Dopamine Inhibition of the Release of Endogenous Acetylcholine from Corpus Striatum and Cerebral Cortex in Tissue Slices and Synaptosomes: A Presynaptic Response?

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Belleroche ◽  
J. Coutinho-Netto ◽  
H. F. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Corpus Striatum ◽  
Tissue Slices

scholarly journals Accumulation of inositol polyphosphate isomers in agonist-stimulated cerebral-cortex slices. Comparison with metabolic profiles in cell-free preparations

1989 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
I H Batty ◽  
A J Letcher ◽  
S R Nahorski
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Inositol 1 ◽  
Agonist Stimulation ◽  
Cortex Slices ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1. Basal and carbachol-stimulated accumulations of isomeric [3H]inositol mono-, bis-, tris- and tetrakis-phosphates were examined in rat cerebral-cortex slices labelled with myo-[2-3H]inositol. 2. In control samples the major [3H]inositol phosphates detected were co-eluted on h.p.l.c. with Ins(1)P, Ins(4)P (inositol 1- and 4-monophosphate respectively), Ins(1,4)P2 (inositol 1,4-bisphosphate), Ins(1,4,5)P3 (inositol 1,4,5-tris-phosphate) and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 (inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate). 3. After stimulation to steady state with carbachol, accumulation of each of these products was markedly increased. 4. Agonist stimulation, however, also evoked much more dramatic increased accumulations of a second [3H]inositol trisphosphate, which was co-eluted on h.p.l.c. with authentic Ins(1,3,4)P3 (inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate) and of three further [3H]inositol bisphosphates ([3H]InsP2(s]. 5. Examination of the latter by chemical degradation by periodate oxidation and/or h.p.l.c. allowed identification of these as [3H]Ins(1,3)P2, [3H]Ins(3,4)P2 and [3H]Ins(4,5)P2 (inositol 1,3-, 3,4- and 4,5-bisphosphates respectively), which respectively accounted for about 22%, 8% and 3% of total [3H]InsP2 in extracts from stimulated tissue slices. 6. By using a h.p.l.c. method which clearly resolves Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 and Ins(1,3,4,6)P4 (inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate), only the former isomer could be detected in extracts from either control or stimulated tissue slices. Similarly, [3H]inositol pentakis- and hexakis-phosphates were not detectable either in the presence or absence of carbachol under the radiolabelling conditions described. 7. The catabolism of [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 and [3H]Ins(1,3,4)P3 by cell-free preparations from cerebral cortex was also studied. 8. In the presence of Mg2+, [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 was specifically dephosphorylated via [3H]Ins(1,4)P2 and [3H]Ins(4)P to free [3H]inositol, whereas [3H]Ins(1,3,4)P3 was degraded via [3H]Ins(3,4)P2 and, to a lesser extent, via [3H]Ins(1,3)P2 to D- and/or L-[3H]Ins(1)P and [3H]inositol. 9. In the presence of EDTA, hydrolysis of [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 was greater than or equal to 95% inhibited, whereas [3H]Ins(1,3,4)P3 was still degraded, but yielded only a single [3H]InsP2 identified as [3H]Ins(1,3)P2. 10. The significance of these observations with cell-free preparations is discussed in relation to the proportions of the separate isomeric [3H]inositol phosphates measured in stimulated tissue slices.

Effects of Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganji on the Levels of Monoamines and Their Related Substances, and Acetylcholine in Discrete Brain Regions of Mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadanobu ltoh ◽  
Seisuke Michijiri ◽  
Shigeo Murai ◽  
Hiroko Saito ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Corpus Striatum ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Related Substances

The effects of the extract powder (CggT) from Chaihu-Guizhi-Gajiang-Tang (Saiko-keishi-kankyo-to, in Japanese) on the monoamines and their related substances and the acetylcholine in mouse brain were examined. 1) A single administration of CggT significantly increased the levels of HVA and 5-HIAA in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, corpus striatum and hippocampus at 75 mg/kg, and those in the hypothalamus, corpus striatum and hippocampus at 750 mg/kg. 2) The repeated administration of CggT significantly increased the level of 5-HT in the hippocampus at 75 mg/kg, and the levels of 5-HT in the corpus striatum and of NE and 5-HT in the hippocampus at 750 mg/kg. 3) The level of ACh was significantly increased in the hypothalamus alone after single administration of CggT. These findings suggest that CggT stimulates function of the dopaminergic and serotonergic nervous systems in mice, but not most of the NEnergic and cholinergic nervous systems.

