IMAGE: a physically-based one dimensional irrigation management model for soil salinity control

Irrigation with Treated Wastewater (TWW) is a well-known and long-established agricultural practice in Palestine. Being a source of water and nutrients, long term use of TWW can lead to imbalances that affect plant development, soil, and groundwater quality. Consequently, irrigation frequency and interval should be properly scheduled, especially when Salts and Fertilizers (FS-TWW) cannot be separated from water.Physically based models may be relevant tools to support an adequate irrigation management with TWW for a simultaneous supply of water and fertilizers assessed pursuant to the effects of TWW on soil properties and water fluxes into and out of the root zone.The present research was conducted in the framework of Non Conventional WAter Re-use in Agriculture in MEditerranean countries (MENAWARA) ENI CBC Med project, with the aim to propose an alternative TWW irrigation management based on both water requirements and allowable thresholds of soil solution electrical conductivity (ECe), to prevent soil salinity using physically-based Hydrus-1D model.To this purpose, a case study in Beit Dajan cultivated with citrus and irrigated with TWW was selected to determine the long term effects of TWW on the soil and on root uptake, considering a two-year (2018-2019) simulations and generating two FS-TWW irrigation scenarios: 1) non-optimized salt supply (NONOPT-FS-TWW) where irrigation volumes fully satisfied crop evapotranspiration demand: 2) optimized salt supply (OPT-FS-TWW) accounting for crop evapotranspiration and respecting allowable thresholds of soil solution electrical conductivity (ECe) by assuming an average soil salinity tolerance in the root zone.Soil water movement, ECe, nitrate and ammonium concentrations were simulated, inputting averaged ten-yearly climate data and soil and water quality data measured at the end of each of the two considered years. The results in terms of soil salinity and root uptake impact are considered to define a proper TWW irrigation management for citrus.The outputs of the scenario OPT-FS-TWW clearly demonstrate the reduction of soil salinity in the root zone, and of water and nutrient fluxes below 60cm, and thus an improvement of water and nutrient uptake, as compared to NON-OPT-FS-TWW scenario.The results suggest that aligning the classical irrigation practices to TWW reuse by considering ECe as an additional variable is appropriate, allows to curb soil salinity, and ensures root water uptake of citrus, although TWW has high salinity levels that may jeopardize plant response after a sequence of irrigation events.

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On the effectiveness of dry drainage in soil salinity control

Science in China Series E ◽

10.1007/s11431-009-0341-8 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

pp. 3328-3334 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

JingWei Wu ◽

LiRong Zhao ◽

JieSheng Huang ◽

JinZhong Yang ◽

Bernard Vincent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Salinity ◽

Salinity Control

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Development of a One-Dimensional Engine Thermal Management Model to Predict Piston and Oil Temperatures

10.4271/2011-01-0647 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Brian Sangeorzan ◽

Eva Barber ◽

Brett Hinds

Keyword(s):

Thermal Management ◽

Management Model ◽

One Dimensional

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Water storage in wetted strips under irrigated coffee trees with different criteria of irrigation management

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162013000200004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 249-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alberto Colombo ◽

Lívia A. Alvarenga ◽

Myriane S. Scalco ◽

Randal C. Ribeiro ◽

Giselle F. Abreu

Keyword(s):

Dimensional Analysis ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Water Storage ◽

Moisture Distribution ◽

Water Volume ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Irrigation Interval ◽

The One

The increasing demand for water resources accentuates the need to reduce water waste through a more appropriate irrigation management. In the particular case of irrigated coffee planting, which in recent years presented growth with the predominance of drip irrigation, the improvement of drip irrigation management techniques is a necessity. The proper management of drip irrigation depends on the knowledge of the spatial pattern of soil moisture distribution inside the wetted strip formed under the irrigation lines. In this study, grids of 24 tensiometers were used to determine the water storage within the wetted strip formed under drippers, with a 3.78 L h-1 discharge, evenly spaced by 0.4 m, subjected to two different management criteria (fixed irrigation interval and 60 kPa tension). Estimates of storage based on a one-dimensional analysis, that only considers depth variations, were compared with two-dimensional estimates. The results indicate that for high-frequency irrigation the one-dimensional analysis is not appropriate. However, under less frequent irrigation, the two-dimensional analysis is dispensable, being the one-dimensional sufficient for calculating the water volume stored in the wetted strip.

