Reply to Louise Antony

Hypatia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
Naomi Scheman
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Unpublished Paper

In her discussion of Naomi Scheman's “Individualism and the Objects of Psychology” Louise Antony misses the import of an unpublished paper of Scheman's that she cites. That paper argues against token identity theories on the grounds that only the sort of psycho-physical parallelisms that token identity theorists, such as Davidson and Fodor, reject could license the claim that each mental state or event is some particular physical state or event.

אמונה, טהרה וקיום מצוות: שלושת הרבדים של המושג פִטרַה בספרות החַדִית' הסונית

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-91
Author(s):  
Yehonatan Carmeli
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Islamic Literature

In early Islamic literature, the concept of fitra (creation) reflected a vague meaning regarding innate human state. Scholars have generally focused on the perception of fitra as a mental state, and only a few have addressed its physical dimension. This article explores the ancient Sunni Hadith traditions involving fitra and argues that they reflect three different perceptions of fitra: a state of faith (mental state of nature), a physical state, and a behavioral state. Additionally, this essay discusses the possible connection between fitra traditions and prayer, and proposes that central fitra tradition may be based on a Talmudic tradition. Furthermore, it analyzes how traditions quoted by the Hanbali scholar al-Khalal reshaped the perception of fitra as a state of faith in accordance with the predestination doctrine.

A Framework for Understanding UEMSD Theory, Research, and Management

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 634-636
Author(s):  
Edie Adams ◽  
Robert Bettendorf ◽  
Cynthia Purvis ◽  
Mark Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theory Research

UEMSD's (Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders) are complex in terms of causation, identification, treatment and intervention. The users of musculoskeletal disorders research require a better understanding how their action and responsibilities fit into the context of UEMSD causation and intervention theory, research and management. This paper describes a framework to aid in understanding the scope and multi-factorial nature of UEMSD theory, research, and management. The purpose of the framework is to provide a context in which UEMSD's can be discussed. The framework proposes a cyclical loop, which represents an individual's responses during an event cycle. The framework is composed of three elements: Life's Activities, Modifiers, and Outcomes. Both the physical state and mental state of the individual are considered. The physical characteristics of activities and environments are filtered and/or amplified by the presence of individual predisposing or protective factors, resulting in the development health outcomes. The framework espouses a chain of events and effects which shows the potential complexity of the interactions between the factors, which may or may not result in a UEMSD. The framework is discussed in terms of the need for research to broaden the understanding of the role of specific factors in the development of UEMSDs.

On Identifying the Mental with the Physical

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Peter Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Type Identity

Our states of belief and desire are no doubt supervenient on the overall pattern of our physical states. But can this minimal physicalist presumption be strengthened into a claim to the effect that our mental states are each identical with some specific corresponding physical state? A developed identity theory will need, in a sense to be made clear, a schema for specifying the physical state which is supposed to be identical with a given mental state. And there are problems in formulating such a schema. The special difficulties faced here by a type identity theory are well known, and will not be discussed further in this present paper. But equally, there are problems in constructing an identification schema for employment with a token identity theory.

Type Psychology: Its Importance in Mental Hospital Practice

1928 ◽  
Vol 74 (305) ◽  
pp. 223-238
Author(s):  
J. Ernest Nicole
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Hospital Practice

When a patient is admitted to a mental hospital his condition is investigated from a number of angles. His physical state is ascertained, including the condition of his blood and his cerebro spinal fluid; he may be found to exhibit such and such a neuro logical symptom. His mental state is probed into, his intelligence estimated, his emotional reactions noted, his complexes even may be progressively dug up. As a crowning summit to this edifice of knowledge a label is at last attached to the case, and a diagnosis arrived at.

scholarly journals Development of semantic changes in a phraseological feature nominating a person’s emotional state (based on the material of modern Russian prose)

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Natalija E. Pochitalkina ◽  
Alla F. Matushak ◽  
Daria S. Bespalova
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Card Index ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Illustrative Material

This work argues the idea of the semantic priority of phraseological units in expressing of the distinctive qualitative, in particular, emotional, characteristics of a person. We make an attempt to describe phraseological units feature that nominate a person’s emotional state, used in the D.I. Rubina’s works. As a result of a large illustrative material analysis of the author’s card index, the units under consideration can realize the semantics of both negative and positive assessment by a person of objects, state, intelligence, facts and events of reality that cause emotions, as well as rejection of something. A sufficient quantitative representation of emotive units in the author’s card index allows us to identify the “buildup of meanings” in the content of the phraseological units. According to F. Brentano, the traditionally drawn border between the external and the inter-nal is conditional not only because there are phenomena that belong to the field of research both natural science, and psychology. It is found that “...not only the physical changes of the physical state are caused, but the mental – the mental ones, but the physical state can also result in the mental, and the mental state – the physical” (Vide: History of Philosophy: Encyclopedia. Available at: http://velikanov.ru/philosophy/brentano.asp/). Thus, the layering of phraseological nominations of characteristic semantics is presented, the nuclear and peripheral meanings of the substantial volume of the analyzed units are determined.

scholarly journals Are the Mental State Verbs Important For Roma Children’s Understanding of False Belief Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Hristo Kyuchukov
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Very High

