Understanding the Psychological Impact of Terrorism on Youth: Moving Beyond Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette M. La Greca
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Impact

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression and Fear Of COVID-19 Among Pregnant Women During the Rapid Rise Period of the Coronavirus Pandemic in a Middle Eastern Country: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Barakat ◽  
Youssef Fares ◽  
Linda Abou-Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging public health issue. Pregnant women are susceptible to its negative psychological impact. Particularly, pre-natal psychological health is critical as it can affect the well-being of the mothers and their fetuses. The present study aimed to assess the Covid-19 psychological impact on pregnant women, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and fear related to COVID-19 as well as to investigate their associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in Lebanon between 17th November 2020 and 27th February 2021. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data about participants’ baseline characteristics and psychological status, including PTSD, depression as well as fear related to COVID-19. Results Out of the 466 respondents, 28.5% (n = 133) had PTSD related to Covid-19, and 22.1% (n = 133) had depression. The mean score for the fear of Covid-19 was 18.51 ± 5.55. Pregnant women’s depression and fear of Covid-19 were significantly associated with PTSD (adjusted OR = 5.85 with 95% CI of 3.37 to10.16; adjusted OR = 1.19 with 95% CI of 1.13 to 1.26, respectively). Furthermore, smoking during pregnancy and encountering difficulties in accessing healthcare during the pandemic were found to be associated with depression, while practicing home quarantine was found to be associated with the fear of Covid-19. Pregnant women who perceived high risks towards Covid-19 and those who experienced PTSD had high levels of both depression and the fear of Covid-19 compared to their counterparts. Conclusion High levels of PTSD, depression, and fear of Covid-19 were detected among Lebanese pregnant women. This recommends further psychological interventions to mitigate these levels.

scholarly journals The Psychological Impact of the Ebola epidemic among Survivors in Liberia: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simmie Segbe Nyanfor ◽  
Shuiyuan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychological Problems

Abstract Background The 2013- 2016 West Africa Ebola epidemic resulted in an unprecedented number of survivors. The outbreak has contributed to many survivors, who have shown to have suffered from physical and mental sequelae – sigma, physical violence, diminished quality of life, ostracism, and isolation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Ebola virus disease and long-term psychological problems among Ebola survivors in Liberia. Method In January 2019, quantitative data from 232 respondents (EVD survivors, n = 116; non-survivors, n = 116) were gathered by structured face-to-face interviews. We used Davidson Trauma Scale for PTSD (DTS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) to assess anxiety, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depression, and the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) to assess suicidality of both the survivors and their controls. Data were analyzed by linear regression analyses, chi-square, or t-tests to determine the prevalence, Ebola virus infection, and factors associated with long term psychological problems among EVD survivors and non-survivors. Results We have identified 116 survivors of EVD and 116 non-Ebola survivors. Of the 116 people who survived, 76 (66%) recorded posttraumatic stress disorder, 61 (53%) depression, 43 (37%) anxiety, and 39 (34%) attempted suicide. Relative to EVD survivors, the non-survivors had very significantly lower levels of posttraumatic stress disorder, 7(6%), depression, 5 (4%), anxiety, 5 (4%), and 2 (2%) attempted suicide reported three years after the outbreak. In a logistic regression analysis, EVD survivors had higher odds of observing posttraumatic stress disorder ( β =3.39, OR, 29.59 [95% Cl 2.53, 4.24]; p<.001), depression ( β = 3.20 OR, 24.62 [95% Cl 2.24, 4.17]; p <.001); anxiety ( β = 2.57, OR, 13.08 [95% Cl 1.60, 3.54]; p <.001), and suicidality (β = 3.36, OR, 28.87 [95% Cl 1.91, 4.81], p <.001) three years after the outbreak. Conclusion Three years after the outbreak, EVD survivors still had persistently high levels of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and suicide attempt. The long-term psychological implications of infectious diseases should not be ignored. The results underscore the need for Mental Health services on a national scale for the EVD survivors.

