Imaging Abnormalities in Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine on Conventional MRI, Diffusion and Perfusion MRI and MRS

Cephalalgia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1004-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jacob ◽  
K Mahavish ◽  
A Bowden ◽  
ETS Smith ◽  
P Enevoldson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Migrainous Infarction ◽  
Vascular Origin ◽  
Diagnostic Confusion

Prolonged hemiparetic migraine aura can cause diagnostic confusion and be mistaken for ischaemic stroke occurring during the course of a migraine—‘migrainous infarction’. We report a case of prolonged hemiparesis occurring during the course of a migraine attack. Though initially confused with migrainous infarction, we suggest with sequential magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, diffusion, perfusion images and magnetic resonance spectroscopy that the hemiplegia was not of vascular origin and that the patient had sporadic hemiplegic migraine. We hypothesize that the mechanisms of sporadic hemiplegic migraine probably lie at a cellular level, similiar to familial hemiplegic migraine.

scholarly journals Serial magnetic resonance imaging findings during severe attacks of familial hemiplegic migraine type 2: a case report

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fear ◽  
Misha Patel ◽  
Ramin Zand
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Family History ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Changes

Abstract Background Hemiplegic migraines represent a heterogeneous disorder with various presentations. Hemiplegic migraines are classified as sporadic or familial based on the presence of family history, but both subtypes have an underlying genetic etiology. Mutations in the ATP1A2 gene are responsible for Familial Hemiplegic type 2 (FHM2) or the sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM) counterpart if there is no family history of the disorder. Manifestations include migraine with aura and hemiparesis along with a variety of other symptoms likely dependent upon the specific mutation(s) present. Case presentation We report the case of an adult man who presented with headache, aphasia, and right-sided weakness. Workup for stroke and various infectious agents was unremarkable during the patient’s extended hospital stay. We emphasize the changes in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) over time and the delay from onset of symptoms to MRI changes in Isotropic Diffusion Map (commonly referred to as Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)) as well as Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC). Conclusions We provide a brief review of imaging findings correlated with signs/symptoms and specific mutations in the ATP1A2 gene reported in the literature. Description of the various mutations and consequential presentations may assist neurologists in identifying cases of Hemiplegic Migraine, which may include transient changes in ADC and DWI imaging throughout the course of an attack.

Early Treatment in Acute Severe Encephalopathy Caused by ATP1A2 Mutation of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine Type 2: Case Report and Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (03) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Ying Du ◽  
Chuan Li ◽  
Feng-ju Duan ◽  
Chao Zhao ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine

AbstractFamilial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2) is an autosomal dominant inheritance disorder caused by ATP1A2 mutation, and the clinical spectrum is heterogeneous even with acute severe encephalopathy. However, up to now, early treatments against acute and severe attacks in FHM2 are still insufficient. Here, we report a 15-year-old female with intellectual disability due to FHM2 caused by a pathogenic ATP1A2 gene mutation, presenting mild-to-moderate headache at the onset, followed by confusion, complete right hemiparalysis, epileptic partial seizures, and conscious disturbance with rapid progression in acute attack. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy have revealed left extensive cerebral cortex edema, slightly decreased N-acetylaspartate for neuronal damage, and mildly increased lactate acid for mitochondrial dysfunction throughout the hemispheric swollen cortex. The patient is diagnosed as severe encephalopathy caused by FHM2. Based on literature review about pathophysiologic mechanism described in FHM2 recently, we use early treatments including prevention of glutamatergic excitotoxicity and protection of mitochondria function, as well as traditional antimigraine drug. The symptoms are all greatly improved and recovered within a short time, and follow-up MRI also shows complete disappearance of edema throughout the left hemispheric cortex. Altogether, the approach in our case may reduce the severity and duration of encephalopathy effectively, expend therapeutic options, and provide helpful references for acute severe encephalopathy in FHM2.

Familial Hemiplegic Migraine: Follow-up Findings of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Perfusion-MRI and [99mTc] HMPAO-SPECT in a Patient with Prolonged Hemiplegic Aura

Cephalalgia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Oberndorfer ◽  
C Wöber ◽  
C Nasel ◽  
S Asenbaum ◽  
H Lahrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Migraine Aura ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Hmpao Spect ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare inherited autosomal dominant disorder. Migraine aura may last up to several weeks and then resolve without sequel. We report a 21-year-old male with FHM since the age of 3 years. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI), perfusion-MR imaging (P-MRI) and [99mTc] hexamethyl-propyleneamine-oxime-single photon emission tomography (HMPAO-SPECT) were performed on day 2, when he was somnolent with right-sided hemiplegia, on day 9 when a mild hemiparesis was still present and on day 24 after recovery. The right central region showed normal findings in DWI, whereas P-MRI and SPECT revealed hyperperfusion on day 2, less marked on day 9, and normal findings on day 24. In conclusion, this case report indicates for the first time, by means of SPECT, P-MRI and DWI studies, that even extremely long-lasting migraine aura is not associated with cerebral ischaemia. Therefore, it supports the revised International Headache Society criteria where the term ‘persistent’ aura is proposed.

