scholarly journals Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Genotype Affects Gall Midge (Spurgia esulae) Establishment

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Lym ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Martha L. Rowe ◽  
Donald J. Lee ◽  
Robert A. Masters
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Dna Restriction

Greenhouse cage studies were conducted to determine the influence of shoot morphology and genetic variation on establishment ofSpurgia esulaegall midge on seven leafy spurge genotypes. The genotypes were collected from South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Montana, Wyoming, Manitoba, and Austria. Genotypes from South Dakota and Nebraska were most susceptible to gall formation and had the highest larvae survival, while the genotypes from Montana and Manitoba were most resistant. Morphological characteristics of the leafy spurge stem tips, such as stem diameter, leaf length, width, and area did not correlate with gall formation or larvae survival. Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the genotypes identified six chloroplast types among the seven leafy spurge genotypes. The two genotypes most resistant to galling byS. esulae, Manitoba and Montana, had the same chloroplast genotype, but also were closely related to the two most susceptible genotypes. Because eggs were laid on all genotypes, it appears that adult females were not preferentially selecting appropriate host genotypes, but that egg and larvae survival was strongly influenced by genotype.

Molecular and Conventional Typing Methods for Listeria monocytogenes: The UK Approach

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1102-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McLAUCHLIN
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Index Of Diversity

Subtyping systems for Listeria monocytogenes have proved to be of great use in the elucidation of the epidemiology of listeriosis. Considerations for devising strategies to subtype this organism are discussed, together with the surveillance methods, work load, and resources used by the Public Health Laboratory Service in London (England). A combination of both molecular and conventional typing methods are currently in use, and these comprise the established techniques of serotyping, phage-typing, and DNA restriction-fragment length polymorphism analysis, together with the experimental procedures of resistance to arsenite and cadmium and the detection of plasmid DNA. The efficacy of this approach is assessed using Simpson's index of diversity.

scholarly journals Do we have infraspecific taxa of Salvia multicaulis Vahl. (Lamiaceae) in Iran?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Talebi ◽  
Reza Rezakhanlou ◽  
A V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Length Width

<p><em>Salvia multicaulis</em> is a widespread species of Lamiaceae family in Iran. There are many discussions about its infraspecific variations. Although some varieties were definite for this species in various parts of the world, no infraspecific taxon was reported in Iran and all samples of this species were named as S. multicaulis. In this study, morphological characteristics of S. multicaulis populations, naturally growing in Iran, was examined. Twenty-two traits were examined in 94 individuals of this species to<br />identify their phenotypic difference. Most of the investigated features were showing a high degree of variability, but it was highly pronounced for some characteristics such as basal leaf shape, basal leaf width, basal leaf length/ width ratio and basal petiole length. Significant positive/negative correlations were observed between some morphological variables. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were found between the eastern distribution of populations with basal leaf petiole length and basal leaf length/ width ratio. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, populations were divided into two main branches. The first branch contained four populations, while the second branch was bigger and clustered in two sub-branches. In one of them,<br />three populations and in another one the rest populations arranged in two groups. CA joined plot confirmed that each of studied populations or group of populations had distinct morphological trait(s), which were useful in identification of them. Our findings supported population no. 13 had unique morphological traits such as the largest bracts and basal leaf petiole, highest flower number of each inflorescence cycle, widest and largest calyx. The conservation of the highly diverse populations of<br />Iranian S. multicaulis is recommended.</p>

scholarly journals Morphological Variations of Robusta Coffee As a Response to Different Altitude in Lampung

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Erwin Prastowo ◽  
Rina Arimarsetiowati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Key Issues

The coffee growth is considered to depend, partly, on the environmental condition at which they develop to accomplish both vegetative and generative stages. An exploratory survey in Lampung aimed at investigating the morphological characteristics of 13 Robusta coffee accessions growing on different altitudes.Local superior coffee clones were selected from eight farms, and subjected to identifications. Three key issues were concerned for both quantitatively, i.e. plant components of leaves, branches, and fruits, and qualitatively such as leaves and fruit characteristics, i.e. colour and shape. The analysis shows a similarity of about 60% of total qualitative variable identified among different accessions. The remaining characters are suggested to be more varying such as flush colour, leaf surface, ripe fruit colour, and stipule shape. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis showed a higher level of similarity for fruit characters, i.e. fruit length, -width, and -thickness, and to a slightly lower level for leaf characteristics, i.e. leaf length and -width, and number of productive branches. It was revealed that some variables, i.e. fruit weight; leaf and seed; and canopy characteristics, explaining the morphological variation of coffee throughout the accessions. Furthermore, cluster analysis may indicated a possible similarity of coffee morphologies either from area with different or the same environmental conditions. A high heterogeneity related to environmental conditions, genotypic variations, plant nutritional status, and agronomic practices, which unable to confirm in the present study, may limit the specific conclusions.

scholarly journals Phytophthora tropicalis Isolated from Diseased Leaves of Pieris japonica and Rhododendron catawbiense and Found in Irrigation Water and Soil in Virginia

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. X. Hong ◽  
P. A. Richardson ◽  
P. Kong ◽  
S. N. Jeffers ◽  
S. W. Oak
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Zoospore Release ◽  
Length Width

