Desired Family-Size Correlates for Single Undergraduates

1977 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Haskell
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Male Role ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Religious Preference ◽  
Desired Family Size

Some single Caucasian undergraduates of Protestant religious preference, 115 men and 105 women, were tested to find correlates of, and to compare social-psychological to demographic variables in predicting, subjects' desired family sizes. Men had a mean desired family size of 2.04 children and women, 1.91 children. Women seem more accepting of childless families than men, perhaps perceiving new attractiveness in careers. Men and women wanting small families are less religious and are from smaller families. These men are more anxious and lower in need achievement, and the women have a less traditional sex-role self-concept. Women may see larger families as confirming a traditional sex-role, while men may see them confirming an achievement-oriented, possibly traditional, male role. Demographic variables, which best predict desired family size, may represent the continued influence of subjects' family backgrounds. However, social-psychological variables may also become important desired family-size influences as women enter their early twenties.

The Living Arrangements of Older Residents: The Role of Gender, Marital Status, Age, and Family Size

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Connidis ◽  
Judith Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Respondent Characteristic

ABSTRACTThis paper reports findings from a study of 400 community-dwelling persons aged 65 and over. The stratified random sample resides in a city in Ontario, Canada, with a population of 260,000. A profile of their living arrangements is presented and then analysed with respect to respondent characteristics. Each of gender, marital status, and age are related to living arrangements at statistically significant levels, but control analyses indicate that gender is the most salient respondent characteristic. The authors argue that these observed gender differences in living arrangements are a reflection of sex role differences in today's older population. To the extent that these roles change, so too will the living arrangements of men and women. For both the present and future, differences by gender must be taken into account in housing and income policies.

Self-Perceived Age Changes in Sex Role Self Concept

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thomas Puglisi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Perceived Age

A prospective/retrospective study of sex role self concept was conducted in order to explore the hypothesis that adult men and women experience a convergence of sex roles in later life. Young (age seventeen to twenty-nine), middle aged (age thirty to fifty-nine), and older (age sixty to eighty-five) adults (twenty-one male, forty-one female in each group) rated themselves on Bern Sex Role Inventory items, first describing themselves at age twenty, next at age forty-five, and finally at age seventy. Self-perceived age changes in sex role self concept reported by these three groups of adults produced strikingly similar patterns. In each case, both men and women evidenced high masculine self descriptions related to middle age (projected age forty-five) followed by decreases in masculinity in later life (projected age seventy). Only the projections of middle aged respondents displayed even marginally significant evidence in favor of sex role convergence.

Fertility, family size preferences and future fertility prospects of men in the western area of Sierra Leone

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fertility Behaviour ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Current Fertility ◽  
Completed Family Size ◽  
Desired Family Size

SummaryThis paper examines the current fertility of men and women in the Western area of Sierra Leone and the prospects for future fertility behaviour. Probably due to the effect of rapid economic decline in Sierra Leone since 1980, the desired family size has fallen. But indications are that the preferred completed family size is lower than the desired family size

scholarly journals Application of Double Hurdle Model on Effects of Demographics for Tea Consumption in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lingwen Chen ◽  
Xi Guan ◽  
Jingying Zhuo ◽  
Hua Han ◽  
Munishi Gasper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Hurdle Model ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Double Hurdle Model ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Double Hurdle

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of demographic variables on tea consumption in China. A total of 12,745 samples collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2011 and a double hurdle model were used to analyze the effects of demographic variables on the extent of tea participation and consumption quantity for men and women. The results of this study indicate that the effects of demographic variables differ between genders in terms of tea participation decisions and consumption quantity decisions. For men, education, family size, region, and employment status were found to exert different effects on participation and consumption quantity decisions; for women, age, education, region, employment status, having elderly individuals in the home, and urbanization exerted different effects on their tea participation and consumption decisions. The most obvious difference between variables affecting men and women pertained to age, family size, and having elderly individuals in the home. The perspectives of each gender, coupled with the double hurdle model used in this study, offer important insights.