Neuroimaging for the Clinician

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P Klein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Imaging

Modern neuroimaging has revolutionized the practice of neurology by allowing visualization and monitoring of evolving pathophysiologic processes. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now resolve structural abnormalities on a near-cellular level. Advances in functional imaging can assess the in vivo metabolic, vascular, and functional states of neuronal and glial populations in real time. Given the high density of data obtained from neuroimaging studies, it is essential for the clinician to take an active role in understanding the nature and significance of imaging abnormalities. This chapter reviews computed tomography and MRI techniques (including angiography and advanced sequences), specialized protocols for investigating specific diagnoses, risks associated with imaging, disease-specific imaging findings with general strategies for interpretation, and incidental findings and artifacts. Figures include computed tomography, T1- and T2-weighted signal intensity, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging in epilepsy and dementia, extra-axial versus intra-axial lesions, typical lesions of multiple sclerosis, spinal imaging, spinal pathology, vascular pathology, intracranial hemorrhage, and common imaging artifacts. Tables list Hounsfield units, patterns of enhancement from imaging, advanced techniques in imaging, magnetic resonance imaging sequences, and the evolution of cerebral infarction and intraparenchymal hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging. This review contains 12 figures, 6 tables, and 213 references.

Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Brain Tumors and Correlation with Histopathology as Gold Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 4009-4011
Author(s):  
Saulat Sarfraz ◽  
Mahwish Farzana
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Conventional Mri

Background: In spite of recent advances in the use of diagnostic imaging modalities none of them has a hundred percent accuracy. So, misdiagnosis still occurs. Many trials are being done to evaluate the accuracy of these tools individually or in combination. The most useful investigation is MRI which broadly gives information of lesion as well its relationship with surrounding structures. While magnetic resonance spectroscopy further characterizes the lesion into benign or malignant. So this study is bit superior giving more details. By enlarge histopathology is gold standard for ultimate diagnosis. However these radiological investigations are extremely important for preoperative planning as well management of the lesion. In this study we compare the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) with conventional MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) sequences for diagnosis of brain tumors keeping histopathology as gold standard. Methods: The study was performed in 150 clinically suspected cases which were referred to Radiology Department from OPD, Indoor, Emergency and private sources from outside the hospital. Results: Majority 85(56.7%) were adult males and 65(43.3%) were adult females. The study was divided into two major age groups. There were 33cases (22%) with average age 20-35 years. The other age group 36-50 years had 40(26.7%) Majority of the cases 77(51.3%) were of average >50 years of age. The higher age groups showed a female dominance. Histopathology of 100(66.7%) cases confirmed positive and 50(33.3%) negative for MR Spectroscopy. On comparison of conventional MRI with contrast, and Histopathology it was observed that the sensitivity of MRI was 74.0% and the specificity 82.0%.The positive and negative predictive values gave a lower accuracy rate of 76.6%. Conclusion: The conclusion of our study is that MRS is a rigorous, non-invasive, safe and convenient imaging modality for the evaluation of brain tumors as compared to MRI. Keywords: Brain tumors, MRI, MRS, Histopathology

Neuroimaging for the Clinician

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P Klein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Imaging

Modern neuroimaging has revolutionized the practice of neurology by allowing visualization and monitoring of evolving pathophysiologic processes. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now resolve structural abnormalities on a near-cellular level. Advances in functional imaging can assess the in vivo metabolic, vascular, and functional states of neuronal and glial populations in real time. Given the high density of data obtained from neuroimaging studies, it is essential for the clinician to take an active role in understanding the nature and significance of imaging abnormalities. This chapter reviews computed tomography and MRI techniques (including angiography and advanced sequences), specialized protocols for investigating specific diagnoses, risks associated with imaging, disease-specific imaging findings with general strategies for interpretation, and incidental findings and artifacts. Figures include computed tomography, T1- and T2-weighted signal intensity, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging in epilepsy and dementia, extra-axial versus intra-axial lesions, typical lesions of multiple sclerosis, spinal imaging, spinal pathology, vascular pathology, intracranial hemorrhage, and common imaging artifacts. Tables list Hounsfield units, patterns of enhancement from imaging, advanced techniques in imaging, magnetic resonance imaging sequences, and the evolution of cerebral infarction and intraparenchymal hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging. This chapter contains 213 references.

