HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DENGAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL REMAJA PUTRI DI SMA NEGERI 5 LHOKSEUMAWE

The rapid growth experienced by adolescents leads them to have a great sense of curiosity in various things without disolved the first information that they can. This makes teenagers fall into the negative. One of the negative things that become a teen problem is teenage sexual behavior. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the characteristics and parenting patterns of parents with the sexual behavior of girls in high school 5 Kota Lhokseumawe in 2019. This research type is analytic observational research by using cross sectional approach method. The population in this research were female students in SMA 5 Kota Lhokseumawe in 2019 class XI which amounted to 96 people. Data analysis in this research used unvariat and bivariate. The findings of this research obtained that parenting patterns have a meaningful relationship with the sexual behavior of young girl adolescent in SMA Negeri 5 Kota Lhokseumawe. for parenting pattern obtained p <0.05, which means there is a relationship between parenting parenting with the sexual behavior of young girl. It is expected that students will participate in training and extracurricular activities in schools such as joining the Youth Reproductive Health program to improve adolescent about risky sexual behavior. Parents are expected to provide child care and sex education as early as possible to the children by of open communication, listening to each other and keeping an eye on their child's association so as to avoid irresponsible sexual behavior of teenagers. Abstrak Pesatnya pertumbuhan yang dialami oleh remaja menyebabkan mereka memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar dalam berbagai hal tanpa larut terlebih dahulu informasi yang mereka dapat. Hal ini membuat remaja terjerumus ke dalam hal yang negatif. Salah satu hal negatif yang menjadi masalah remaja adalah perilaku seksual remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik dan pola asuh orang tua dengan perilaku seksual anak perempuan di SMA Negeri 5 Kota Lhokseumawe Tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa perempuan di SMA Negeri 5 Kota Lhokseumawe kelas XI 2019 yang berjumlah 96 orang. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan unvariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa pola asuh memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan perilaku seksual remaja putri di SMA Negeri 5 Kota Lhokseumawe. untuk pola asuh diperoleh p < 0,05 yang berarti ada hubungan pola asuh dengan perilaku seksual remaja putri. Diharapkan siswa mengikuti pelatihan dan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di sekolah seperti mengikuti program Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja tentang perilaku seksual berisiko. Orang tua diharapkan memberikan pengasuhan anak dan pendidikan seks sedini mungkin kepada anak melalui komunikasi yang terbuka, saling mendengarkan dan mengawasi pergaulan anaknya sehingga terhindar dari perilaku seksual remaja yang tidak bertanggung jawab.

Causes and consequences of delayed vaccination against pertussis infection in the Russian Federation

Introduction. One of the reasons for the increase of pertussis in the Russian Federation on the background of the widespread coverage of prophylactic vaccinations of more than 95% is a large number of unreasonable medical recusals and parental refusals and, as a result, untimely prophylactic vaccinations against pertussis infection.Materials and methods. We analyzed 5101 emergency notifications for pertussis in children under 17 years of age in Moscow in 2012-2017 and 300 child development histories for children under 14 years of age in two clinics in Moscow. A сase-сontrol study was conducted to assess the relationship between pertussis and the presence of deviations in the immunization schedule.Results. It was found that the level of timely immunization against pertussis did not exceed 5%. Medical (20%) and parental refusals (45%) prevail among the reasons for delayed vaccination. In the structure of medical exemption, the main causes are perinatal encephalopathy, congenital heart defects, intestinal dysbiosis, allergic diseases, anemia and some chronic diseases.Discussion. The main principle for the formation of a full protective immunity from pertussis infection is the mandatory administration of a full primary course of vaccination against pertussis, with the completion of three vaccinations at the age of 10-12 months and mandatory control over the timely receipt of a booster dose no later than the child reaches two years of age. In addition, it is necessary to introduce additional booster doses of pertussis vaccine at the age of 6-7 years, 12-14 years, vaccination of adults every 10 years, as well as consider the introduction of vaccination of expectant mothers in each pregnancy at 27-36 weeks, vaccination for medical personnel and employees who provide child care services.

