Reconstruction of an Inn Fire Scene Using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) Program

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S227-S234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Hao Chi
Keyword(s):  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Scene

A Case Study on a Fire Disaster in a Textile Factory

2015 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Min Gen Wu ◽  
Sheng Min Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Fire Scene ◽  
Textile Factory

A large number of factories have been sequentially established in Taiwan following the economic take-off several decades ago. However, this growth in number has led to the prevalence of fire hazards. Factory fires typically cause substantial casualties and property losses, and have therefore become a focal point for research. In the present study, the researchers employed the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to simulate and evaluate a factory fire scene in Taiwan. The fire continued for approximately 74 h, rendering this outbreak the single longest building fire and rescue in Taiwan. By analyzing relevant data, the researchers established a numerical model of the fire scene to simulate, evaluate, and analyze the influences that temperature, smoke conditions, and smoke layer height parameters had on the fire scene. The findings enabled the researchers to better understand the damage conditions that occur during fire outbreaks. The results of this case study can serve as a reference for designing and improving future fire prevention and safety plans.

Experimental and Modeling Uncertainty Considerations for Determining the First Item Ignited in a Compartment Using a Bayesian Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Michael Cabrera ◽  
Robert Moser ◽  
Ofodike A. Ezekoye
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Bayesian Method ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Modeling Uncertainty ◽  
Bayesian Methodology ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Scene

Abstract Fire scene reconstruction and determining the fire evolution (i.e. item-to-item ignition events) using the post-fire compartment is an extremely difficult task because of the time-integrated nature of the observed damages. Bayesian methods are ideal for making inferences amongst hypotheses given observations and are able to naturally incorporate uncertainties. A Bayesian methodology for determining probabilities to items that may have initiated the fire in a compartment from damage signatures is developed. Exercise of this methodology requires uncertainty quantification of these damage signatures. A simple compartment configuration was used to quantify the uncertainty in damage predictions by Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), and a compartment evolution program, JT-risk as compared to experimentally derived damage signatures. Surrogate sensors spaced within the compartment use heat flux data collected over the course of the simulations to inform damage models. Experimental repeatability showed up to 4% uncertainty in damage signatures between replicates . Uncertainties for FDS and JT-risk ranged from 12% up to 32% when compared to experimental damages. Separately, the evolution physics of a simple three fuel package problem with surrogate damage sensors were characterized in a compartment using experimental data, FDS, and JT-risk predictions. An simple ignition model was used for each of the fuel packages. The Bayesian methodology was exercised using the damage signatures collected, cycling through each of the three fuel packages, and combined with the previously quantified uncertainties. Only reconstruction using experimental data was able to confidently predict the true hypothesis from the three scenarios.

Computer Simulation and Analysis on Fire Verification and Smoke Distribution of the Entertainment Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 716-719
Author(s):  
Te Chi Chen ◽  
Chia Chun Yu ◽  
Cherng Shing Lin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Fire Scene ◽  
Fire Accident

Along with the economic growth, more crowded entertainment places are growing dramatically and the safety concerns are no longer contained as usual. The huge property damage and heavy casualties of fire caused by the owner ignorance of safety management or the fall short of the fire resistance specifications. These factors caused serious casualties after fire occurred. This research utilizes Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software to analyze and simulate the fire accident that occurred in a public entertainment places on Po-Li bar, KeeLung City, Taiwan. The computer simulation calculates the fire spread and smoke distribution at the fire scene, and is in reasonable agreement with the post report provided by the fire department and photos. Simulation results of the various important parameters - such as temperature, CO concentration and smoke layer height during the fire time domain are obtained. This study will provide the improvement of fire parameters and suggestions to avoid future unfortunate events.