The Management of Terror

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Gary Rodin ◽  
Sarah Hales
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Life Threatening

This chapter addresses the psychological impact of life-threatening disease of acute onset. Anxiety may be profound in this circumstance, with the severity of symptoms often meeting criteria for acute stress disorder (ASD) or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in both patients and family caregivers. The nature of traumatic stress and the ways in which it may be alleviated by Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) therapy are described here. Terror management theory (TMT), including the psychological pillars that protect individuals from the fear of death, is introduced as a model to understand how death anxiety is managed when mortality salience is heightened. The influence of TMT in formulating our research and in developing the CALM intervention is described here.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SUICIDE BOMBING ON MENTAL HEALTH IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Mehwish Saleem ◽  
◽  
Shuja ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Suicide Bombing ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Suicide Terrorism

Pakistan passed through a very critical situation due to terrorism. The most lethal attempts were suicide bombings, which jolted Pakistani society, and the population faced severe mental health issues. This paper attempts to find out the psychological effects of suicide terrorism in Karachi. The present study has been conducted in Karachi city. This is an exploratory study in nature. The target population comprised of victims who had been directly affected by suicide terrorism in Karachi from 2008 to 2014. The study has a sample size of 118 and data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire by using the snowball sampling technique. A quantitative research design has been used to examine the psychological impact of suicide terrorism in Karachi. One hundred and eighteen respondents were included in the present study. A majority of them were male with monthly household income between 31,000-40,000 PKR, showing that most of the victims belonged to the lower-middle-class of society. The overwhelming number of the respondents having individual demised or injured in the suicide bombing were the household earners consequently resulting in emotional and financial crises. Most of the respondents (48.30%) reported that they or their family member’s experienced severe depression followed by mood swings. Most of the victims of suicide bombing are missing their household earners or the head of the family. As a result, they suffered from mental disturbance. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was high after the incident among the victims and their families. Keywords: Suicide bombing; Psychological impacts; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Victims, Karachi

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Exacerbates Emotional Complaints but not Cognitive Impairments in Individuals Suffering from Postconcussional Disorder after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C. Schroeder ◽  
Ronald M. Ruff ◽  
Lutz Jäncke
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Composite Scale

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on (a) neuropsychological test performance and (b) self-reported emotional complaints within individuals suffering from postconcussional disorder (PCD) after a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). A two-group comparative research design was employed. Two MTBI samples with and without PTSD were assessed with a neuropsychological test battery and the Ruff Neurobehavioral Inventory (RNBI). On the neurocognitive test performances no significant between group differences were found, but the MTBI group with PTSD endorsed a significantly greater number of emotional complaints, especially in the RNBI subscales of anxiety and depression. The patients with PTSD also endorsed a significantly greater number of premorbid sequelae in the RNBI emotional composite scale as well as the RNBI premorbid subscales of pain, anxiety and abuse. In sum, PTSD has a negative impact on emotional but not cognitive functioning within individuals suffering from PCD after a mild TBI.

Stehen kognitive Funktionen im Zusammenhang mit Angst, Depression und Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung bei Brustkrebspatientinnen nach onkologischer Behandlung?

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Schirmer ◽  
Anja Mehnert ◽  
Angela Scherwath ◽  
Barbara Schleimer ◽  
Frank Schulz-Kindermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Kognitive Funktionen

Die in mehreren Studien gefundenen kognitiven Störungen bei Tumorpatienten nach Chemotherapie werden zumeist mit der Zytostatikaneurotoxizität assoziiert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Zusammenhang von Angst, Depression und Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung mit der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit bei Frauen mit Mammakarzinom untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 76 Brustkrebspatientinnen fünf Jahre nach Abschluss der onkologischen Behandlung mit neuropsychologischen Testverfahren sowie mit der Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Deutsche Version (HADS-D) und der Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – Civilian Version (PCL-C) untersucht: 23 nach Standard- und 24 nach Hochdosistherapie sowie 29 nach Brustoperation und Strahlentherapie als Vergleichsgruppe. Signifikante Zusammenhänge sind vor allem zwischen kognitiven Funktionen und Intrusionssymptomen einer Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) festzustellen. Bei Patientinnen nach Standardtherapie weisen Intrusionen der PTBS einen moderaten Zusammenhang mit der globalen kognitiven Beeinträchtigung auf. Die Ergebnisse der Studie deuten auf multidimensionale Einfluss- und moderierende Faktoren bei der Entwicklung kognitiver Defizite bei Brustkrebspatientinnen nach onkologischer Therapie hin.

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