Gambaran Parent-Grandparent Co-Parenting Relationship pada Kakek-Nenek yang Mengasuh Balita

Parental care by grandparents has become a worldwide phenomenon along with the increasing number of working mothers. Co-residing grandparent influence children’s growth and development, so good co-parenting is needed to avoid the negative impacts. This study aims to describe parent-grandparent co-parenting relationship in grandparents who provide child care because left by working mothers. The research method was descriptive survey and using simple random sampling technique with sample of 105 grandparents who provide child care because left by working mothers. Characteristics of grandparents 74.3% aged less than 60 years, 90.5% children raised by grandmothers. The majority of grandparents 99% came from Javanese ethnic and 55.2% had an elementary-junior high school education. As many as 87.6% respondents have an income less than IDR1,700,000.00/month and 60% mothers of children work as private employees. The results indicated that grandparents showed a good parent-grandparent co-parenting relationship in the role of childcare, which was marked by 65.7% co-parenting agreement good respondents, 73.3% co-parenting closeness of respondents good, 73.3% exposure of child to conflict respondents are good, 78.1% co-parenting support/undermining respondents are good, 85.7% endorsement of partner's parenting respondents are good, and only 58.1% of respondents perceive the division of labor in the sufficient category. The role of grandparents as children’s primary caregivers when left by working mothers will not interfere with attachment between parent-child if a harmonious parent-grandparent co-parenting relationship is created. Keywords: co-parenting; grandparenting; working mother ABSTRAK Pengasuhan balita oleh kakek-nenek menjadi fenomena yang mendunia seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah ibu yang bekerja. Pengasuhan kakek-nenek berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita, sehingga diperlukan co-parenting yang baik agar tidak terjadi dampak negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran parent-grandparent coparenting relationship pada kakek-nenek yang mengasuh balita karena ditinggal ibu bekerja. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan survei deskriptif dan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 105 kakek-nenek yang mengasuh balita karena ditinggal ibu bekerja. Karakteristik kakek-nenek yang mengasuh balita 74,3% berusia kurang dari 60 tahun, 90,5% balita diasuh oleh neneknya. Mayoritas kakek-nenek 99% berasal dari Suku Jawa dan 55,2% berpendidikan SD-SMP. Sebanyak 87,6% responden mempunyai penghasilan kurang dari Rp1.700.000,00/bulan dan 60% ibu balita berkeja sebagai karyawan swasta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parent-grandparent co-parenting pada kakek-nenek yang mengasuh balita dalam kategori baik, yang ditandai dengan 65,7% co-parenting agreement responden baik, 73,3% co-parenting closeness responden baik, 73,3% exposure of child to conflict responden baik, 78,1% co-parenting support/undermining responden baik, 85,7% endorsement of partner’s parenting responden baik, dan hanya 58,1% responden yang mempersepsikan division of labor dalam kategori cukup. Peran kakek-nenek sebagai pengasuh utama balita ketika ditinggal ibu bekerja tidak akan mengganggu kelekatan antara orangtua-anak apabila tercipta parent-grandparent co-parenting relationship yang harmonis. Kata kunci: co-parenting; pengasuhan kakek-nenek; ibu bekerja

Holiday Clubs as Community Organizations

Holiday clubs—publicly or privately operated organizations that provide child care services and healthy food to disadvantaged children in the United Kingdom (UK) when schools are not in session—are increasing in number. We know a good deal about the effectiveness of the clubs in terms of nutrition-related outcomes, but little is known about the anti-poverty resources these holiday clubs may provide. The possibility that club funding may be centralized through the national government requires a better understanding of holiday club resources. This study describes the range of resources that holiday clubs deliver and reports on how these resources are acquired and brokered by club staff and volunteers. We use data from seventeen clubs operating in disadvantaged communities in North East England during the summer of 2017, and find that clubs deliver an assortment of anti-poverty resources that are often tied to staff (personal and professional) networks.

Child Care and Child Care Policy: Existing Policies, Their Effects, and Reforms

We analyze policies that support and affect the provision and costs of child care in the United States. These policies are motivated by at least three objectives: (1) improving the cognitive and social development of young children, (2) facilitating maternal employment, and (3) alleviating poverty. We summarize this policy landscape and the evidence on the effects they have on the development of children and parents. We provide a summary of the use and costs of nonparental child care services; and we summarize existing policies and programs that subsidize child care costs, provide child care to certain groups, and regulate various aspects of the services provided in the United States. We then review the evidence on the effects that child care policies have on these objectives. We go on to discuss the existing evidence of their effects on various outcomes. Finally, we outline three reform proposals that will both facilitate work by low-income mothers and improve the quality of child care that their children receive.