scholarly journals Preferences, Partners, and Parenthood: Linking Early Fertility Desires, Marriage Timing, and Achieved Fertility

Demography ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1975-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Nitsche ◽  
Sarah R. Hayford
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Family Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Marriage Timing ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fertility Desires ◽  
Desired Family Size ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the United States, underachieving fertility desires is more common among women with higher levels of education and those who delay first marriage beyond their mid-20s. However, the relationship between these patterns, and particularly the degree to which marriage postponement explains lower fertility among the highly educated, is not well understood. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort to analyze differences in parenthood and achieved parity for men and women, focusing on the role of marriage timing in achieving fertility goals over the life course. We expand on previous research by distinguishing between entry into parenthood and average parity among parents as pathways to underachieving, by considering variation in the impact of marriage timing by education and by stage of the life course, and by comparing results for men and women. We find that women with a bachelor’s degree who desired three or more children are less likely to become mothers relative to women with the same desired family size who did not attend college. Conditional on becoming mothers, however, women with at least a bachelor’s degree do not have lower completed family size. No comparable fatherhood difference by desired family size is present. Postponing marriage beyond age 30 is associated with lower proportions of parenthood but not with lower parity among parents. Age patterns are similar for women and men, pointing at social rather than biological factors driving the underachievement of fertility goals.

scholarly journals The Effects of Social Psychological Variables and Gender on the Grade Point Averages and Educational Expectations of University Students: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
Rodney A. Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Grade Point Average ◽  
Educational Expectations ◽  
Grade Point Averages ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
The Social

This paper uses a social psychological model to examine the educational attainment and expectations of 569 male and female Education students enrolled in a major university in Western Canada. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the effects of gender on six social psychological variables (positive affect, negative affect, interaction with students, interaction with professors, motivation, and self-concept of ability) and the effects of gender and the social psychological variables on the students' grade point averages and educational expectations. In comparison with males, females had higher positive affect and more positive motivation. Two of the social psychological variables, self-concept of ability and interaction with students, had strong effects on grade point average and slightly weaker effects on educational expectations. When the interaction effects of gender and the social psychological variables were added to the analyses, slight increases in the explained variance in grade point average and educational expectations were evident. Females had slightly higher grade point averages than males and males had slightly higher educational expectations than females.

Sex Role and Attitudinal Correlates of Desired Family Size

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice H. Eagly ◽  
Pamela Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Desired Family Size

FAMILY SIZE AND SEX PREFERENCES AND EVENTUAL FERTILITY IN BOTSWANA

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUGENE K. CAMPBELL ◽  
PUNI G. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fertility Preferences ◽  
Sex Preferences ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Desired Family Size

Botswana is one of the sub-Saharan countries where actual fertility has declined. This study examines the fertility preferences of both men and women and shows that fertility intentions have a significant influence on future fertility behaviour. Fertility preferences are relatively low and there is no significant difference between those of men and women. Men's preference for sons influences desired family size and eventual fertility. For women as well as men, child survival is an important factor. Women's income is also influential.

Stereotype Internalization, Math Perceptions, and Occupational Choices of Women With Counter-Stereotypical University Majors

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Bonnot ◽  
Jean-Claude Croizet
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Occupational Choices ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Performance Expectancies ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Stereotype Endorsement

Based on Eccles’ (1987) model of academic achievement-related decisions, we tested whether women, who are engaged in mathematical fields at university, have internalized, to some extent, the stereotype about women’s inferiority in math. The results indicate that men and women do not assess their ability self-concept, subjective value of math, or performance expectancies differently. However, women’s degree of stereotype endorsement has a negative impact on their ability self-concept and their performance expectancies, but does not affect their value of the math domain. Moreover, members of both genders envisage stereotypical careers after university graduation.

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