When cognitive control is calibrated: Event-related potential correlates of adapting to information-processing conflict despite erroneous response preparation

The adverse effects of depression on patients’ life have been reported but information about its effects on the sequential organization of the information processing stages remains poorly understood as previous studies focused only on distinct stages. This study adds to existing knowledge by examining the effect of major depressive disorder (MDD) on the sequential organization of information processing, executive and community functioning. Fifty-seven participants with 19 participants each for first episode depression (FMDD), recurrent episodes depression (RMDD), and healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. They completed assessments on executive and community functioning measures, and choice reaction time task (CRTT) for the event-related potential (ERP) data. Findings revealed no significant between-group difference in executive functioning but participants with depression (FMDD and RMDD) were found to be more depressed, with FMDD participants having worse community functioning skills compared with HCs. There was no significant between-group main effect on behavioral data. ERP data showed significantly less positive-going P3b among RMDD participants compared with HCs. FMDD participants used a different information processing strategy at P1, while HCs and RMDD participants used a different processing strategy at N2b compared with the other group(s), respectively. The results suggest the use of multifaceted assessment to get a holistic view of the health status of people with MDD in order to inform clinicians on the appropriate interventional strategies needed for the patient.

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On the interrelation of 1/f neural noise and norepinephrine system activity during motor response inhibition

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00701.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (5) ◽

pp. 1633-1643 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maik Pertermann ◽

Moritz Mückschel ◽

Nico Adelhöfer ◽

Tjalf Ziemssen ◽

Christian Beste

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Cognitive Control ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Pupil Diameter ◽

Human Information Processing ◽

System Activity ◽

Neural Noise ◽

Control Processes ◽

Norepinephrine System

Several lines of evidence suggest that there is a close interrelation between the degree of noise in neural circuits and the activity of the norepinephrine (NE) system, yet the precise nexus between these aspects is far from being understood during human information processing and cognitive control in particular. We examine this nexus during response inhibition in n = 47 healthy participants. Using high-density EEG recordings, we estimate neural noise by calculating “1/ f noise” of those data and integrate these EEG parameters with pupil diameter data as an established indirect index of NE system activity. We show that neural noise is reduced when cognitive control processes to inhibit a prepotent/automated response are exerted. These neural noise variations were confined to the theta frequency band, which has also been shown to play a central role during response inhibition and cognitive control. There were strong positive correlations between the 1 /f neural noise parameter and the pupil diameter data within the first 250 ms after the Nogo stimulus presentation at centro-parietal electrode sites. No such correlations were evident during automated responding on Go trials. Source localization analyses using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography show that inferior parietal areas are activated in this time period in Nogo trials. The data suggest an interrelation of NE system activity and neural noise within early stages of information processing associated with inferior parietal areas when cognitive control processes are required. The data provide the first direct evidence for the nexus between NE system activity and the modulation of neural noise during inhibitory control in humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study showing that there is a nexus between norepinephrine system activity and the modulation of neural noise or scale-free neural activity during inhibitory control in humans. It does so by integrating pupil diameter data with analysis of EEG neural noise.

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Temporal correlates of intuition and cognitive control in moral decision, making in different social contexts

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.229 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S140-S140

Author(s):

F. Keshvari ◽

Z. Rezvani ◽

F. Ghassemi ◽

H. Pouretemad

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Cognitive Control ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Moral Dilemmas ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Social Response ◽

Moral Decision ◽

Moral Decision Making ◽

High Conflict

In the stream of flurry of publications grappling different paradigms to tackle underlying mechanisms of moral decision-making, EVENT RELATED POTENtial (ERP) studies is beginning to explore psychophysiological components in the moral domain, focused on observing various moral behaviors in the experimental situations. This research was aimed at providing a new method of study investigating neural correlates of subjective moral decision-making in which we hypothesize that the social congruent or in-congruent context, could emerge a salience brain response in intuitive or cognitive control related responses toward moral dilemmas. Electrophysiological data were recorded from the scalp a 32-channel recording system complying with the international 10–20 system. The average N2 (175–300 ms) and LPP (300–600 ms) amplitude and latency were measured after the onset of putative counterpart response. Repeated measure ANOVA revealed that there was a difference between congruent versus in-congruent social response to high conflict scenarios in LPP amplitude in right lateral and frontal electrodes F(4, 174) = 5.812, P < 0.001 (Fig. 1). The findings also, suggest that N2 latency in less conflict moral scenarios may appear earlier compared with high conflict moral scenarios during in congruent social response in frontal electrodes especially left area F(3, 174) = 3.013, P < 0.05 (Fig. 2, figures are not available for this abstract). In conclusion, these results were either extend previous neurophysiological findings on classic moral scenarios and consistent with the notion that right hemisphere would be much more representative of cognitive control process during high conflict moral decision-making, while left frontal electrodes engaged in early intuitive process.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Cognitive Control Deficits in Alcohol Dependence Are a Trait- and State-Dependent Biomarker: An ERP Study

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.606891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaohong Liu ◽

Hongliang Zhou ◽

Chenguang Jiang ◽

Yanling Xue ◽

Zhenhe Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Control Function ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Oddball Paradigm ◽

