Institutions and Ideology: Sources of Opposition to Federal Regulation of Child Care Services in Canada and the United States

Governance ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE TEGHTSOONIAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Child Care Services

Neo-Conservative Ideology and Opposition to Federal Regulation of Child Care Services in the United States and Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Teghtsoonian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
Conservative Ideology ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Child Care Services

AbstractThis article explores neo-conservative ideology in the industrialized West through a comparative analysis of the arguments advanced against a strong role for the federal government in regulating child care services in the United States and Canada. Existing analyses of neo-conservatism suggest that it is composed of many different elements which may lead to contradictory policy prescriptions; this literature also downplays the presence of a “pro-family” component in the Canadian context. The article illustrates the presence of an “anti-statist,” a “pro-market” and a “pro-family” strand of neo-conservatism in each country, and shows that they converge in opposing federal regulation of child care services. It also suggests that, while there appears to be a shared neo-conservative vision of the appropriate relationship between families and the state across national contexts, discussions of the state and its relationship to the market take on a distinctive tone in each country.

Child Care Services

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Custodial Care ◽  
Child Care Services

Child care services, enabling parents to commit themselves to paid employment while providing a supervised environment for their children, have a long and complex history in the United States. Child care services can provide children with educational and other advantages, as well as custodial care. In fact, the United States has multiple kinds of services providing child care and early childhood education. Publicly funded services have concentrated on care for impoverished children and those facing other risks or disadvantages, but many of these children and their families remain unserved because of gaps in programs and lack of support for subsidies, while other families purchase the services they need.

International Perspectives on Child Care Policies and Programs

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-252
Author(s):  
Sheila B. Kamerman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Day Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Services ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Child Care Services

Child development research is more extensive and more sophisticated in the United States than in any other country in the world. US policy makers have access to more and better information about the factors known to enhance or impede good child development than those in almost any other country. Nonetheless, the United States lags far behind almost all the major advanced industrialized countries with regard to supply, quality, and affordability of out-of-home child care services for children under the age at which compulsory school begins (5, 6, or 7 years). This paper provides a brief overview of child care internationally, primarily in northern and western Europe, the leaders in this field. The objective is to document the availability and quality of child care services and related policies in these countries. The paper begins by defining the terms that will be used in discussing child care internationally. The major focus is on identifying and describing the policy choices that the advanced, industrialized, western countries have made regarding child care for young children of different ages (preschoolers and infants). DEFINING THE TERMS The child care programs I will describe include preschools (kindergartens, prekindergartens, compensatory early-education programs, nursery schools); day-care centers (nurseries, creches); and family-day-care-homes (both regulated and unregulated). Relative care, occasional baby-sitting, and care provided within a child's own home are not included in this discussion, nor are programs for children with special needs (handicapped children). Nor, because of space limitations, are before- and after-school programs covered. The major cross-national differences have to do with the financing of services and the extent of the role of the public sector; the predominance of the education, health, or social welfare system in delivering the services; the proportion of children of different ages served by these programs; whether services are limited to the children of working mothers; and the quality of the care provided.

scholarly journals Policy Frameworks and Parental Choice: Using Conjoint Analysis to Understand Parental Decision Making for Child Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110223
Author(s):  
Adrienne M. Davidson ◽  
Samantha Burns ◽  
Delaine Hampton ◽  
Linda White ◽  
Michal Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Child Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Parental Decision Making ◽  
Child Care Services

Many children in Canada and the United States experience poor-quality child care on a regular basis. Under the rubric of “parent choice,” governments continue to permit a variety of licensed care providers (centers and homes) as well as unlicensed home child care providers. Research suggests, however, that parents are not well-informed consumers about child care services, unaware of even the basic characteristics of their child’s care. In this study, we provide findings from a latent profile analysis based on a conjoint survey conducted in Toronto, Canada to better understand the factors that influence parents’ decisions in selecting child care services. Based on responses from over 700 parents, we identify five classes of parents that reflect a range of preferences in selecting child care. However, most groups show a strong preference for licensed early childhood education and care (ECEC) options. Limitations of this study and implications for policy are discussed.

Child Care and Child Care Policy: Existing Policies, Their Effects, and Reforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 686 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Joseph Hotz ◽  
Matthew Wiswall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Provide Child Care ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Low Income Mothers

We analyze policies that support and affect the provision and costs of child care in the United States. These policies are motivated by at least three objectives: (1) improving the cognitive and social development of young children, (2) facilitating maternal employment, and (3) alleviating poverty. We summarize this policy landscape and the evidence on the effects they have on the development of children and parents. We provide a summary of the use and costs of nonparental child care services; and we summarize existing policies and programs that subsidize child care costs, provide child care to certain groups, and regulate various aspects of the services provided in the United States. We then review the evidence on the effects that child care policies have on these objectives. We go on to discuss the existing evidence of their effects on various outcomes. Finally, we outline three reform proposals that will both facilitate work by low-income mothers and improve the quality of child care that their children receive.

Child Care in the United States and Industrialized Nations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1083
Author(s):  
Carollee Howes ◽  
Kristin Droege
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Child Care Services

Although the US does subsidize a portion of child-care services via tax credits for the middle class and subsidized care for low-income families, it has no parental-leave policy, no national system of child-care services, and no national standards of quality. This nonsystem of child care is in great contrast to the situation in most industrialized nations, which do have parental-leave and child-care systems with quality standards acceptable to most American experts. We believe that the greatest obstacle to such a system within the US lies in the premise that children are the responsibility of individual families and that responsible mothers will remain home to care for them. This is ironic in a country that claims to believe in diversity and parental choice. Our nonsystem of child care fails to serve the diverse needs of families and greatly restricts parents' choices.

Is This the Care We Need?: An Examination of Childcare Policy in Pennsylvania

Commonwealth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Sweet-Cushman ◽  
Ashley Harden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Current System ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Women And Politics ◽  
Richard Nixon ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Childcare Policy

For many families across Pennsylvania, child care is an ever-present concern. Since the 1970s, when Richard Nixon vetoed a national childcare program, child care has received little time in the policy spotlight. Instead, funding for child care in the United States now comes from a mixture of federal, state, and local programs that do not help all families. This article explores childcare options available to families in the state of Pennsylvania and highlights gaps in the current system. Specifically, we examine the state of child care available to families in the Commonwealth in terms of quality, accessibility, flexibility, and affordability. We also incorporate survey data from a nonrepresentative sample of registered Pennsylvania voters conducted by the Pennsylvania Center for Women and Politics. As these results support the need for improvements in the current childcare system, we discuss recommendations for the future.

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