectedly a flood in emigration can lead the source nation out of being worked on snare. The ramifications of the model for the combination debate are likewise discussed.Preferred resettlement goals among young people reflect pictures and generalizations of different nations that persistently develop in a huge number of neighborhood and worldwide talks and from solid encounters with other countries.The results bolster the model firmly in many regards. Both wage rates and business rates in the sending and in the accepting nations affected vacillations in migration. The short-run changes were driven to a great extent by varieties in work rates while the long-run level of migration was resolved generally by the relative wage. Convenient sampling method is used in this study to collect the sample.1860 samples are recorded .The independent variables used are gender,educational qualifications,monthly income. The dependent variables prefer setting in abroad ,preference of aboard, reason for emigration.The statistics used are independent sample t,chi-square,Anova.The objective is to understand the reasons for emigration It is concluded that emigration is most major things in the world.The emigration is mainly due to higher income and good governance country

Cooperation and obligation in early parent-child relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Social Agency ◽  
Infant Survival ◽  
Peer Experiences ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Early Parent ◽  
Collaborative Skills ◽  
Parent Child Relationships

Abstract Tomasello's moral psychology of obligation would be developmentally deepened by greater attention to early experiences of cooperation and shared social agency between parents and infants, evolved to promote infant survival. They provide a foundation for developing understanding of the mutual obligations of close relationships that contribute (alongside peer experiences) to growing collaborative skills, fairness expectations, and fidelity to social norms.

The Structure Among Measures of Personality, Social Attitudes, Values, and Social Norms

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazar Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
Inside Out

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a study that employed measures of personality, social attitudes, values, and social norms that have been the focus of recent research in individual differences. These measures were given to a sample of participants (N = 1,255) who were enrolled at 25 US colleges and universities. Factor analysis of the correlation matrix produced four factors. Three of these factors corresponded to the domains of Personality/Amoral Social Attitudes, Values, and Social Norms; one factor, Conservatism, cut across the domains. Cognitive ability showed negative correlation with conservatism and amoral social attitudes. The study also examined gender and ethnic group differences on factor scores. The overall interpretation of the findings is consistent with the inside-out view of human social interactions.

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