PRIVATE PRODUCTION, COLLECTIVE CONSUMPTION, AND REGIONAL POPULATION STRUCTURE: THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE GOOD PROVISION AS DETERMINANTS OF COMMUNITY COMPOSITION*

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Private Good ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Good Provision

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE GOOD MARKETS

1973 ◽  
Vol 219 (1 Democratic Re) ◽  
pp. 137-173
Author(s):  
T. Robert Harris
Keyword(s):  
Private Good ◽  
Public And Private

A Pareto Approach to Aligning Public and Private Objectives in Vehicle Design

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Frischknecht ◽  
Panos Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Pareto Frontier ◽  
Private Good ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Vehicle Production ◽  
The Government

The quest for producing vehicles friendlier to the environment is often impeded by the fact that a producer private good objective, such as maximum profit, competes with the public good objective of minimizing impact on the environment. Contrary to commercial claims, there may be no defined decision maker in the vehicle production and consumption process who takes ownership of the public good objective, except perhaps the government. One way ecofriendly products could become more successful in the marketplace is if public and private good objectives become more aligned to each other. This paper introduces three metrics for comparing Pareto curves in bi-objective problems in terms of relative level of objective competition. The paper also presents a quantitative way of studying an individual firm’s trade-off between profit and fuel consumption for automotive products, currently undergoing an historic evolution in their design. We show how changes in technology, preferences, competition, and regulatory scenarios lead to Pareto frontier changes, possibly eliminating it altogether.

Population Structure and Identification of North Pacific Ocean Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Revealed by an Analysis of Minisateliite DNA Variation

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1430-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Taylor ◽  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Masahide Kaeriyama
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
The North ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
The North Pacific

We examined geographic variability in minisatellite DNA in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from 42 populations from the North Pacific Ocean to (1) determine the extent of regional population structure at minisatellite loci and (2) assess the ability of minisatellite variability to determine the geographic origin in individual chum salmon. Restriction fragments from 1.6 to 13.6 kilobase pairs in molecular weight were resolved with a minisatellite probe. The fragments were inherited from parent to offspring and appeared to represent segregation at two linked loci. Minisateliite DNA variability was negligible between annual samples from the same rivers, and chum salmon fell into three regional population groupings: (i) Japanese, (ii) Russian/Yukon River, and (iii) southeastern Alaska/British Columbia salmon. These regional groupings probably reflect historical patterns of postglacial dispersal of chum salmon from three distinct refugia in the North Pacific. We used restriction fragment counts as input to linear discriminant and neural network classification of independent test samples of salmon. Accuracies of 90–95, 81–86, and 72–80% were achieved when classifying fish as of either Japan/Russia/Yukon River versus southeastern Alaska/British Columbia origin, Japan versus Russia/Yukon River origin, or Russia versus Yukon River origin, respectively.

scholarly journals Modelling harvest of Asian elephants Elephas maximus on the basis of faulty assumptions promotes inappropriate management solutions

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Philippe Puyravaud ◽  
Priya Davidar ◽  
Rajeev K. Srivastava ◽  
Belinda Wright
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Deterministic Modelling ◽  
Elephant Population ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Harvest Regimes

AbstractA ratio-based logistic model developed to assess elephant harvest rates, based on a study at Nagarhole Tiger Reserve in India, was recommended as a management tool to control human–elephant conflict through culling. Considering this reserve among others violates an assumption of the logistic model: isolation. Nevertheless, assuming this violation was irrelevant, we re-evaluated the model, with minor modifications, for the neighbouring Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, where we used data from 13 elephant Elephas maximus population surveys to derive bootstrapped sets of population ratios, and mortality records. We generated arrays of harvest regimes and examined which ratio outputs were closest to the bootstrapped ratios. Our results indicated that (1) model outputs corresponded best with the Mudumalai population structure when harvest regimes were extreme and unlikely, (2) there were significant differences in population structure and harvest regimes between Nagarhole and Mudumalai, and (3) only 49% of adult male deaths predicted by model outputs were recorded in official governmental records. The model provides significantly different results among reserves, which invalidates it as a tool to predict change across the entire elephant population. Variability in survey data and inaccuracies in transition probabilities are sufficiently large to warrant caution when using them as a basis for deterministic modelling. Official mortality databases provide a weak means of validation because poaching incidents are poorly recorded. We conclude that the model should be based on validated transition probabilities and encompass the entire regional population.

scholarly journals Genetic isolation of a now extinct population of bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus )

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1618) ◽  
pp. 1611-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Nichols ◽  
Jerry Herman ◽  
Oscar E Gaggiotti ◽  
Keith M Dobney ◽  
Kim Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Historical Range ◽  
Local Habitat

A number of dolphin species, though highly mobile, show genetic structure among parapatric and sometimes sympatric populations. However, little is known about the temporal patterns of population structure for these species. Here, we apply Bayesian inference and data from ancient DNA to assess the structure and dynamics of bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) populations in the coastal waters of the UK. We show that regional population structure in UK waters is consistent with earlier studies suggesting local habitat dependence for this species in the Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic. One genetically differentiated UK population went extinct at least 100 years ago and has not been replaced. The data indicate that this was a local extinction, and not a case of historical range shift or contraction. One possible interpretation is a declining metapopulation and conservation need for this species in the UK.

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