Characteristics and displaceability of neurotensin binding sites in the rat cerebral cortex and corpus striatum

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Awad ◽  
Camille F. Nassar ◽  
Marwan S. Tabbara ◽  
Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa ◽  
Nayef E. Saadé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Corpus Striatum ◽  
Rat Cerebral Cortex

THE EFFECTS OF ANOXIA ON THE METABOLISM OF HUMAN FETAL TISSUES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude A. Villee ◽  
Dwain D. Hagerman ◽  
Nils Holmberg ◽  
John Lind ◽  
Dorothy B. Villee
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Human Fetal Tissues

The problem of any organism surviving under anaerobic conditions is to convert the potential energy of its substrate molecules into biologically useful energy without having to use molecular oxygen. The resistance of the fetal and newborn mammal to hypoxia might depend upon some unique chemical reaction, upon quantitative differences in the rates of certain enzymatic reactions common to fetal and adult tissues, or upon a lower rate of cellular metabolism in fetal tissues. These experiments with human fetal tissues favor the second of these three possibilities. Tissue slices of human liver, cerebral cortex, brain stem, heart, lung, kidney and skeletal muscle were incubated in a medium containing C14 labeled glucose, fructose, pyruvic acid or acetic acid. These experiments showed that there is a fourfold greater rate of glycolysis in fetal liver midway through gestation under anaerobic conditions than under aerobic conditions. In contrast, the rate of lipogenesis under anaerobic conditions was only one-tenth as great as the rate under aerobic conditions. Experiments revealed that after a slice of liver or cerebral cortex had spent a full hour in complete anoxia, its ability to synthesize fatty acids and to oxidize substances by way of the Krebs cycle was essentially unimpaired. All of the experiments were designed to test the maximal activity of the enzyme systems involved. An excess of substrate was provided so that the activity of the cellular enzymes, and not the concentration of the substrate, was the ratelimiting factor. These experiments provide an estimate of the upper limit of the metabolic activity of the tissue in oxygen and in nitrogen. They do not provide an estimate of metabolic rates in vivo. Observations on human tissues near term showed that the rate of aerobic lipogenesis was much less than that observed in tissues of younger fetuses. This was equally true with labeled glucose, pyruvate and acetate as substrates. The pattern of lipogenesis is comparable to that in the liver of a rat 24 hours after parturition and not to the pattern which obtains in the rat just before birth. The rate of anaerobic lipogenesis is substantially less than that under aerobic conditions. These observations may be correlated with the idea that the newborn rat is more immature than the newborn human. These experiments indicate that lipogenesis is of no significance in the ability of the human fetus one half way through gestation to withstand hypoxia, for under anaerobic conditions lipogenesis is decreased whereas glycolysis is increased.

Viscoelastic Property Changes of Acute Rat Brain Tissue Slices as a Function of Cell Viability

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Jin Lee ◽  
Jingjing Sun ◽  
Michael King ◽  
Huikai Xie ◽  
Malisa Sarntinoranont
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Rat Brain Tissue ◽  
Brain Tissues

Changes in mechanical properties within brain tissues after losses in cell viability have not been well investigated. Lack of oxygen and nutrient transport can induce hypoxic neuronal injury and increase cell membrane permeability, and cell membranes and matrix components can lose their structural and mechanical integrity. These physical changes may have an effect on mechanical properties of brain tissue [1]. In this study, the viscoelastic behavior of two anatomical regions (cerebral cortex and hippocampus) in acute rat brain tissue slices were measured as a function of cell viability using indentation combined with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Neuronal viability in brain tissue slices was determined by measuring Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining to assay neuronal death or degeneration as a function of incubation time. OCT-measured deformation depths were compared with finite element (FE) simulations to estimate the relaxation of shear modulus. Measured equilibrium shear modulus (μ∞) after 8 hrs incubation was lower than μ∞ measured after 2 hrs incubation in the cerebral cortex (μ∞, 2hrs = 225 Pa, μ∞, 8hrs = 62 Pa) and hippocampus regions (μ∞, 2hrs = 170 Pa, μ∞, 8hrs = 33 Pa). Instantaneous shear modulus (μ0) after 8 hrs incubation was also an order of magnitude lower than μ0 after 2 hrs incubation in cortex (μ0, 2hrs = 1600 Pa, μ0, 8hrs = 100 Pa) and hippocampus regions (μ0, 2hrs = 370 Pa, μ0, 8hrs = 70 Pa). The results of this study provide a timeline for measuring mechanical properties of brain tissues ex vivo and provide better understanding of changes in brain modulus after injury or cell death.

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