Criminal-executive and organizational problems of the location of small-kids children in corrective institutions of Russia

В статье рассматриваются отдельные проблемы обеспечения интересов малолетних детей, сопровождающих своих матерей в учреждениях системы исполнения наказаний. Несмотря на то, что для женщин с детьми в пенитенциарных учреждениях России создаются улучшенные материально-бытовые условия, проблема обеспечения наилучшим образом интересов ребенка остается актуальной. Автор делает акцент на существующих проблемах: отсутствие домов ребенка в колониях-поселениях и механизма реализации права женщин на совместное проживание с ребенком в возрасте до 3 лет, ненадлежащие условия содержания беременных и женщин с детьми в СИЗО. Отмечается необходимость усовершенствования нормативно-правовых актов по вопросам обеспечения предметами ухода за детьми. Отдельной проблемой является медицинское обслуживание детей заключенных женщин, низкая обеспеченность медицинским оборудованием и квалифицированными медицинскими кадрами. В заключение автор указывает на необходимость совершенствования организации медико-санитарного обеспечения женщин и детей, находящихся в учреждениях УИС, путем взаимодействия с государственными и муниципальными учреждениями здравоохранения. Будет правильно, если дома ребенка, созданные во всех учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы, станут именоваться «центрами охраны материнства и детства», которые утверждены в п. 1.17 номенклатуры медицинских организаций как отдельная структура. He article discusses some of the problems of ensuring the interests of young children who accompany their mothers in the institutions of the penal system. Despite the fact that improved material and living conditions are created for women with children in penitentiary institutions in Russia, the problem of ensuring the best interests of the child remains relevant.he author focuses on the existing problems: the lack of children's homes in penal colonies, the mechanism for realizing the right of women to live together with a child under 3 years of age, inadequate conditions for pregnant women and women with children in the pre-trial detention centers, the need to improve the regulations on provide child care items. A separate problem is the medical care of children of imprisoned women, low provision of medical equipment and qualified medical personnel.In conclusion, the author points to the need to improve the organization of medical care for women and children who are in institutions of the penal correction system by interacting with state and municipal healthcare institutions. We believe that it would be correct if the children's homes established in all institutions of the penitentiary system become the “Centers for the Protection of Motherhood and Childhood”, which are approved in paragraph 1.17 of the nomenclature of medical organizations, as a separate structure.

Lettuce Grow: Universities Collaborating with Nonprofits to Provide Child Care Development Educators with Garden Knowledge and Experience

University-based horticulture departments and extension agents have explored the relationship between gardening programs and consumer knowledge and preferences. Studies have established positive correlations between garden participation and increased science scores and heightened environmental stewardship. The objective of this research was to determine if participation in “Lettuce Grow” garden workshops cohosted by the Louisiana State University Agriculture Center (LSU AgCenter) and Volunteers of America Greater Baton Rouge (VOA-GBR) had positive effects on child care providers’ garden knowledge and willingness to implement garden programming with children aged 5 years and younger. Participation led to a 67% increase (P ≤ 0.05) in horticulture knowledge for participants and resulted in 76.2% of the child care providers actively engaged in growing a garden with youth aged 5 years and under. Based on this experience, we highly recommend universities partner with local nonprofits to engage in deeper meaning, science-based garden extension projects.

Patterns of grandparental child care across Europe: the role of the policy context and working mothers' need

ABSTRACTAcross Europe grandparents play very different roles. This paper studies to what extent grandparents' role as providers of child care relates to the country policy context, focusing on public child-care services and parental leave regulation, and to the availability of part-time jobs for women. We also explore whether mothers' needs to combine family and work differently influence the frequency of grandparental child care across countries. The analysis combines micro-data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and macro-indicators from the Multilinks database and Eurostat. We find a clear association between policy context and frequency of grandparental child care. Three models emerge. In countries close to the familialism by default model (i.e. characterised by scarce public child-care services and parental leave), when grandparents provide child care they often do it daily. In countries characterised by defamilialisation and supported familialism policies (with generous public services and parental leave) grandparents take on a marginal role. An intermediate model emerges in countries characterised by a limited offer of child care or parental leave, where grandparental child care complements state support and tends to be offered on a weekly basis. Our analysis corroborates the idea that the highly intensive involvement of grandparents in countries with low availability of part-time jobs for women is influenced by the need (unmet by the welfare) of mothers to combine work and family.

Child care by grandparents: changes between 1992 and 2006

ABSTRACTThis study considers changes in child care by grandparents between 1992 and 2006 in relation to changes in mothers' need for and grandparents' opportunity to provide child care. Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam are used to compare two cohorts of Dutch grandparents aged 58–68 (N1992=181; N2006=350). Multi-level regression analysis shows that the probability that grandparents care for their adult daughters' children (N1992=261; N2006=484) increased from 0.23 to 0.41. The increase can be ascribed to higher maternal employment rates, growth in single motherhood, reduced travel time and a decline in the number of adult children. The increase would have been higher if the employment rate of grandparents had not risen.