Archival Interventions and Disentangling Legacy Records

Appraisal and disposition of government records at Library and Archives Canada (LAC) focuses primarily on acquiring the “right” records to best document a given function of the Government of Canada. Once records pass into LAC’s care, access is provided through an inconsistent approach of online descriptive records and on-site finding aids, often with minimal or incorrect contextualizing information that hinders their overall discoverability and use. Through a study of both the legacy photographic records in the National Film Board of Canada Fonds and the recontextualization project currently underway at LAC, the author examines the history of the record, from recordkeeping practices to the transfer to LAC, and some of the interventions by the archives to describe and shape these records over several generations of custodial care. All of these various actions have had a hidden impact on the use and understanding of both the individual records and the larger collection. This article provides a case study in how rearrangement based on research into creators, organizational recordkeeping systems, and archival custodial practices can draw out complex, multiple provenances and provide researchers with a fuller contextual history of the record.

The personal recovery movement in Singapore – past, present and future

The personal recovery movement is beginning to gain traction within Singapore’s mental healthcare systems. We believe it is timely to give a broad overview of how it developed and provide suggestions on how it can evolve further. From the early custodial care in the 1800s to the community-centric programmes of the 1900s and early 2000s, we now find ourselves at the forefront of yet another paradigm shift towards a more consumer-centric model of care. The following decades will allow personal recovery practitioners and researchers to innovate and identify unique but culturally appropriate care frameworks. We also discuss how the movement can continue to complement existing mental healthcare systems and efforts. Keywords: Asia, legislation, lived experience, mental health services, personal recovery

The Lost Years 1918-1935

The article covers the last 17 years of Komitas’s life. Constantinople Armenians who took care of Komitas, on the advice of Dr. Vahram Torkomian, seeing no improvement in Komitas’s mental health, while he was treated at Hopital de la Paix in Istanbul, decided to send him to Paris, hoping for better treatment and outcome. The article describes Komitas’s medical care, both psychiatric and physical until his death in 1935 when Komitas was in custodial care in Paris sanatoriums. It describes and analyses the findings from Komitas’s medical files at Ville- Evrard and Ville- Juif Hospitals. It reviews the psychiatric consultations, and explains the medical terms used at the beginning of the 20th century and its implications for psychiatric diagnosis used in Western psychiatry of today. Finally it describes his death due the bone infection in his foot and his funeral arrangements. Սույն հոդվածը նկարագրում է Կոմիտասի կյանքի և հիվանդության փարիզյան շրջանը մինչև իր մահը 1935 թ․ հոկտեմբերին։ 1918 թ. Զինադադարից հետո Կոմիտասի ընկերները բժիշկ Վահրամ Թորգոմյանի խորհրդով նրան բուժման նպատակով ուղարկում են Փարիզ։ Կոստանդնուպոլսի Լա Բե հիւանդանոցում Կոմիտասի առողջությունն անփոփոխ էր մնում, և լավացում չէր արձանագրվում։ Հոդվածն անդրադառնում է Փարիզի Վիլ Էվրար և Վիլ Ժուիֆ բուժական հաստատություններում Կոմիտասի բժշկական խնամքին։ Վերլուծության են ենթրկվում բժշկական թղթապանակը, բժշկական խորհրդատվությունները, համեմատվում են քսաներորդ դարասկզբին գործածված բժշկական ախտորոշիչ եզրույթները՝ ներկայիս գործածվող տարբերակների հետ։ Քննարկվում են նաև նրա ոտքի ոսկորի հիվանդությունն ու ֆիզիկական հյուծման պատճառով մահվան պարագան, ապա նաև թաղման կազմակերպումը։

The Daily Challenges of Caring for Grandchildren: A Daily Analysis of Emotional and Physical Reactivity to Stressors

Grandparents are increasingly providing extensive and custodial care for their grandchildren. Many factors have contributed to a societal rise in caregiving among grandparents, including addiction, incarceration, dual-income families, and the cost of childcare. Past work has highlighted positive effects of grandparenting (e.g. reduced dementia risk); however, research is limited that examines the day to day challenges grandparent caregivers experience. The goal of this research was to examine daily experiences of stressors, positive events, physical symptoms, and daily mood of grandparent caregivers. Participants (n=18 grandparent caregivers) filled out a diary survey for five consecutive days that measured daily stressors and positive events. A total of 90 diaries were completed. Stressors were reported on 97.6% of days. Multilevel analysis examining emotional and physical reactivity to daily events showed that, controlling for age and gender, on days when participants reported more stressors than average, they reported higher negative affect (p=.019), lower positive affect (p=.003) and more physical symptoms (p=.002). Positive events were not significantly associated with daily mood or daily physical symptoms. Overall, the findings supported the hypothesis that grandparent caregivers experience emotional and physical reactivity to the daily challenges they experience. Future research should examine resources and supports to reduce the impact of daily stressors, as well as the particular challenges among underrepresented groups, particularly Black and Latino grandparents, who provide disproportionate levels of care for their grandchildren. The current study highlights the potential vulnerability and daily needs for support among grandparents who provide regular and custodial care for their grandchildren.

