Defining Disability for Women and the Problem of Unpaid Work

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan T. Reisine ◽  
Judith Fifield
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Family Work ◽  
The Family ◽  
Societal Expectations ◽  
Unpaid Family Work ◽  
Low Pay

National policy and much of scholarly research on disability overlook the importance of unpaid family work and instead focus on disability in paid work, largely in male samples. Because of societal expectations about appropriate social roles for men and women, women tend to assume responsibility for unpaid work in the family and also tend to have paid work that is characterized by low pay and limited autonomy. This article discusses the political, theoretical, and methodological issues relating to defining and measuring paid and unpaid work disability for women and men within the context of these structural factors. The results of a study analyzing disability in both paid work and unpaid family work among a sample of 206 women with rheumatoid arthritis are presented. The study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring disability in family work and shows that women experience significant limitations in homemaker functioning as well as in paid work roles.

scholarly journals Has the Economic Lockdown Following the Covid-19 Pandemic Changed the Gender Division of Labor in Israel?

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110012
Author(s):  
Meir Yaish ◽  
Hadas Mandel ◽  
Tali Kristal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Family ◽  
Allocation Of Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Families With Children

The economic shutdown and national lockdown following the outbreak of COVID-19 have increased demand for unpaid work at home, particularly among families with children, and reduced demand for paid work. Concurrently, the share of the workforce that has relocated its workplace to home has also increased. In this article, we examine the consequences of these processes for the allocation of time among paid work, housework, and care work for men and women in Israel. Using data on 2,027 Israeli adults whom we followed since the first week of March (before the spread of COVID-19), we focus on the effect of the second lockdown in Israel (in September) on the gender division of both paid and unpaid work. We find that as demand for housework caused by the lockdown increases, women—especially with children—increase their housework much more than men do, particularly when they work from home. The consequences of work from home and other flexible work arrangements for gender inequality within the family are discussed.

scholarly journals Lone mothers and paid work: the ‘family-work project’

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Millar ◽  
Tess Ridge
Keyword(s):  
Paid Work ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
The Family

Juxtaposing The Great Indian Kitchen and the Kudumbashree: Women, Work and Agency in Kerala

2021 ◽  
pp. 097370302110358
Author(s):  
Daigy Varghese ◽  
Shubha Ranganathan
Keyword(s):  
Young Woman ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Women's Agency ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women’S Agency ◽  
Household Labour

The recent Malayalam film ‘The great Indian kitchen’ invoked debate in Kerala on women’s unpaid work in the house. Taking off from this film, this commentary draws on ethnographic research with women participating in the Kudumbashree, a women’s empowerment programme in Kerala, to engage with questions of paid work, household labour and care arrangements within the household. While the film depicts the struggles of a newly wedded young woman in her in-laws’ house and how she leaves the marriage to follow her dreams, this article shifts the focus to the tactics and strategies used by women in their 40s and 50s who remain within the family fold. We look at the experiences of these women who negotiate work and care arrangements to meet their needs. In doing so, we seek to understand what these strategies say about the conceptualisation of women’s agency and independence, particularly in South Asian contexts.

scholarly journals Redistributional Policy in Rich Countries: Institutions and Impacts in Nonelderly Households

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet C. Gornick ◽  
Timothy M. Smeeding
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽  
Interhousehold Transfers ◽  
Policy Variation ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Low Pay ◽  
Cross National

We review research on institutions of redistribution operating in high-income countries. Focusing on the nonelderly, we invoke the concept of the household income package, which includes income from labor, from related households, and from the state. Accordingly, we assess three institutional arenas: predistribution (rules and regulations that govern paid work), private redistribution (interhousehold transfers), and conventional public redistribution (operating via cash transfers and direct taxes). In each arena, we assess underlying policy logics, identify current policy controversies, summarize contemporary cross-national policy variation, and synthesize existing findings on policy effects. Our assessment of redistributional effects focuses on three core socioeconomic outcomes: low pay, child poverty, and income inequality. We close by assessing how the three institutional arenas perform collectively and by calling for further work on how these institutions change over time and how they affect subgroups differentially.