Assessment of Fire Dynamics Simulator for Heat Flux and Flame Heights Predictions from Fires in SBI Tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Zhang ◽  
Michael Delichatsios ◽  
Matthieu Colobert
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator

An evaluation of fire-plume properties simulated with the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the Clark coupled wildfire model

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2894-2908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiyu Sun ◽  
Mary Ann Jenkins ◽  
Steven K Krueger ◽  
William Mell ◽  
Joseph J Charney
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Model ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Vertical Grid ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Good Agreement

Before using a fluid dynamics physically based wildfire model to study wildfire, validation is necessary and model results need to be systematically and objectively analyzed and compared to real fires, which requires suitable data sets. Observational data from the Meteotron experiment are used to evaluate the fire-plume properties simulated by two fluid dynamics numerical wildfire models, the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the Clark coupled atmosphere–fire model. Comparisons based on classical plume theory between numerical model and experimental Meteotron results show that plume theory, because of its simplifying assumptions, is a fair but restricted rendition of important plume-averaged properties. The study indicates that the FDS, an explicit and computationally demanding model, produces good agreement with the Meteotron results even at a relatively coarse horizontal grid size of 4 m for the FDS, while the coupled atmosphere–fire model, a less explicit and less computationally demanding model, can produce good agreement, but that the agreement is sensitive to surface vertical-grid sizes and the method by which the energy released from the fire is put into the atmosphere.

Numerical Analysis of Evacuation from Taiwan Hsuehshan Tunnel Fire

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1840-1849
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Kuo Da Chou
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Escape Time ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Protection Engineering

Taiwan is an island nation with numerous mountains and few plains. Consequently, the number of tunnel projects has gradually increased and tunnels are becoming longer. Because the number of large tunnels that exceed 1000 meters in length has increased, the effective escape and evacuation of people during a fire and the minimization of injury are crucial to fire protection engineers. For this study, an actual example of a fire that occurred in Hsuehshan Tunnel (12.9 kilometers and the longest tunnel in Southeast Asia) was used. A fire dynamics simulator (FDS) including numerical simulation software was applied to analyze this fire and the relevant information that was collected was compared and verified. The fire site simulation showed the escape and evacuation of people during the fire. Simulations of the original fire site and the possible escape time for people with various attributes were discussed to provide quantitative data and recommendations based on the analysis results, which can serve as a reference for fire protection engineering.

scholarly journals Risco de incêndio numa fossa de resíduos sólidos

2011 ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Emanuel Ferreira ◽  
João Paulo C. Rodrigues ◽  
Leça Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Smoke Transport

Neste artigo é analisado o risco de incêndio numa instalação de tratamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos, nomeadamente ao nível da sua fossa de deposição desses resíduos. Foram realizadas simulações do desenvolvimento do incêndio usando um modelo de duas zonas, o Consolidated Model of Fire and Smoke Transport (CFAST) e um modelo de campo, o Fire Dynamics Simulator and Smokeview (FDS-SMV), ambos do National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), sendo os resultados analisados e discutidos.

scholarly journals Combinatorial Spatial Data Model for Building Fire Simulation and Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Song ◽  
Niu ◽  
Li
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Building Fire ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
Geographic Process ◽  
Fire Scene ◽  
Spatial Data Model

Building fire is a complex geographic process related to the indoor spatial environment, a smart spatial data model can accurately describe the spatial-temporal information of a building fire scene, which is important for modeling a fire process. With the development of fire dynamics and computer science, many building fire models have been proposed and widely used. However, the spatial representation of these models is relatively weak. In this study, a fire process modeled via the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the requirements of a spatial data model are initially analyzed. Then, a new spatial data model named the Combinatorial Spatial Data Model (CSDM) is combined with Geographic Information System (GIS). The key features of the CSDM, which include spatial, semantic, topological, event and state representations of a building fire scene modeled via the CSDM are subsequently presented. In addition, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagram of the CSDM is also presented, and then experiments with a simplified building are conducted as a CSDM implementation case. A method of transferring data from the CSDM to FDS and a building fire analysis approach using the CSDM are subsequently proposed.

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