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Physically-Based One-Dimensional Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Model Using the Finite Volume Method and Grid Network Flow Analysis

Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences ◽

10.3319/tao.2014.06.26.01(hy) ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 869

Author(s):

Yun Seok Choi ◽

Kyung Tak Kim ◽

Jin Hee Lee ◽

Byung Sik Kim

Keyword(s):

Finite Volume Method ◽

Finite Volume ◽

Network Flow ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Physically Based ◽

Rainfall Runoff Model ◽

Volume Method ◽

Runoff Model

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Revisiting Twomey's approximation for peak supersaturation

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-14-25901-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (19) ◽

pp. 25901-25930

Author(s):

B. J. Shipway

Keyword(s):

Lookup Table ◽

Accurate Calculation ◽

Cloud Droplets ◽

Closed Expression ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Additional Information ◽

Droplet Nucleation ◽

Physically Based ◽

Thermodynamic Conditions ◽

Independent Variable

Abstract. Twomey's seminal 1959 paper provided lower and upper bound approximations to the estimation of peak supersaturation within an updraft and thus provides the first closed expression for the number of nucleated cloud droplets. The form of this approximation is simple, but provides a surprisingly good estimate and has subsequently been employed in more sophisticated treatments of nucleation parametrization. In the current paper, we revisit the lower bound approximation of Twomey and make a small adjustment which can be used to obtain a more accurate calculation of peak supersaturation under all potential aerosol loadings and thermodynamic conditions. In order to make full use of this improved approximation, the underlying integro-differential equation for supersaturation evolution and the condition for calculating peak supersaturation are examined. A simple rearrangement of the algebra allows for an expression to be written down which can then be solved with a single lookup table with only one independent variable for an underlying lognormal aerosol population. Multimode aerosol with only N different dispersion characteristics require only N of these one-dimensional lookup tables. No additional information is required in the lookup table to deal with additional chemical, physical or thermodynamic properties. The resulting implementation provides a relatively simple, yet computationally cheap and very accurate physically-based parametrization of droplet nucleation for use in climate and NWP models.

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Five-Year Experimental Study on Effectiveness and Sustainability of a Dry Drainage System for Controlling Soil Salinity

Water ◽

10.3390/w11010111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 111 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Changshu Wang ◽

Jingwei Wu ◽

Wenzhi Zeng ◽

Yan Zhu ◽

Jiesheng Huang

Keyword(s):

Soil Salinity ◽

Soil Column ◽

Drainage System ◽

Irrigation District ◽

Soil Permeability ◽

Ecological Value ◽

Salinity Control ◽

Excess Water ◽

Salt Crust ◽

To Receive

The dry drainage system (DDS) is an alternative technique for controlling salinization. To quantify its role in soil salinity control, a five-year field observation from 2007 to 2011 was completed in a 2900 ha experimental plot in Yonglian Experimental Station, Hetao Irrigation District, China. Results showed that the groundwater table depth in the fallow areas quickly responded to the lateral recharge from the surrounding croplands during irrigation events. The groundwater electrical conductivity (GEC) of fallow areas increased from 5 mS·cm−1 to 15 mS·cm−1, whereas the GEC below croplands produced small fluctuations. The analysis of water and salt balance showed that the excess water that moved to fallow was roughly four times that moved by an artificial drainage system and with 7.7 times the corresponding salt. The fallow areas act as a drainage repository to receive excess water and salt from surrounding irrigated croplands. Slight salt accumulation occurred in irrigated croplands and salts accumulated, with an accelerating trend over the final two years. The evaporation capability weakened, partly due to the salt crust in the topsoil, and the decrease in soil permeability in the soil column, which was almost impermeable to water. Using halophytes may be an effective method to remove salts that have accumulated in fallow areas, having great economic and ecological value. A DDS may be effective and sustainable in situations where the fallow areas can sustain an upward capillary flux from planted halophytes.

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