Social and Familial Childrearing: An Examination of Daycare and the Modern Family

1983 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-397
Author(s):  
Carol S. Klass
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
National Policy ◽  
American Family ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Changing Patterns

American families' need for out-of-home childcare increases at an accelerated rate each year; yet our society lacks a policy for—and even a national commitment to—high-quality daycare. Such a national policy needs to be formulated within an examination of the tensions between social and familial childrearing. This essay explores these contextual issues from a historical perspective. The essay discusses: first, changes in the family as they relate to changes in the economy and polity; second, the role of the family as the basis for the young child's self-identity and internalization of society's values and practices; and third, the potential implications of changing patterns of the structure and functioning of the American family. Finally, the essay examines historical and current daycare policy and practice in relation to the family and the broader social structure.

scholarly journals Familjen i välfärdspolitiken

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stanfors
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Family

The role of the family in Swedish welfare policyIn the present article, I discuss the role of the family in Swedish welfare policy, from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. I analyse men’s and women’s time use and focus on the organization of paid and unpaid work. I describe how time allocation varies with gender, family status, and life cycle. The analysis shows that the family plays a more important role in practice than in theory, mainly through the fact that women perform more unpaid work (housework and caregiving) than men, which affects both their income and their well-being negatively. I argue that gender equality must be given a more prominent position in Swedish welfare policy. For example, family policy must be reformed, with gender equality on the labour market and in the home as an explicit goal. The present situation for working parents is different from that of previous decades when Swedish family policy was formulated. Reforms are thus necessary for safeguarding welfare and population well-being in the short and long run.

scholarly journals The structure of the patriotic consciousness of youth: the pedagogical aspect

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310
Author(s):  
Oksana Konstantinovna Pozdnyakova ◽  
Elena Leonidovna Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Components ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Behavioral Component ◽  
Consciousness Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Aspect ◽  
Systemic Development ◽  
Value Relations

In the framework of the younger generation patriotic education, a pedagogical task of young peoples patriotic consciousness development is being actualized. It is substantiated that the solution of this task requires clarification of the content of the notion young peoples patriotic consciousness, the meaning of which is understood when its structure and structural components content are revealed. Interpretations of patriotic consciousness are offered. They are proposed by modern Russian scientists who present it as a systemic development with its own structure. Structural components of the patriotic consciousness of youth are determined: a worldview component (knowledge, ideas, and views), an axiological component (values), a behavioral component (value relations). The possibility and necessity of the separation of these components is proved. The choice of specific concepts, values, and value relationships that form the content of the worldview, axiological, and behavioral components of the patriotic consciousness of youth is substantiated. The content of the ideological component of the patriotic consciousness of young people is revealed; it is formed by the knowledge, ideas, views on the concepts of patriotism, love for the Motherland, Motherland, small Motherland, Fatherland, patriot. In the context of understanding patriotism as a complex value represented through a set of values, it is proved that the content of the axiological component of youth patriotic consciousness is developed by the values of loyalty, heroism, pride in the Fatherland, duty, dignity, interest in the history of the Fatherland, culture, love of the country, courage, responsibility, family, tolerance, work, respect, honor. Valuable attitudes to the family, work, the Fatherland, culture are singled out as developing the content of the behavioral component of young peoples patriotic consciousness.

Family Estrangement

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Agllias
Keyword(s):  
Family System ◽  
Family Systems Theory ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Bowen Family Systems Theory ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Parental Alienation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Family ◽  
Grief Responses ◽  
The Impact

Family estrangement—a concept similar to emotional cutoff in Bowen family systems theory—is the unsatisfactory physical or emotional distancing between at least two family members. It is attributed to a number of biological, psychological, social, and structural factors affecting the family, including attachment disorders, incompatible values and beliefs, unfulfilled expectations, critical life events and transitions, parental alienation, and ineffective communication patterns. Family estrangement is often experienced as a considerable loss; its ambiguous nature and social disenfranchisement can contribute to significant grief responses, perceived stigma, and social isolation in some cases. The social-work profession has a role to play in raising social and political awareness of the prevalence of, contributors to, and effects of estrangement on the intergenerational family, with clinicians working to assess and address the impact of estrangement on individuals and the family system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document