Sex Role Orientation, Cognitive Flexibility, and Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Windle
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Role Orientations ◽  
Median Split ◽  
Interaction Term

Bem's Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1974) was employed to categorize 101 older adults into masculine, feminine, androgynous, and undifferentiated sex role orientations. Relationships among these sex role orientations and cognitive flexibility and life satisfaction were explored. Additionally, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the contributions of masculinity, femininity, and the interaction term (masculinity x femininity) in the prediction of cognitive flexibility and life satisfaction. These older adults did not vary significantly in either their cognitive flexibility or their life satisfaction as a function of their sex role categorization, nor was an appreciable percentage of variance accounted for by the predictor variables in the regression analyses. Issues are raised regarding the validity of the typological (median-split based) approaches used by researchers to assess expectations of the differentiation of masculine and feminine components in older adults. An alternative structural developmental approach, based on a factor-analytic methodology, is proposed.

Relationships between Cognitive Flexibility and Sex-Role Orientation in Young Adults

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bruce Carter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Cognitive Correlates ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Role Orientations

This study examined relationships between sex-role orientation and cognitive flexibility in young adults, specifically, differences in cognitive flexibility between persons with different sex-role orientations and the contributions of masculinity and femininity to the differences observed. A sample of 100 men and 100 women completed the Bern Sex-role Inventory and a test of cognitive flexibility. Androgynous individuals were expected to exhibit greater cognitive flexibility than traditionally sex-typed, i.e., masculine and feminine, or undifferentiated individuals. Men scored significantly higher on this measure than women. Androgynous individuals, as predicted, were cognitively more flexible than were feminine or undifferentiated individuals, but no differences emerged between androgynous and masculine persons. Further study of cognitive correlates of sex-role orientation seem appropriate.

Machover Revisited: Impact of Sex-Role Orientation on Sex Sequence on the Draw-a-Person Test

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Paludi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Diagnostic Use ◽  
Role Orientations ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Figure Drawings

A significant relationship was obtained between sex of first figure drawn on the Draw-A-Person test and sex-role orientation, as operationalized by scores on the Bern Sex-role Inventory of 76 male and 93 female introductory psychology students. The most striking finding was that most of the women who drew the opposite-sex figure first were “feminine.” To the extent that sex-role orientations can be empirically amalgamated with sex sequence, subsequent theory and research into clinical and diagnostic use of human figure drawings would increase in precision.

Sex-Role Orientation of College Students and Their Same-Sex Parents

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy J. Karylowski ◽  
William Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Role Orientations ◽  
Same Sex Parents

The study examined similarities and differences between sex-role orientations of college students and their same-sex parents. College undergraduates filled out the Bem Sex-role Inventory twice: once to describe themselves and the second time to describe their same-sex parents. The inventory was also used to obtain parental self-reports. Compared to their perceptions of their same-sex parents, male students described themselves as more feminine and female students described themselves as more masculine. Also, male students described their fathers as less feminine and female students described their mothers as both less masculine and less feminine than the parents described themselves. Students' femininity scores correlated significantly with the parental femininity scores both actual and perceived, however, no consistent relationship was found for the masculinity scores. Androgynous students and students with the reversed sex-role orientation perceived their parents as androgynous and reversed, respectively.

The Influence of Gender, Marital Status and Sex Role Orientation on Life Satisfaction

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavithra Mandappa ◽  
Emily Wells ◽  
Heather J. Bachman ◽  
Lynda L. Cafasso
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation

Hypermasculinity and Academic Goal-Setting: An Exploratory Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terell P. Lasane ◽  
William L. Howard ◽  
Alexander M. Czopp ◽  
Peter N. Sweigard ◽  
Gary G. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Academic Behaviors ◽  
Role Orientations

The relation between gender-role percepts and academic goal-setting was explored. An inventory examining the aspects of masculinity that would facilitate or inhibit academic goal-setting was developed based on a literature review of how masculinity relates to academic behaviors. A diverse sample of students (120 male, 147 female, 14 not indicating sex) was measured on three aspects of sex and academic goal-setting behavior. Factor analysis confirmed the content validity of masculine factors having facilitative (Mastery Competitiveness) and inhibitory (Antisocial Competitiveness) academic properties. Regression analyses indicated that sex-role orientations (Competitiveness and Hypermasculinity) significantly predicted academic goal-setting behaviors ( R2 = .136). Finally, men scored higher than women on the subscales measuring Hypermasculinity and Antisocial or Competitiveness, while there were no sex differences on the Mastery Competitiveness subscale. The implications of these findings and suggestions for research are discussed.