Group Level ◽

Auditory Oddball ◽

State Dependent ◽

Simple Effect ◽

Time Point

Alcohol dependence (AD) presents cognitive control deficits. Event-related potential (ERP) P300 reflects cognitive control-related processing. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cognitive control deficits are a trait biomarker or a state biomarker in AD. Participants included 30 AD patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs). All participants were measured with P300 evoked by a three-stimulus auditory oddball paradigm at a normal state (time 1, i.e., just after the last alcohol intake) and abstinence (time 2, i.e., just after a 4-week abstinence). The results showed that for P3a and P3b amplitude, the interaction effect for group × time point was significant, the simple effect for group at time 1 level and time 2 level was significant, and the simple effect for time point at AD group level was significant; however, the simple effect for time point at HC group level was not significant. Above results indicated that compared to HCs, AD patients present reductions of P3a/3b amplitude, and after 4-week alcohol abstinence, although P3a/3b amplitudes were improved, they were still lower than those of HCs. For P3a and P3b latencies, no significant differences were observed. These findings conclude that AD patients present cognitive control deficits that are reflected by P3a/3b and that cognitive control deficits in AD are trait- and state-dependent. The implication of these findings is helpful to understand the psychological and neural processes for AD, and these findings suggest that improving the cognitive control function may impact the treatment effect for AD.

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1088 – ECT and information processing in patients with treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders assessed by event-related potential P300

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(13)76198-4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

K. Dapsys ◽

A. Šiurkutė ◽

R. Kaukėnas ◽

V. Mačiulis

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Treatment Resistant

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Manipulation of event-related potential manifestations of information processing stages

Science ◽

10.1126/science.7134983 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 218 (4575) ◽

pp. 909-911 ◽

Cited By ~ 220

Author(s):

W Ritter ◽

R Simson ◽

H. Vaughan ◽

M Macht

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Event Related Potential

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the Effect of Quetiapine on Auditory p300 Response in Patients with Schizoaffective Disorder: Preliminary Study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71364-1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

M. Korostenskaja ◽

K. Dapsys ◽

A. Siurkute ◽

A. Dudlauskaite ◽

A. Pragaraviciene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Schizoaffective Disorder ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Oddball Paradigm ◽

P300 Latency ◽

Auditory Information ◽

Auditory Oddball ◽

Auditory P300 ◽

Active Attention ◽

Auditory Information Processing

Abnormalities in attention, memory and information processing are considered to be the primary deficits in schizophrenia. Event-related potential (ERP) P300 could reflect deficits in auditory information processing related to active attention in schizophrenia patients. Atypical antipsychotics tend to ameliorate cognitive deficits, however their effects on neural aspects of cognitive dysfunction have not been consistent.Aim:To investigate the effects of quetiapine on auditory information processing by using auditory P300.Methods:We examined 7 patients with schizoaffective disorder, depressive type and 7 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. ERPs were elicited during active auditory “oddball” paradigm. P300 was recorded before and after two weeks of treatment with quetiapine (468.7±143 mg/day).Results:Baseline P300 latencies were significantly delayed in patients compared with controls. Quetiapine did not change P300 amplitudes. However, it normalized P300 latency. These results suggest that already after two weeks of treatment, quetiapine could have a beneficial effect on the active attention reflected in P300 in patients with schizoaffective disorder. Previous studies with antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine and risperidone failed to show changes in P300 after this treatment interval.Conclusion:Quetiapine may be faster than other neuroleptics in ameliorating attentional dysfunction in patients with schizoaffective disorder. However, studies with a larger sample size must be conducted in order to confirm or reject the results of the current study.

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Fractionating the Cognitive Control Required to Bring About a Change in Task: A Dense-sensor Event-related Potential Study

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2008.20015 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 255-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Duncan E. Astle ◽

G. M. Jackson ◽

R. Swainson

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Task Switching ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Overt Response ◽

Control Functions ◽

Basic Task ◽

Physical Response ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Covert Response

The ability to change our behavior is one that we frequently exert, although determining the mechanisms by which we do so is far from trivial. Task switching is a useful experimental paradigm for studying cognitive control functions. Switching between tasks is associated with a decrement in performance, or “switch-cost,” relative to repeating the same task. We have previously demonstrated that this cost is dependent on switching from performing one task to performing another; changing only our intended performance does not elicit the same performance deficit. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we dissociated two electrophysiological indices mirroring this behavioral distinction [Astle, D. E., Jackson, G. M., & Swainson, R. Dissociating neural indices of dynamic cognitive control in advance task-set preparation: An ERP study of task switching. Brain Res, 1125, 94–103, 2006]. However, what was unclear were the specific aspects of performance that were critical for triggering the neural mechanisms associated specifically with switching from a previously performed task. Two candidate aspects were: (i) that performance required a physical response and (ii) that the two tasks shared their responses (they had bivalent response mappings). The present study therefore compared three separate groups to explore the effects of these different aspects of performance. Each group completed the same basic task-switching paradigm, but with either an overt response or covert response, and either switching between tasks that shared their responses (bivalent response mappings) or had separate responses (univalent response mappings). When comparing precue-locked ERPs, we observed three separable components: one common to all three groups, one which primarily dissociated overt from covert responding, and one which primarily dissociated bivalent from univalent responding. We therefore concluded that changing our behavior engages at least three dissociable mechanisms. Interestingly, in the overt conditions, residual switch-costs were absent; in addition, therefore, we concluded that it is possible to engage cognitive control in advance, such that the new behavior is as efficient as were the subject to have repeated the old behavior.

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