scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Series on the Chronification of Headache: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Behavioral Strategies Aimed at Primary and Secondary Prevention of Chronic Headache

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Penzien ◽  
Jeanetta C. Rains ◽  
Richard B. Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Special Series

Abstract 14575: Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator in the Setting of Tetralogy of Fallot: Long-Term Follow-Up of a French National Multicenter Retrospective Registry

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdeslam Bouzeman ◽  
Maxime De Guillebon ◽  
Guillaume Duthoit ◽  
Magalie Ladouceur ◽  
Raphael Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Appropriate Therapy

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most frequent form of congenital heart disease managed by EP physicians for potential ICD. However, few studies have reported long-term outcomes of TOF patients with ICD. Methods: Between 2005 and 2014, all TOF patients with ICD in 17 French centers were enrolled in a specific evaluation aiming to determine characteristics at implantation as well as outcomes (overall mortality, appropriate ICD therapies, and device-related complications). Results: Overall 78 patients (45±13 years, 64% males) were enrolled. A majority of patients were implanted in the setting of secondary prevention (73%), whereas the remaining (27%) in primary prevention. Among the latest group, known risk factors for sudden cardiac death were: severe pulmonary regurgitation (30%,) prior palliative shunt (50%), syncope with unknown origin (25%), inducible ventricular tachycardia (45%), QRS duration ≥180ms (18%), non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (25%), and documented sustained supra ventricular tachycardia (45%).Overall, patients implanted in the setting of primary prevention presented with a mean of 3.1±1.4 risk factors. After a mean follow-up of 4.9±3.8 years, 35 patients (45%) experienced at least one appropriate therapy (25% in the primary prevention group compared to 53% in the secondary prevention group), giving annual-incidences of 6.9% (95%CI 0.14-13.7) and 21.3% (12.4-30.3) respectively (P=0,01). The mean time between ICD implantation and the first appropriate therapy was 2.2±3.2 years, without significant differences between primary and secondary prevention. Overall, ≥one ICD-related complication occurred in 30 patients (38%), including inappropriate shock (n=9), major pocket hematoma (n=1), lead dysfunction (n=12), infection (n=4), shoulder algodystrophia (n=2), device failure or dislodgement needing reintervention (n=2). Eventually, four patients were transplanted (5%), and six patients (8%) died during the course of follow-up. Conclusions: Considering relatively long-term follow-up, patients with TOF and ICDs experience high rates of appropriate ICD therapies, in both primary and secondary prevention. Major ICD-related complications remain, however, high.

Stroke in Young Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Salisbury ◽  
Gerald Pfeffer ◽  
Samuel Yip
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Vascular Disorders ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
Stroke In Young

In women ages 15-45 years, an additional set of risk factors are important in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Some of these pertain strictly to women, and relate to exogenous hormones and pregnancy. Various other conditions are more common in women, which include migraine with aura, selected vascular disorders and autoimmune conditions. These differences do have implications for management in both the primary and secondary prevention of stroke in this age group.

A case-control study of risk factors for industrial low back injury: Implications for primary and secondary prevention programs

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawren H. Daltroy ◽  
Martin G. Larson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Wright ◽  
Susan Malspeis ◽  
Anne H. Fossel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Back Injury ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Low Back Injury ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Marathon Maladies: Venous Thromboembolism Risk Associated with Marathon Running

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Zaleski ◽  
Beth A. Taylor ◽  
Linda S. Pescatello ◽  
Paul D. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Coagulation And Fibrinolysis

Marathon running exposes athletes to thrombogenic risk factors that increase blood clot risk in otherwise healthy athletes. Understanding the effect of these factors on coagulation and fibrinolysis can aid both the practitioner and athlete in primary and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. Accordingly, the purpose of the present review is to synthesize evidence surrounding athlete specific risk for venous thromboembolism.

scholarly journals Use of Cardiovascular Drugs for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among Rural-Dwelling Older Chinese Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Cong ◽  
Yifei Ren ◽  
Tingting Hou ◽  
Xiaolei Han ◽  
Yi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents

Cardiovascular risk factors and related disorders are common among older adults, and use of various classes of cardiovascular (CV) drugs could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, data are sparse with regard to the use of CV drugs among rural-dwelling older adults in China. Therefore, this population-based study aimed to describe use of CV drugs among older adults living in the rural communities in China, while taking into account the use of CV drugs for primary and secondary prevention of CVDs. This study included 5,246 participants (age ≥65 years; 57.17% women; 40.68% illiteracy) in the baseline examination of the MIND-China study. In March-September 2018, data on health-related factors, CVDs (ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke), and CV drug use were collected via face-to-face survey, clinical examination, and laboratory tests. We classified CV drugs according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system for western medications and specific cardiovascular effects for the products of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). We conducted descriptive analysis. The overall prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors ranged from 14.30% in diabetes and 23.81% in dyslipidemia to 66.70% in hypertension, and CVDs affected 35.07% of all participants (36.28% in women vs. 33.47% in men, p = 0.035). In the total sample, calcium channel blockers (C08) were most commonly used (10.39%), followed by TCM products (7.64%), hypoglycemic agents (A10, 4.73%), renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-acting agents (C09, 4.61%), and lipid-lowering agents (C10, 4.17%). The proportions of CV drugs for primary prevention (i.e., use of CV drugs among people without CVD) were 3.14% for antithrombotic agents (mainly aspirin), 1.38% for lipid-lowering agents, and 3.11% for RAS-acting agents; the corresponding figures for secondary prevention (i.e., use of CV drugs among people with CVD) were 13.97%, 9.35%, and 7.39%. In conclusion, despite highly prevalent cardiovascular risk factors and CVDs, a fairly low proportion of the rural-dwelling older adults take CV medications for primary and secondary prevention. Notably, TCM products are among the most commonly used CV drugs. These results call for additional efforts to promote implementation of the evidence-based recommendations for prevention of CVDs in the primary care settings.

scholarly journals Risk factors modification for primary and secondary prevention of atrial fibrillation – Part I

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojša Mujović ◽  
Milan Marinković ◽  
Miroslav Mihajlović ◽  
Nataša Mujović ◽  
Tatjana S. Potpara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention

P5308Mediterranean-style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Stranges ◽  
A Takeda ◽  
N Martin ◽  
L Ellis ◽  
D Wijesekara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Moderate Quality ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
Quality Evidence

Abstract Background Observational studies have confirmed the benefits of adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern on cardiovascular disease (CVD) but the randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence is limited. Objective To determine the effectiveness of a Mediterranean-style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of CVD. Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, DARE, HTA, NHS EED and trial registers (September 2018). We selected RCTs in healthy adults and adults at high risk of CVD (primary prevention) and those with established CVD (secondary prevention). Both of the following key components were required for our definition of a Mediterranean-style diet: high monounsaturated/saturated fat ratio and a high intake of plant based foods, including fruits, vegetables, and legumes. The intervention could be dietary advice, provision of relevant foods or both. The comparison group received either no intervention, minimal intervention, usual care or another dietary intervention. Outcomes included clinical events and CVD risk factors. We included only studies with follow-up periods of 3 months or more. Results Overall, 30 RCTs (12,461 participants randomised) and 7 ongoing trials met our inclusion criteria, whereas 22 primary prevention trials and 6 secondary prevention trials were analysed. Low quality evidence shows little or no effect of the PREDIMED (7747 randomised) intervention (advice to follow a Mediterranean diet plus supplemental extra virgin olive oil or tree nuts) compared to a low fat diet on CVD mortality (HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.5, 1.32)) or total mortality (HR 1.0 (95% CI 0.81, 1.24)) over 4.8 years. There was however a reduction in the number of strokes with the PREDIMED intervention (HR 0.6 (95% CI 0.45, 0.8), moderate quality evidence). For secondary prevention, in the Lyon Diet Heart Study (605 CVD patients), there was moderate quality evidence of a reduction in CVD mortality (HR 0.35 (95% CI 0.15, 0.82)) and total mortality (HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.21, 0.92)) with the intervention, over 46 months. For CVD risk factors, in primary prevention trials, there was low quality evidence for a possible small reduction in total cholesterol (−0.16 mmol/L (95% CI −0.32, 0.00), and moderate quality evidence for a reduction in SBP (−2.99 mmHg (95% CI −3.45, −2.53)) and DBP (−2.0 mmHg (95% CI −2.29, −1.71)). In secondary prevention trials, there was moderate quality evidence of no effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on lipid levels and low or very low quality evidence for blood pressure. Conclusions Despite the relatively large number of studies included in this review, there is still some uncertainty regarding the effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on clinical endpoints and CVD risk factors for both primary and secondary prevention. The ongoing studies may provide more certainty in the future.

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