Sex-Role Orientations of Female NCAA Championship Gymnasts

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Edwards ◽  
Richard D. Gordin ◽  
Keith P. Henschen
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Normative Sample ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Role Orientations ◽  
Female Gymnasts

84 female gymnasts at the 1982 National Collegiate Athletic Association National Gymnastics Championships completed the Bern Sex-role Inventory. The data were compared with previously published data on sex-role orientations of female athletes and nonathletes. The gymnasts' sex-role orientations were significantly different from both the normative sample of college students and the previously published sex-role orientations of track and field athletes. These results support the hypothesis that sex-role orientation may be a major determinant in the choice to participate in some women's sports.

Locus of Control and Traditional/Non-Traditional Sex-Role Orientations in a Sample of British Female Undergraduates

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammie Chasia ◽  
Isidore E. Eyo
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Role Perceptions ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Orientation Scores ◽  
Role Orientations

67 British female undergraduates were categorized as “traditional” ( n = 21), “mixed” ( n = 26), and “contemporary” ( n = 20) on the basis of their scores on two sex-role orientation scales. Relationships were then investigated between their locus of control and sex-role orientation scores. While some likelihood existed that the more traditional the subjects were in role orientation the more external they tended to be, sizeable proportions of both internals and externals were in all three categories. Locus of control could not be regarded as a major determinant of adherence or non-adherence to traditional sex-role perceptions. Caution in generalizing the results was therefore suggested. Moreover, the two sex-role orientation scales were differentially effective in separating internals and externals; a reexamination of scale contents was suggested.

Sex-Role Orientation, Stress, and Subsequent Health Status Demonstrated by Two Scoring Procedures for Bem's Scale

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Wech
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Median Split ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stress And Health

Correlations among sex-role orientation, stress, and health were examined. Masculine sex-typed subjects reported significantly fewer health problems than feminine subjects. Discussed are two scoring methods for Bem's scale, the original method and the difference/median split.

Sex-Role Orientations among Married Men in the Military: The Generational Factor

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Bowen ◽  
Peter A. Neenan
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Us Air Force ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Role Orientations ◽  
The Military ◽  
Egalitarian Attitudes

Drawing upon a probability sample of 928 US Air Force married men from 24 bases worldwide, the present study examined the extent to which variation in sex-role orientation is age-related. Parallel to findings in the civilian community, younger men in the military, as compared to their more senior peers, reported more egalitarian attitudes toward the roles of men and women in marriage and society.

Achievement Motivation and Sex-Role Orientation of High School Female Track and Field Athletes versus Nonathletes

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Henschen ◽  
S. W. Edwards ◽  
L. Mathinos
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Role Orientations ◽  
Female High School

To investigate the differences between female high school track and field athletes ( n = 67) and nonathletes ( n = 67) on level of achievement motivation on Mehrabian's Scale of Achieving Tendency and for sex-role orientation on the Bern Sex-role Inventory. Differences in achievement motivation between the athletes and nonathletes and among the four groups representing sex-role orientation were assessed by a 2 × 4 analysis of variance. Relationships among the dependent variables, namely, achievement motivation and scores on feminine, masculine, and androgynous scales of Bern's inventory were calculated using Pearson coefficients. Female athletes exhibited significantly higher achievement motivation than did the nonathletic girls. Also, high achievement motivation was related to androgynous and masculine sex roles, while low achievement motivation was associated with feminine and undifferentiated sex-role orientations.

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