Haiti's Post-Earthquake Transformation: What of Agriculture and Rural Development?

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Shamsie
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
Agriculture And Food

AbstractThis article examines post-earthquake aid to agriculture and food security in Haiti. It argues that the much-heralded increase in assistance to rural development is likely to fall short of expectations because it comes with a superficial rebranding of a not very useful approach. Macroeconomic policy content remains largely nonnegotiable, full trade liberalization is still favored, and a reliance on free market forces that tend to favor relatively well off, export-oriented farmers still lingers. Furthermore, conflicting approaches to addressing food insecurity highlight an already severe democratic deficit. It appears that the contours of agricultural and food security policy, and hence the destinies of rural Haitians, stand to be shaped from the outside yet again. While new aid resources may offer some modest relief, they hold out only limited opportunities for addressing the profound deprivations and disparities that afflict the rural hinterland.

scholarly journals Political economy of food security in least developed nations: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Niraj P Koirala ◽  
Dhiroj P Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Development Paradigm

Conversion of many least developed nations from food exporter to net food importer along with sectoral improvement of other sectors of national economy with international trade liberalization has raised concerns about efficacy of international trade policies to uplift food security condition of such nations. The paper has reviewed literatures emphasizing on political economy of international food and agriculture agreements. Different efforts to restore food security in LDCs are explained together with the logics behind failure of such multinational initiatives to address food insecurity in those nations. Globalization and agrobiodiversity are explained in relevance to food security. The paper concludes that international economic efforts should focus on tackling food insecurity problems with trade policies emphasizing agro-biodiversity promotion in LDCs where majority of citizens are not solvent economically. Similarly, the paper stresses on analysis of food security in LDCs as a sub-component of whole development paradigm in regional and global level.

scholarly journals Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture as A Pathway to Food Security: A Review Mapping the Use of Food Sovereignty

Challenges ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Chihambakwe ◽  
Paramu Mafongoya ◽  
Obert Jiri
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Renewed interest in the nexus between sustainability and food security has led to growing discussions on the use of food sovereignty principles in agricultural practice. As a result of the transfiguration of the urban and socioeconomic landscape in the global South, urban and peri-urban agriculture has been touted as a potential response to increasing food insecurity in cities. Yet, both urban and peri-urban agriculture and food sovereignty have attracted cursory scholarship and programming in Zimbabwe due to fixation on more dominant rural and conventional agriculture. Beyond the rudimentary idea that the urban landscape is unfit for food production, literature has demonstrated that urban households have ingrained urban and peri-urban agriculture into their livelihoods. Regardless, institutional arrangements governing the practice remain ambivalent towards the practice, bringing to question the ability of households to fully exploit the benefits of the practice. This review underscores that failure to involve of all stakeholders undermines urban and peri-urban agriculture, consequently leading to heightened food insecurity and use of unsustainable practices. By delving into the political economy of food, we hope to stimulate discussion centered on food sovereignty within and urban spaces and beyond.

scholarly journals Agriculture Development and Food Security Policy in Eritrea - An Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 01-17
Author(s):  
Ravinder Rena ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Food Assistance ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Agriculture Development

The main economic activity of the people of Eritrea is agriculture: crop production and livestock herding. Agriculture mainly comprises mixed farming and some commercial concessions. Most agriculture is rain-fed. The main rain-fed crops are sorghum, millet and sesame, and the main irrigated crops are all horticultural crops like bananas, onions and tomatoes and cotton. The major livestock production constraints are disease, water and feed shortages and agricultural expansion especially in the river frontages. The agricultural sector employs eighty percent of the working population, but its production has not managed to cover internal food demand and is forced to cover nearly 50 per cent of its annual cereal requirements through imports- commercial and food assistance. Like most African countries, Eritrea is also a victim of the problem of food insecurity. In good years the country produces only about 60 per cent of its total food needs and in poor years, it produces no more than 25 per cent. On average, once in 10 years, the country is threatened with famines. Annual crop production depends on rainfall that is variable and unevenly distributed from year to year. Therefore, the primary goal of Eritrea is to guarantee food security by introducing modern technology, irrigation, terracing, soil and water conservation, with less dependence on rainwater. Thus the Government has articulated its food policy, which stresses national ownership of grant food assistance and to achieve food security in the coming five years. The policy indeed encompasses all sectoral policies and represents the Government’s engagements with regard to food security. Despite the general trends of improvement in the economy of Eritrea, it has not yet fully recovered, and thus will still continue to require variable degrees of food assistance for the coming few more years. Based on this historical and recurrent food insecurity in Eritrea, an attempt is made in this paper to assess the agriculture development and food policy in the country. Furthermore, the paper captures the available food security policy proposals of Eritrea and eventually draws conclusions.

Cherneha O. B., Chepurnova A. V. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF UKRAINE AND POLAND FOOD SECURITY LEVELS

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Rural Development Program ◽  
Security Levels ◽  
The Eu

Objective. The purpose of the article is to compare the levels and mechanisms of food security management in Ukraine and Poland, to identify the main factors influencing the processes of its formation and to determine the directions of increasing the level of Ukraine food security. Methods. The scientific results of the study were obtained using the following methods: theoretical generalization and comparison (for the study of meaningful aspects of the definition of «food security»), analysis and synthesis (for comparative analysis of Ukraine and Poland food security levels), abstract-logical method (for establishing the links between the level of economic development of countries and the levels of their food security and determining the directions of increasing the Ukraine level of food security). Results. On the basis of a comparative analysis of Ukraine and Poland food security levels, a significant gap in Ukraine’s provision of food security has been identified. Thus, with respect to all food security components identified by FAO, except for the «use» of sanitary and safe drinking water, Poland has reached far ahead of Ukraine. It has been found that for the period 2012–2018, the value of the Global Food Security Index for Ukraine decreased by 2.1 due to a decrease in the level of affordability and availability of food, while the Polish side increased its position on GFSI by 2.8 due to the increase in affordability and availability of food in the country. It has been found that the decisive influence on the level of food security in Poland, as well as high ranking in the ranking is carried out by the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the implementation of the Polish Rural Development Program and significant public spending on agriculture. It has been determined that the main directions for improving the level of food security of Ukraine should be: lifting the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land; financing the agri-food sector not only through public spending but also through EU programs; creation and implementation of the National Rural Development Program; full and unconditional implementation of Government programs on EU integration; adaptation to the EU Common Agricultural Policy standards.

Food insecurity transitions among rural households in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽  
Emem Ime Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Food Expenditure

Food insecurity dynamics of rural households in Nigeria was assessed using a panel data. Results showed that 44.4% of households that were food secure in the first panel transited into food insecurity in the second panel, while 32.5% that were mildly food insecure transited into food security. Furthermore, 25.7% transited from moderate food insecurity to food security, while 38.2% transited from severe food insecurity to food security. About 35.1% of households were never food insecure; 11.4% exited food insecurity 28.0% entered food insecurity; while 25.48% remained always food insecure. Having primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, household size, share of non-food expenditure and farm size explained food insecurity transition. However, the likelihood of a household being always food insecure was explained by gender, female-to-male-adult ratio, marital status, primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, share of non-food expenditure, farm size, access to credit and access to remittance.

Urbanization, urban agriculture and food security

Urban Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Antonia D. Bousbaine ◽  
Christopher Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture And Food
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