A Transformative Decision-Making Process for Mammography Screening Among Rural, Low-Income Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Purtzer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Low Income Women

Predictors of Mammography Screening Among Ethnically Diverse Low-Income Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry A. Cronan ◽  
Ian Villalta ◽  
Emily Gottfried ◽  
Yavette Vaden ◽  
Mabel Ribas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Low Income Women

Measuring adherence to mammography screening recommendations among low-income women

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Armstrong ◽  
Judith A Long ◽  
Judy A Shea
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Low Income Women

Student Interpretations of a School Closure: Implications for Student Voice in Equity-Based School Reform

2011 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 1633-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Kirshner ◽  
Kristen M. Pozzoboni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
School Reform ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
School Quality ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
School Students

Background/Context School closure is becoming an increasingly common policy response to underperforming urban schools. Districts typically justify closure decisions by pointing to schools’ low performance on measures required by No Child Left Behind. Closures disproportionately fall on schools with high percentages of poor and working-class students of color. Few studies have examined how students interpret or respond to school closures. Purpose Our purpose was to document narratives articulated by students about the closure of their high school. Doing so is important because students, particularly students of color from low-income families, are often left out of policy decisions that affect their lives. Population/Participants Research participants were recruited from the population of youth who had attended the closed school and who remained in the district during the subsequent year. Twenty-three percent of students at the school were African American, 75% were Latino, and 2% were White. Over 90% of students were eligible for free and reduced lunch. A total of 106 students responded to surveys and peer interviews, and 12 youth who had dropped out of school participated in focus groups. Research Design This was a youth participatory action research (YPAR) study, designed collaboratively by former Jefferson students, university researchers, and adult community members. Data sources included open-ended surveys, peer interviews, focus groups, and field notes describing public events and YPAR meetings. Findings Our data show that most respondents did not agree with the decision to close their school. Student disagreement surfaced two counternarratives. First, students critiqued the way the decision was made—they felt excluded from the decision-making process that led to closure. Second, they critiqued the rationale for the decision, which suggested that students needed to be rescued from a failing school. Students articulated features of Jefferson that they valued, such as trusting relationships with adults, connection to place, and sense of belonging, which they felt were discounted by the decision. Conclusions/Recommendations Evidence from this study lends support to developmental and political justifications for robust youth participation in equity-based school reform. By developmental justification, we mean evidence that young people were ready to participate, which counters discourses about youth as immature or unprepared. By political justification, we mean evidence that youth articulated interests that were discounted in the decision-making process and that challenged normative assumptions about school quality. In our conclusion, we point to examples of expanded roles that students could play in decision-making processes.

scholarly journals Health priority-setting for official development assistance in low-income and middle-income countries: a Best Fit Framework Synthesis study with primary data from Ethiopia, Nigeria and Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Jiang Kwete ◽  
Yemane Berhane ◽  
Mary Mwanyika-Sando ◽  
Ayo Oduola ◽  
Yuning Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Abstract Background Decision making process for Official Development Assistance (ODA) for healthcare sector in low-income and middle-income countries involves multiple agencies, each with their unique power, priorities and funding mechanisms. This process at country level has not been well studied. Methods This paper developed and applied a new framework to analyze decision-making process for priority setting in Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tanzania, and collected primary data to validate and refine the model. The framework was developed following a scoping review of published literature. Interviews were then conducted using a pre-determined interview guide developed by the research team. Transcripts were reviewed and coded based on the framework to identify what principles, players, processes, and products were considered during priority setting. Those elements were further used to identify where the potential capacity of local decision-makers could be harnessed. Results A framework was developed based on 40 articles selected from 6860 distinct search records. Twenty-one interviews were conducted in three case countries from 12 institutions. Transcripts or meeting notes were analyzed to identify common practices and specific challenges faced by each country. We found that multiple stakeholders working around one national plan was the preferred approach used for priority setting in the countries studied. Conclusions Priority setting process can be further strengthened through better use of analytical tools, such as the one described in our study, to enhance local ownership of priority setting for ODA and improve aid effectiveness.

scholarly journals The relationship between types of needs and consumer choices in apparel industry of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Evana Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Consumer Choices ◽  
The Relationship

