Long-Term Impacts of Poaching on Relatedness, Stress Physiology, and Reproductive Output of Adult Female African Elephants

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1590-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. GOBUSH ◽  
B. M. MUTAYOBA ◽  
S. K. WASSER
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Stress Physiology ◽  
African Elephants

scholarly journals Assessment of Fertility and Reproductive Toxicity in Adult Female Mice after Long-Term Exposure to Pueraria mirifica Herb

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukanya JAROENPORN ◽  
Suchinda MALAIVIJITNOND ◽  
Kingkaew WATTANASIRMKIT ◽  
Gen WATANABE ◽  
Kazuyoshi TAYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Pueraria Mirifica ◽  
Female Mice

Lipolysis and glycerol gluconeogenesis in simultaneously fasting and lactating northern elephant seals

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (6) ◽  
pp. R2376-R2381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorian S. Houser ◽  
Cory D. Champagne ◽  
Daniel E. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Endogenous Glucose Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Elephant Seals ◽  
Glucoregulatory Hormones

Adult female elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris) combine long-term fasting with lactation and molting. Glycerol gluconeogenesis has been hypothesized as potentially meeting all of the glucose requirements of the seals during these fasts. To test this hypothesis, a primed constant infusion of [2-14C]glycerol was administered to 10 ten adult female elephant seals at 5 and 21–22 days postpartum and to 10 additional adult females immediately after the molt. Glycerol kinetics, rates of lipolysis, and the contribution of glycerol to glucose production were determined for each period. Plasma metabolite levels as well as insulin, glucagon, and cortisol were also measured. Glycerol rate of appearance was not significantly correlated with mass ( P = 0.14, r2 = 0.33) but was significantly related to the percentage of glucose derived from glycerol ( P < 0.01, r2 = 0.81) during late lactation. The contribution of glycerol to glucose production was <3% during each fasting period, suggesting a lower contribution to gluconeogenesis than is observed in other long-term fasting mammals. Because of a high rate of endogenous glucose production in fasting elephant seals, it is likely that glycerol gluconeogenesis still makes a substantial contribution to the substrate needs of glucose-dependent tissues. The lack of a relationship between glucoregulatory hormones and glycerol kinetics, glycerol gluconeogenesis, and metabolites supports the proposition that fasting elephant seals do not conform to the traditional insulin-glucagon model of substrate metabolism.

Influence of prescribed burning on fruit production in Proteaceae

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Penman ◽  
S. H. Penman
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study

Prescribed burning is applied worldwide as a forest management tool. It is broadly accepted that altered fire regimes can directly impact upon community structure and composition, but little is known about the indirect effects of altered fire regimes on the mechanisms that produce community-level changes such as changes to the reproductive output of individual plants, hence populations. We examined the reproductive output of four species of Proteaceae within a long term study site where disturbance histories for the last twenty years have been accurately recorded on 216 plots. Frequent fire was found to increase woody fruit production in Banksia marginata, but had no apparent effect on B. serrata, Hakea eriantha or H. sericea. Results of this study vary from a similar study which examined the effect of wildfires. The differences observed are likely to reflect the differing impacts of fire intensity on these species. Indirect changes in fruit production may result in changes in reproductive success of species which in turn may affect vegetation community structure and faunal habitat.

Estrogenic Regulation of Hippocampal Neurogenesis Throughout the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
pp. 253-281
Author(s):  
Shunya Yagi ◽  
Rand S. Eid ◽  
Wansu Qiu ◽  
Paula Duarte-Guterman ◽  
Liisa A. M. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Maternal Experience ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Estrogenic Regulation

Neurogenesis in the hippocampus exists across a number of species, including humans. Steroid hormones, such as estrogens, modulate neurogenesis dependent on age, reproductive experience and sex. Findings are discussed in the chapter with reference to how neurogenesis in the hippocampus is related to learning and memory. Natural fluctuations in ovarian hormones or removal of ovaries modulate neurogenesis in the short term but not in the long term. Maternal experience has long-lasting effects on neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Acute estrogens increase proliferation in adult female rodents, but influence survival of new neurons dependent on a number of factors including sex, cognitive training, type of estrogen, and whether or not cells were produced under estrogens. This chapter outlines findings indicating that estrogens can be strong modulators of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which may have implications for disorders involving hippocampal dysfunction that target women.

Does long-term swimming participation have a deleterious effect on the adult female skeleton?

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 3217-3225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Gwendoline Greenway ◽  
Jeff Whenan Walkley ◽  
Peter Adrian Rich
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Deleterious Effect

A Higher-Than-Average Female Voice Can Cause Young Adult Female Listeners to Think About Aggression More

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinguang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Voice ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Selection Theory ◽  
Sexual Selection Theory ◽  
Vocal Attractiveness

Previous research found that speakers with more attractive voices receive more favorable evaluations (aka the vocal attractiveness stereotype). But sexual selection theory predicts that, to the extent that men perceive women with higher pitched voices as more attractive, women will be more hostile toward those women because they make more threatening mate rivals. Supporting this hypothesis, Study 1 ( N = 102) showed that female participants higher in trait dominance displayed heightened aggressive cognition after being primed with a romantic (but not a control) feeling and listening to a higher- but not lower-than-average female voice. Study 2 ( N = 111) showed that this heightened aggressive cognition was activated by a long-term but not a short-term mating motive. These findings supported sexual selection theory, challenged the vocal attractiveness stereotype, and suggested a mechanism that helps maintain the honesty of female voice pitch as a mate attraction signal.

IMPAIRMENT OF THE CONTROL OF GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION AFTER OESTROGEN ADMINISTRATION TO ADULT FEMALE RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. BROWN-GRANT ◽  
M. B. TER HAAR
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Long Acting

SUMMARY The possible occurrence of long-term changes in gonadotrophin control mechanisms following the administration of oestrogen to adult female rats has been studied. Administration of 2·5 mg oestradiol benzoate (OB) to normal female rats at 60 days of age did not result in failure of ovulation at 120 days of age but significant impairment of the LH and FSH responses to progesterone after ovariectomy and oestrogen priming was observed at 160–180 days of age. Treatment with the same dose of OB at 60 days of rats injected with 10 μg testosterone propionate on Day 4 of postnatal life resulted in an increased incidence of failure of ovulation at 120 though not at 150 days of age but did not further impair the already reduced gonadotrophin response to progesterone at 160–180 days of age. Removal of the ovaries at 60 days of age did not modify the effects of oestrogen given at 60 days of age in either group nor did ovariectomy at 60 days improve the response of neonatally androgen-treated rats to progesterone at 160–180 days of age. The increases in plasma prolactin and TSH levels in response to oestrogen priming after ovariectomy were not affected in any of the experimental groups. The administration of a long-acting oestrogen preparation (oestradiol cyclopentyl propionate, 2·5 mg at 60 days of age) to normal female rats suppressed ovulation and depressed plasma LH and FSH concentrations for at least 90 days; anterior pituitary weights were greatly increased and plasma prolactin concentrations were very high.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document