Lines of Settlement: Lost Landscapes within Maps for Future Morphologies

The value of archival documents quite often extends beyond their original purpose, as evidence contained within these artefacts, whether written or drawn, can provide veracity for new lines of heritage inquiry. Many settlements in the ‘new world’ were set out by land surveyors whose drawings charted the accurate placement and alignment of new streets and block perimeters laid upon drawings of the extant topographical landscape features. The paper discusses three settlement maps of Melbourne, Australia, through the lens of Michel de Certeau’s idea that maps are an instrument of power are not just about recording; maps are actually about appropriating and producing regimes of place. In the Australian context, the settlement drawings, prepared under the direction of the colonial administration, inadvertently depicts Country that had been under the custodial care of the First Nations peoples for millennia, and through the intentions of the settlement maps about to be irrevocably disturbed, altered or destroyed. We raise the prospect that urban and landscape design can reflect on the ‘lost landscapes’ of cultural significance, and discuss new ways of interpreting representation through an approach of design reconciliation.

Deep Learning for Walking Behaviour Detection in Elderly People Using Smart Footwear

The increase in the proportion of elderly in Europe brings with it certain challenges that society needs to address, such as custodial care. We propose a scalable, easily modulated and live assistive technology system, based on a comfortable smart footwear capable of detecting walking behaviour, in order to prevent possible health problems in the elderly, facilitating their urban life as independently and safety as possible. This brings with it the challenge of handling the large amounts of data generated, transmitting and pre-processing that information and analysing it with the aim of obtaining useful information in real/near-real time. This is the basis of information theory. This work presents a complete system aiming at elderly people that can detect different user behaviours/events (sitting, standing without imbalance, standing with imbalance, walking, running, tripping) through information acquired from 20 types of sensor measurements (16 piezoelectric pressure sensors, one accelerometer returning reading for the 3 axis and one temperature sensor) and warn the relatives about possible risks in near-real time. For the detection of these events, a hierarchical structure of cascading binary models is designed and applied using artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms and deep learning techniques. The best models are achieved with convolutional layered ANN and multilayer perceptrons. The overall event detection performance achieves an average accuracy and area under the ROC curve of 0.84 and 0.96, respectively.

Introduction

This chapter maps prostitution onto the shifting social, political, and economic landscape of modernizing Russia. It outlines the system for the regulation of prostitution in the Russian Empire and pays attention to the significant expansion of the system during late nineteenth-century industrialization and urbanization. The chronological setting of the study is analysed as a period of flux, in which social identities, cultural practices, and traditional gender roles were destabilized. Amid this fluctuation, the imperial authorities attempted to tighten their grip over the Empire’s vast lower class population, using emerging technologies (such as photography, fingerprinting, and statistical analysis) to ‘know’ and monitor those at the social margins. Women who sold sex were certainly one key focus of this attention, as local police forces attempted to compile accurate records of their names, ages, addresses, social classes, and ethnicities. Thereafter, the chapter explores how the Russian imperial state attempted to enforce a paternalistic relationship between those in authority and their subjects. Official approaches to the Empire’s lower classes combined strict discipline with custodial care and supervision. This paternalism was at the heart of the state regulation of prostitution, under which officialdom monitored the bodies and behaviour of registered prostitutes, and to a certain extent, their clients and managers.

COMPARATIVE LAW REVIEW OF LONG-TERM CARE SYSTEMS IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

The organisation and funding of a long-term care system have been one of the most commonly debated issues in the social policies of developed European countries since the 1920s. The key issue in the debate on the long-term care system is to what extent the population should finance their own needs for custodial care and assistance, and to what extent it should be done by the state. Another important issue is whether the funds for long-term care should only be beneficial for those who cannot pay from their own assets (residual model), or whether long-term care services should be a universal right. The existence of such huge national differences has contributed to the intensity of this debate, both regarding how the system is organised (according to the type of benefits) and how the resources are generated. Bearing in mind the foregoing, in this paper, the author analyses the long-term care systems for people dependant on custodial care and assistance in several most developed European countries. The paper examines their organisation and funding, and highlights their major advantages and disadvantages, which may eventually serve as an indication for improving the domestic system.

Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren, Family Structure, and Depressive Symptoms in China

It is a cultural norm for Chinese older adults to engage in co-parenting and caring for grandchildren. Previous research documented health advantages for grandparents who provide occasional, extensive, or even custodial care to grandchildren in China. Yet there is little information regarding the impacts of living arrangement and its interaction with grandchild care on grandparents’ psychological well-being. Using three waves of the 2011-2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data, this study examined the longitudinal association of depressive symptoms with grandchild care intensity and living arrangement among adults aged 40 and above (N=5,037). Mixed effects regression models were applied to examine changes in depressive symptoms and the associations with explanatory variables. At baseline, about half of respondents reported caring for their grandchild (ren). And nine percent lived with grandchildren only, that is, in a skipped-generation household and taking a custodial grandparent role. Overall, depressive symptoms did not change over time. After controlling for sociodemographic and health covariates, we found that providing medium level of care (i.e., between three to 10 hours per day) was associated with fewer baseline depressive symptoms, whereas grandparents living with grandchildren had more symptoms at baseline relative to those living with others. Further, an increased level of caregiving in the skipped-generation households was associated with more depressive symptoms. Given that custodial grandparenting is a growing phenomenon in China, further research needs to investigate how to reduce caregiving burden and associated adversary effects and how to promote overall well-being in this population.