Consumer behavior signifies the way of people’s purchasing and consuming products and services. It is a hotbed of research which is intensely associated with human psychology and is essential for companies that are trying to sell their products or services to as many consumers as possible. Since various facets of consumers’ lives affect what they purchase and why they purchase, research on consumer behavior resolves the issues of understanding – how individuals respond to advertising and marketing, individuality – if the process can determine consumers’ personalities, social status, decision-making process. Consumer behavior research is important to determine how best to sell products or services by influencing consumers’ fears, their least healthy habits or their worst tendencies. This study has examined the relationship between consumer needs and consumer purchase behavior in terms of consumer choices of Bangladeshi customers for apparel market. Types of consumers’ choices and types of consumers’ needs are associated with each other. Types of needs are the underlying determinant of types of choices to satisfy consumers’ apparel necessity and these three categories of needs, that are recognised to satisfy apparel necessity (i.e. functional needs, social needs and experiential needs), are fulfilled by consumers through three recognised categories of choices (i.e. choice freedom, choice difficulty and choice confidence). Different categories of consumers have different types of needs and they behave differently while purchasing clothes, therefore, this study has figured out how consumers of Bangladesh make their choices according to their needs in apparel purchases. This study also examined how income levels work as a moderator while consumers make decisions. The purpose of this thesis is to shed light on the relationship of the consumers’ needs and choices. The key objective is to investigate how the correlation between consumers’ needs and choices influences the insights of consumers and their decision-making process. This study also inspected the affiliation between the needs and choices for the population with respect to certain key questions. Consequently, it identified a better understanding of the links between needs and choices and set a special consideration of how choices interact with various situations which is very important to sell the apparel products in best way. The study employed a survey research design which is quantitative in nature. Quantitative survey quantifies the problems by generating numerical data which can be converted into functional statistics and it is mostly used to measure attitudes, opinions, behaviors and any other defined variables (DeFranzo, 2011). The data was collected through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire which fulfilled the quantitative research nature. The included questions were related to the types of needs and choices theories, with focus on consumers’ purchase behavior. Therefore, it was able to investigate quantitatively due to the nature of the research. Respondents completed the questionnaire which was administrated via online electronic form through SurveyMonkey. After collecting the data, it ran ordinal regression models on the basis of dependent and independent variables of the questionnaire and that provided a clear indication of consumers’ actual preference structure. This research paper was demonstrated with the broad overview about the consumers’ choices according to the types of their needs. The study found that types of needs are positively associated with types of choices and low-income level and high-income level have decreased and increased impact accordingly with the positive relationships of needs and choices. The findings of the paper offer some valuable considerations for related theories, especially on topic of consumers’ purchase behavior by highlighting the contextual differences between needs and choices and by highlighting the other influencing factors associated with these. It contributes to build up new concepts of consumer purchase behavior theory in terms of branding theory and consumers’ needs and selection process also demonstrates that how types of needs influence consumers’ purchase decision through types of choices. Moreover, new concepts or strategies and psychological explanations of consumers help the managers to sell their products appropriately.

scholarly journals MECHANISM OF BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Olena Tymoshenko ◽  
Оlena Trokhymets
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Behavioural Economics ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Behavioural Aspects

The purpose of the article. The article covers the mechanisms of behavioural economics introducing into the state policy of the country. This problem becomes especially relevant in modern conditions as people tend to make unreasonable economic decisions. The purpose of this paper is to research the irrational motives of individuals’ behaviour in making economic decisions and to determine the measures for introducing the mechanisms of behavioural economics in the state policy of Ukraine. Methodology. The survey is based on the analysis of the scientific papers of the following scientists in economics: A. Smith, K. Marks, J. Bentham, M. Weber, J. Schumpeter, A. Marshall, J. Keynes, H. Simon, H. Becker, V. Smith, D. Kahneman, A. Tversky, Richard H. Thaler, G. Akerlof, R. Shiller; on the empirical analysis and on the analysis of the behaviour economic instruments. The objective of the article is the survey of irrational motives of human behaviour during the decision-making process in economic conditions, to determine the influence of the irrational motives on social and economic development and to develop measures and activities for implementation of behavioural economics mechanisms in the state policy. The subject of the article is theoretical and methodological aspects of the behavioural economics mechanisms in the state policy. The results. The research in the article shows and explains the main trends of the behavioural studies in the modern condition, in particular: behavioural finance, behavioural game theory, the problem of making a choice in time, prospect theory. One of the examples of Herding behaviour shown in the article is the peculiarities of behavioural aspects of financial markets. Special attention is given to the “nudge theory” used by the leading countries. Behavioural economics possess the instruments, which maintain the decent living of the population and sustainable social and economic situation in the society. The results of research represent that the behavioural peculiarities of the society together with the interaction with the state policy result in the distrust of the society to the authority’s representatives. Besides, the low-income level of the population leads to the predominance of survival values in the society, while in the highly developed countries, the values of self-expression dominate. It is proposed to implement behavioural economics mechanisms in state policy of Ukraine while making economic decisions. Conclusions. Due to the new trends in economic development such as informatization, and digitalization, new ways of the economic behaviour of the population take place. One of the key aspects is the psychological approach to the decision-making process in the economic environment. Thus, behavioural economics becomes of great importance in modern society.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Mammography Educational Interventions for Low-Income Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana M. Bailey ◽  
Jorge Delva ◽  
Kimberlee Gretebeck ◽  
Kristine Siefert ◽  
Amid Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Home Visits ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Peer Educators ◽  
Print Material ◽  
Low Income Women ◽  
Multiple Intervention

Objective. We conducted a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of educational interventions in increasing mammography screening among low-income women. Data Sources. Bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the ISI Web of Science, were searched for relevant articles. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Randomized, community-based trials targeting low-income women and published between January 1980 and March 2003 were included. Data Extraction. The search yielded 242 studies; 24 met all inclusion criteria. Data Synthesis. Three studies used mammography vans, three used low-cost vouchers or provided free mammograms, three used home visits, one used community education alone, one provided referrals, five incorporated multiple intervention strategies, two used phone calls, one used videos and print material, and five used primarily print material. Results. Of nine studies that reduced barriers to care via mammography vans, cost vouchers, or home visits, eight showed statistically significant increases in mammography screening. Seven of the eight studies that used peer educators had significant increases in screening, as did four of the five studies that used multiple (intervention) components. Conclusions. Interventions that used peer educators, incorporated multiple intervention strategies, or provided easy access via vans, cost vouchers, or home visits were effective in increasing screenings. Mailed letter or telephone reminders were not effective in trials involving low-income women, which is contrary to findings from middle/upper-income studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document