An unidentified species of Phytophthora was isolated from irrigation water at a production nursery in Suffolk, VA in 2000 and 2001. Water samples were assayed using a filtration method (3). A similar species was recovered from soil samples collected in two mixed-hardwood forests in Fairfax County in 2002. Soil samples were air dried, remoistened, flooded, and then baited with rhododendron and camellia leaf pieces at room temperature (22 to 24°C) (2). A Phytophthora sp. was recovered from bait pieces cultured on PARPH-V8 selective medium (2). This same species also was isolated from symptomatic leaves of Pieris japonica cv. Temple Bells and Rhododendron catawbiense cv. Maximum Roseum at a garden center in Virginia Beach in 2004. On P. japonica, symptoms appeared as water-soaked, necrotic lesions and marginal necrosis on leaves and necrosis of shoot tips; on R. catawbiense, symptoms were wilting, dieback, and death of shoots. Representative isolates produced semipapillate to papillate sporangia with tapered bases that were caducous and had long pedicels (16 to 120 μm). Sporangia on four isolates were measured: mean lengths were 40.6 to 48.4 μm, mean widths were 26.9 to 31.4 μm, and length/width ratios consistently were 1.5. Sporangia occasionally were distorted and had dual apices, and they often contained a large globule after zoospore release. Chlamydospores ranged from 25 to 32 μm in diameter. All isolates were heterothallic; four isolates paired with known isolates of P. nicotianae were found to be mating type A1. Optimum temperature for mycelium growth on cornmeal agar was 25°C with slight growth at 35°C by some isolates and no growth at 4°C. These morphological characteristics were mostly consistent with those of P. tropicalis (1). P. tropicalis is reported to have sporangia that are papillate, have lengths of 40 to 55 μm, widths of 19 to 27 μm, and length/width ratios of 1.8 to 2.4 (1). The identity of these isolates as P. tropicalis was confirmed using single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis with comparison to a reference isolate (4). These isolates have been retained in permanent collections in the Hong and Jeffers labs. One isolate from each host plant and one isolate from irrigation water were tested for pathogenicity; agar blocks of mycelium (4 × 4 mm) were placed on wounded and nonwounded leaves of P. japonica cv. Mountain Fire and R. catawbiense cv. Olga plants and wrapped with Parafilm to prevent desiccation. Lesions formed on wounded and nonwounded leaves after 4 days at 20 to 30°C, and P. tropicalis was reisolated; no lesions formed on noninoculated control leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. tropicalis in the continental United States, in irrigation water systems, and as a cause of Phytophthora foliage blight on P. japonica and R. catawbiense (1). This study suggests that the host range of this pathogen is not limited to tropical plants. Although this pathogen did not cause significant economic loss in the garden center surveyed, it was isolated in irrigation water at the production nursery from late spring through fall. An investigation of its impact on nursery crops is warranted. References: (1) M. Aragaki and J. Y. Uchida. Mycologia 93:137, 2001. (2) A. J. Ferguson and S. N. Jeffers. Plant Dis. 83:1129, 1999. (3) C. X. Hong et al. Phytopathology 92:610, 2002. (4) P. Kong et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 39:238, 2003.

Relatedness of three species of Agaricus inferred from restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ribosomal DNA repeat and mitochondrial DNA

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. A. Hintz ◽  
James B. Anderson ◽  
Paul A. Horgen
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Restriction Patterns ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat of Agaricus brunnescens (= A. bisporus) was cloned and mapped for six restriction endonucleases. The map positions of the 26S, 18S, and 5.8S rRNA genes on the 9.2 kilo base pairs (kbp) repeat were determined by alignment of sites conserved in the rRNA genes of other fungi. The rDNA restriction site maps for six isolates of A. brunnescens, five isolates of A. bitorquis, and three isolates of A. campestris were compared using cloned A. brunnescens (Ag 50) rDNA as a hybridization probe. The rDNA restriction patterns for all six A. brunnescens isolates were identical. The A. bitorquis and A. campestris isolates were subdivided into two groups each, according to rDNA restriction-site polymorphisms. The A. brunnescens and A. bitorquis rDNAs were distinguished by a 0.7 kbp length difference in the noncoding spacer between the 18S and 26S rRNA genes. Despite the almost perfect conservation of the coding region between species, the noncoding spacers of A. campestris and the other two Agaricus species were too divergent to propose a simple series of mutational events to account for the differences. Interstrain and interspecies variation in the mitochondrial DNA was also surveyed. Strain-specific mitochondrial DNA restriction patterns were recognized and fewer differences were observed between the A. brunnescens and A. bitorquis isolates than between A. campestris and the other two species.Key words: Agaricus brunnescens (= A. bisporus), Agaricus, rDNA, mitochondrial DNA, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

Regional differences in hypericin and pseudohypericin concentrations and five morphological traits among Hypericum perforatum plants in the northwestern United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1248-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Walker ◽  
Tara Sirvent ◽  
Donna Gibson ◽  
Nan Vance
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
Noxious Weed

Geographic differences among Hypericum perforatum L. plants in concentration of two hypericins and five morphological characteristics were analyzed in plants collected from four sites each in northern California and western Montana and two sites in Oregon. Differences among regional collections of H. perforatum were assessed based on analysis of hypericin and pseudohypericin concentration in floral, leaf, and stem tissue; light and dark leaf gland density; leaf area; leaf length/width ratio; and stem height. Significant differences in morphological and biochemical traits were detected primarily between samples collected from California and Montana. California samples had higher concentrations of hypericins, greater leaf gland density, larger leaves, and taller stems than those from Montana. Overall, Oregon samples did not consistently differentiate from those of Montana and California. Seasonal differences in hypericins were analyzed in Oregon plants only. Mean floral concentration of pseudohypericin (0.29%) and hypericin (0.06%) were highest during anthesis coinciding with July and August sampling dates, whereas mean leaf concentrations (0.19 and 0.04%, respectively) were highest in August.Key words: Hypericum perforatum, hypericin, St. John's wort, leaf glands, noxious weed, medicinal plant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document