Oviposition site of and gall formation by the fruit gall midge Asphondylia aucubae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in relation to internal fruit structure

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke IMAI ◽  
Naota OHSAKI
Keyword(s):  
Gall Midge ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Fruit Structure

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Penncap M in Control of Balsam Gall Midge, 1992

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-345
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier ◽  
John S. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Adequate Coverage

Abstract The experiment was conducted in a Christmas tree plantation in Jefferson, NH. The experimental design was a RCB with 12 single tree replicates. Treatments were applied 9 Jun when buds averaged 1.5 inches long and at the start of gall formation. Applications were made with a Solo backpack sprayer at a rate of 100 gal water per acre. New growth received adequate coverage. Trees were 5-7 ft tall. Air temperature at the time of treatment was 80°F. The sky was clear with no rain for 2 days. Trees were rated 15 Sep. by counting the number of twigs with live galls per 50 randomly selected twigs per tree.

Endophytic fungi associated with healthy pine needles and needles infested by the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiko Hata ◽  
Kazuyoshi Futai
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Hybrid Pine ◽  
Pine Needle Gall Midge

The endophytic mycobiota of the galls of pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis, and healthy current-year needles of Pinus densiflora and the F2 hybrid pine (Pinus thunbergii × (P. thunbergii × P. densiflora)) was compared. Phialocephala sp. was the dominant endophyte isolated from the galls and from the basal regions of healthy needles. Species richness in endophytes was facilitated in galls compared to the basal region of healthy needles, and the commencement of their colonization was hastened in galls. In the early stages of gall formation, however, no endophyte was isolated, suggesting that gall endophytes are not carried into the galls by the midge. Endophytes of healthy and galled pine needles were divided into two groups: position-specific fungi, which showed intrinsically restricted distributions on needles; and gall-specific fungi. These two groups might represent different ecological groups of endophytes. Possible interactions between endophytes and the pine needle gall midge are also discussed. Key words: endophytic fungi, Pinus densiflora, F2 hybrid pine, pine needle gall midge.

Infestation of young rice plants by the rice gall midge, Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae), with special reference to shoot morphogenesis

1970 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalini Perera ◽  
Henry E. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Rice Gall Midge

Infestations of the rice gall midge Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason) in Ceylon were studied in 1968. The three larval instars, the prepupa and pupa are described. Total development time is 18–22 days. Dissection of infested rice seedlings showed that first-instar larvae move in 6–12 h from the leaves where they hatch to the shoot apices to which they are specifically attracted, without boring into plant tissues. Larvae feed at the base of the growth cone throughout their development; if more than one larva reaches a shoot apex only one individual survives to maturity. Gall formation results from suppression of the growth cone, development of radial ridges from the innermost leaf primordium just above the level of the posterior end of the larva, and then an elongation of the leaf sheath. Death of the larva, achieved experimentally by means of diazinon or fenitrothion applied to the soil, up to and including instar 2 was followed by renewed activity of the growth cone, but after the same treatment during instar 3 the growth cone was not re-activated. The development of the gall is seen as being due to diversion of nutrients from the growth cone to the midge larva, and possibly by substances produced by the first-instar larva and prepupa which stimulate growth of the radial ridges and gall elongation, respectively. Firstinstar larvae develop only in active shoot apices; thus development proceeds normally in the terminal apex, but is inhibited in the inactive axillary shoot apices. Under high population pressure all shoot apices become infested, but larval dormancy results in staggered gall formation and adult emergence. Larval dormancy in inactive axillary shoot apices may explain seasonal carry-over of the pest.

scholarly journals Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Genotype Affects Gall Midge (Spurgia esulae) Establishment

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Lym ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Martha L. Rowe ◽  
Donald J. Lee ◽  
Robert A. Masters
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Dna Restriction

Greenhouse cage studies were conducted to determine the influence of shoot morphology and genetic variation on establishment ofSpurgia esulaegall midge on seven leafy spurge genotypes. The genotypes were collected from South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Montana, Wyoming, Manitoba, and Austria. Genotypes from South Dakota and Nebraska were most susceptible to gall formation and had the highest larvae survival, while the genotypes from Montana and Manitoba were most resistant. Morphological characteristics of the leafy spurge stem tips, such as stem diameter, leaf length, width, and area did not correlate with gall formation or larvae survival. Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the genotypes identified six chloroplast types among the seven leafy spurge genotypes. The two genotypes most resistant to galling byS. esulae, Manitoba and Montana, had the same chloroplast genotype, but also were closely related to the two most susceptible genotypes. Because eggs were laid on all genotypes, it appears that adult females were not preferentially selecting appropriate host genotypes, but that egg and larvae survival was strongly influenced by genotype.

Monitoring a Gall Midge Population on Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
Kathleen Meyers ◽  
Nancy Pieropan ◽  
Timothy Collier
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Russian Knapweed ◽  
Acroptilon Repens

AbstractThis paper describes postrelease monitoring of a population of Jaapiella ivannikovi, a gall-forming midge that was introduced for biological control of Russian knapweed. In 2011 to 2013, from late May to early June through August, we monitored 100 permanent plots at one of the first release sites of J. ivannikovi in central Wyoming. Based on the phenology of gall formation, an appropriate window for collection of galls to distribute to new sites is from early to mid-June through early August. Although J. ivannikovi established successfully, 4 yr after release, the percentage of ramets that were galled remained low (1 to 2%), indicating that J. ivannikovi is not yet having a significant effect on Russian knapweed at the site.

Patterns of leaf and stomatal development explain ovipositional patterns by the gall midge Cystiphora sonchi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. DeClerck-Floate ◽  
T. A. Steeves
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Development ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Egg Distribution ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

The gall midge Cystiphora sonchi oviposits through the stomata of perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis) leaves, and requires tissues that are conducive to gall formation. To determine if these requirements affect ovipositional choice, egg distribution patterns among and within sow-thistle leaves were related to patterns of leaf and stomatal development. Our study showed that C. sonchi prefers to oviposit into leaves that are in the final stages of growth, when mature stomata are available and tissues are still responsive to the gall-forming stimulus. The youngest and oldest leaves within plants were avoided by ovipositing females. Cystiphora sonchi egg distribution within leaves generally reflected the availability of mature stomata, which develop from tip to base in young S. arvensis leaves. Hence, mature stomata, and C. sonchi eggs, were more frequent at the tip of young leaves. By the later stages of leaf development, the basipetal pattern of growth was no longer apparent, and mature stomata and C. sonchi eggs were more evenly distributed within leaves.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

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