Neuroimaging for the Clinician

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P Klein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Imaging

Modern neuroimaging has revolutionized the practice of neurology by allowing visualization and monitoring of evolving pathophysiologic processes. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now resolve structural abnormalities on a near-cellular level. Advances in functional imaging can assess the in vivo metabolic, vascular, and functional states of neuronal and glial populations in real time. Given the high density of data obtained from neuroimaging studies, it is essential for the clinician to take an active role in understanding the nature and significance of imaging abnormalities. This chapter reviews computed tomography and MRI techniques (including angiography and advanced sequences), specialized protocols for investigating specific diagnoses, risks associated with imaging, disease-specific imaging findings with general strategies for interpretation, and incidental findings and artifacts. Figures include computed tomography, T1- and T2-weighted signal intensity, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging in epilepsy and dementia, extra-axial versus intra-axial lesions, typical lesions of multiple sclerosis, spinal imaging, spinal pathology, vascular pathology, intracranial hemorrhage, and common imaging artifacts. Tables list Hounsfield units, patterns of enhancement from imaging, advanced techniques in imaging, magnetic resonance imaging sequences, and the evolution of cerebral infarction and intraparenchymal hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging. This review contains 12 figures, 6 tables, and 213 references.

Neuroimaging for the Clinician

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P Klein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Imaging

Modern neuroimaging has revolutionized the practice of neurology by allowing visualization and monitoring of evolving pathophysiologic processes. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now resolve structural abnormalities on a near-cellular level. Advances in functional imaging can assess the in vivo metabolic, vascular, and functional states of neuronal and glial populations in real time. Given the high density of data obtained from neuroimaging studies, it is essential for the clinician to take an active role in understanding the nature and significance of imaging abnormalities. This chapter reviews computed tomography and MRI techniques (including angiography and advanced sequences), specialized protocols for investigating specific diagnoses, risks associated with imaging, disease-specific imaging findings with general strategies for interpretation, and incidental findings and artifacts. Figures include computed tomography, T1- and T2-weighted signal intensity, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging in epilepsy and dementia, extra-axial versus intra-axial lesions, typical lesions of multiple sclerosis, spinal imaging, spinal pathology, vascular pathology, intracranial hemorrhage, and common imaging artifacts. Tables list Hounsfield units, patterns of enhancement from imaging, advanced techniques in imaging, magnetic resonance imaging sequences, and the evolution of cerebral infarction and intraparenchymal hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging. This chapter contains 213 references.

Systematic Analysis and Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Reconstruction Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penta Anil Kumar ◽  
R. Gunasundari ◽  
R. Aarthi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Mri Reconstruction ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the field of medical diagnostic imaging as it poses non-invasive acquisition and high soft-tissue contrast. However, the huge time is needed for the MRI scanning process that results in motion artifacts, degrades image quality, misinterpretation of data, and may cause uncomfortable to the patient. Thus, the main goal of MRI research is to accelerate data acquisition processing without affecting the quality of the image. Introduction: This paper presents a survey based on distinct conventional MRI reconstruction methodologies. In addition, a novel MRI reconstruction strategy is proposed based on weighted Compressive Sensing (CS), Penalty-aided minimization function, and Meta-heuristic optimization technique. Methods: An illustrative analysis is done concerning adapted methods, datasets used, execution tools, performance measures, and values of evaluation metrics. Moreover, the issues of existing methods and the research gaps considering conventional MRI reconstruction schemes are elaborated to obtain improved contribution for devising significant MRI reconstruction techniques. Results: The proposed method will reduce conventional aliasing artifacts problems, may attain lower Mean Square Error (MSE), higher Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) index. Conclusion: The issues of existing methods and the research gaps considering conventional MRI reconstruction schemes are elaborated to devising an improved significant MRI reconstruction technique.

Neurometabolic Diseases in Children: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Features

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Direnç Özlem Aksoy ◽  
Alpay Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neurometabolic Disorders ◽  
Brain Involvement ◽  
The Brain

Background: Neurometabolic diseases are a group of diseases secondary to disorders in different metabolic pathways, which lead to white and/or gray matter of the brain involvement. </P><P> Discussion: Neurometabolic disorders are divided in two groups as dysmyelinating and demyelinating diseases. Because of wide spectrum of these disorders, there are many different classifications of neurometabolic diseases. We used the classification according to brain involvement areas. In radiological evaluation, MRI provides useful information for these disseases. Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) provides additional metabolic information for diagnosis and follow ups in childhood with neurometabolic diseases.

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