Objectives. The aim of the paper is to analyze the process of acquisition of mental state verbs in Romani and in Bulgarian langauges simultaneously by bilingual Roma children. The mental state verbs help the children to understand the Fals Belief Tasks, which predict the Theory of Mind. The theory of mind from other side is important for understanding the intentions, desires, jokes, motivations of others and what are the factors influencing the development of theory of mind Research methods and techniques. Two Roma children from Bulgaria (1 boy and 1 girl) aged 1;0 – 3;0 years were audiorecorded longitudinally in their natural home environment. According to M. Taumoepeau and T. Ruffman (2006), the mental state verbs can be grouped in different categories, showing different states: mental states, physical states, emotions, perception and cognition. The acquired verbs are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results. The data shows that some mental state verbs are acquired in Romani and others in Bulgarian. The factors influencing the acquisition of part of the verbs in Romani and the other part in Bulgarian are analyzed. Mental state verbs are important for the cognitive development of the children. The results show that the the boy uses 100% Romani mental state verbs: very high number of verbs are related to (1) mental states, e.g.: mangav (want), dehav (love), arakhav (care about), džanav (know); (2) emotions: xavxoli (angry), khanile (feeling bad); (3) physical state, e.g.: dukhal (hurt), rovav (cry); (4) sense, such as: dikh (look). The girl uses 89.0% mental state verbs in Romani and 19.0% in Bulgarian language. The learned verbs by her are related to mental state from Romani: mangav (want), džanav (know), darav (be afraid) and from Bulgarian: obicham (love), znam (know), iskam (want). The other verbs from the field of emotions, physical state and sense are from Romani. Conclusions. The resreach although limited has shown that sentences with mental state verbs in a combination with a noun phrase in a simple sentence are acquired around the age of 1;6. The more complex sentences with mental state verb and complementizer phrase are acquired around the age of 2;6 years old.

scholarly journals Semantyka ZDROWIA w języku białoruskim: analiza danych systemowych

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Kozłowska-Doda
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Physical State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Good State ◽  
System Data

The article presents a fragment of the reconstruction of the image of HEALTH in the modern Belarusian language. It is planned to identify the maximum complex of meanings of the concept of HEALTH using the cognitive definition developed by Jerzy Bartminski. The integral cognitive definition arises on the basis of the analysis of three types of data: systemic (lexicographic), empirical (obtained by survey) and textual. This publication contains the results of the analysis of the system data. The author uses obtainable lexicographic works from the field of Belarusian linguistics. Explanatory dictionaries in the meaning of HEALTH pri¬marily emphasize the physical state of the body, the mental state appears in examples, it can be deduced from them but it is absent in the definition. In lexicographic publications, other nuances of the meaning of the word also appear, for example, ‘healthy’ as ‘big, strong, sturdy’. However, etymological studies unambiguously show that the adjective ‘healthy’ originally meant 'tree’, 'good, healthy as a tree'. Etymologists convince us that initially the word characterized the tree as 'strong, hardy, not sick, healthy’, later it expanded its meaning to humans and animals. As follows from the proverbs and beliefs of Belarusians, health is a gift from God – it can be both good and weak, only in modern lexicographic data it is possible to find examples of human actions aimed at securing a good state of health, e. g. physical culture, a sober lifestyle, etc.

Mini-Mental-State

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kaiser ◽  
Renate Gusner-Pfeiffer ◽  
Hermann Griessenberger ◽  
Bernhard Iglseder
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Oder Nicht ◽  
State Examination

Im folgenden Artikel werden fünf verschiedene Versionen der Mini-Mental-State-Examination dargestellt, die alle auf der Grundlage des Originals von Folstein erstellt wurden, sich jedoch deutlich voneinander unterscheiden und zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen kommen, unabhängig davon, ob das Screening von erfahrenen Untersuchern durchgeführt wird oder nicht. Besonders auffällig ist, dass Frauen die Aufgaben «Wort rückwärts» hoch signifikant besser lösten als das «Reihenrechnen». An Hand von Beispielen werden Punkteunterschiede aufgezeigt.

Zur Anwendung der CES-D bei älteren Menschen: Dimensionsstruktur und Meßartefakte

Diagnostica ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Matschinger ◽  
Astrid Schork ◽  
Steffi G. Riedel-Heller ◽  
Matthias C. Angermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Partial Credit ◽  
Examination Score ◽  
State Examination

Zusammenfassung. Beim Einsatz der Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) stellt sich das Problem der Dimensionalität des Instruments, dessen Lösung durch die Konfundierung eines Teilkonstruktes (“Wohlbefinden”) mit Besonderheiten der Itemformulierung Schwierigkeiten bereitet, da Antwortartefakte zu erwarten sind. Dimensionsstruktur und Eignung der CES-D zur Erfassung der Depression bei älteren Menschen wurden an einer Stichprobe von 663 über 75-jährigen Teilnehmern der “Leipziger Langzeitstudie in der Altenbevölkerung” untersucht. Da sich die Annahme der Gültigkeit eines partial-credit-Rasch-Modells sowohl für die Gesamtstichprobe als auch für eine Teilpopulation als zu restriktiv erwies, wurde ein 3- bzw. 4-Klassen-latent-class-Modell für geordnete Kategorien berechnet und die 4-Klassen-Lösung als den Daten angemessen interpretiert: Drei Klassen zeigten sich im Sinne des Konstrukts “Depression” geordnet, eine Klasse enthielt jene Respondenten, deren Antwortmuster auf ein Antwortartefakt hinwiesen. In dieser Befragtenklasse wird der Depressionsgrad offensichtlich überschätzt. Zusammenhänge mit Alter und Mini-Mental-State-Examination-Score werden dargestellt. Nach unseren Ergebnissen muß die CES-D in einer Altenbevölkerung mit Vorsicht eingesetzt werden, der Summenscore sollte nicht verwendet werden.

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