A Case Study on a Fire Disaster in a Textile Factory

2015 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Min Gen Wu ◽  
Sheng Min Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Fire Scene ◽  
Textile Factory

A large number of factories have been sequentially established in Taiwan following the economic take-off several decades ago. However, this growth in number has led to the prevalence of fire hazards. Factory fires typically cause substantial casualties and property losses, and have therefore become a focal point for research. In the present study, the researchers employed the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to simulate and evaluate a factory fire scene in Taiwan. The fire continued for approximately 74 h, rendering this outbreak the single longest building fire and rescue in Taiwan. By analyzing relevant data, the researchers established a numerical model of the fire scene to simulate, evaluate, and analyze the influences that temperature, smoke conditions, and smoke layer height parameters had on the fire scene. The findings enabled the researchers to better understand the damage conditions that occur during fire outbreaks. The results of this case study can serve as a reference for designing and improving future fire prevention and safety plans.

Fire Computer-Simulated Fire Scene Verification of Entertainment Establishments

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Te Chi Chen ◽  
Tai Yi Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Taichung City ◽  
Taipei City ◽  
Entertainment Establishment ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Fire Scene ◽  
Protection Engineering

Entertainment establishments generally have a high volume of visitors and must pay special attention to enhance fire prevention and safety. In the past 30 years, many cases of serious fires have occurred in entertainment establishments in Taiwan, causing numerous casualties and significant property losses. Examples include the fire incidents at the Welcome Restaurant in Taichung City (64 people were dead) and at the Lunch in Restaurant and the Mythology World KTV in Taipei City (33 people were dead). Consequently, fire protection engineering research for entertainment establishments is extremely important. In this study, a specific bar-type entertainment establishment located in Taichung in 2011 was used as the research subject (9 people were dead).Field model-based fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software was used to reconstruct a numerical model for conducting a case study of the fire scene. Changes in the heat transfer, smoke flow, upper layer temperature, and CO concentration were investigated. This study also verified the fire field the evacuation of people. It is hoped that the results can provide a useful reference for fireproofing or prevention projects in similar entertainment establishments.

Firefighting Tactics during a Fire Event at a Textile Factory

2014 ◽  
Vol 533 ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Chih Chung Lai ◽  
Ming En Wu ◽  
Chia Chun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Textile Factory

Many factories contain chemical substances, raw materials, and finished and semi-finished products; thus, a factory fire can cause substantial property losses and endanger lives. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology was used in this study to simulate a fire event at a textile factory in Taiwan. The circumstances of a 2010 fire event in Zhubei City were recreated using data from the fire department and print media, exploring changes in temperature, smoke, and the concentrations of harmful gases (i.e., carbon monoxide; CO). Criteria were established for judging the firefighting techniques used during the fire event. In other words, simulated results of the FDS were used to analyze and assess the planning and use of firefighting tactics to enhance the efficiency of firefighting and rescue techniques, decrease casualties and property losses, and increase the reference value of this study in its application to fighting future factory fires.

Computer Simulation and Analysis on Fire Verification and Smoke Distribution of the Entertainment Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 716-719
Author(s):  
Te Chi Chen ◽  
Chia Chun Yu ◽  
Cherng Shing Lin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Fire Scene ◽  
Fire Accident

Along with the economic growth, more crowded entertainment places are growing dramatically and the safety concerns are no longer contained as usual. The huge property damage and heavy casualties of fire caused by the owner ignorance of safety management or the fall short of the fire resistance specifications. These factors caused serious casualties after fire occurred. This research utilizes Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software to analyze and simulate the fire accident that occurred in a public entertainment places on Po-Li bar, KeeLung City, Taiwan. The computer simulation calculates the fire spread and smoke distribution at the fire scene, and is in reasonable agreement with the post report provided by the fire department and photos. Simulation results of the various important parameters - such as temperature, CO concentration and smoke layer height during the fire time domain are obtained. This study will provide the improvement of fire parameters and suggestions to avoid future unfortunate events.

scholarly journals A Numerical Analysis of the Fire Characteristics after Sprinkler Activation in the Compartment Fire

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Trong Khoat ◽  
Ji Tea Kim ◽  
Tran Dang Quoc ◽  
Ji Hyun Kwark ◽  
Hong Sun Ryou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Compartment Fire ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Fire Characteristics ◽  
Sprinkler Spray

Understanding fire characteristics under sprinkler spray is valuable for performance-based safety design. However, fire characteristics during fire suppression by sprinkler spray has seldom been studied in detail. In order to present a fire suppression model by sprinkler spray and determine the fire characteristics after sprinkler activation in a compartment, a numerical analysis was conducted using a fire dynamics simulator (FDS). A simple fire suppression model by sprinkler spray was calibrated by comparing ceiling temperatures from experimental data. An extinguishing coefficient of 3.0 was shown to be suitable for the fire suppression model. The effect of sprinkler spray on the smoke layer during fire suppression was explained, revealing a smoke logging phenomenon. In addition, the smoke, which spread under the influence of the sprinkler spray, was also investigated. The temperature, velocity, and mass flow rate of the smoke layer through the doorway was significantly reduced during fire suppression compared to a free burn case.

scholarly journals An Estimation Method of Fire Extinguishing Time in Closed Ship Cabin

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Tang Fang ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
Chen Guofeng ◽  
Xie Jianghui
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Fire Scene ◽  
Closed Environment

There are many potential fire hazards in ship engine cabin, especially in the closed environment of submarine underwater. Fires in cramped cabin are usually harder to put out, therefore, enclosing cabin is a possible means of extinguishing fire. In this paper, typical fire scene in ship engine cabin is analyzed firstly, then a two-layer zone model of engine cabin fire is established combined with structural characteristics of engine cabin. According to the mass conservation and energy conservation, fire smoke layer change rule is described to estimate extinguishing time. At last, typical hydraulic jet fire and electrical fire smoke layer calculation is taken as an example. The result shows that enclosing cabin is a fast and effective method, and the method of estimating fire extinguishing time in engine cabin by this paper is feasible.

scholarly journals Behavior and Preparedness to Fire Hazard in High Density Settlements in Bandung

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saut Sagala ◽  
Ramanditya Wimbardana ◽  
Ferdinand Patrick Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Very High

Fire is one of the hazards that may affect urban areas with high density settlements. Thus, research on fire mitigation is important to be conducted. This paper examines the behavior and preparedness of occupants in high density settlements towards fire risks in urban area. The case study is located at Kelurahan Sukahaji, Kecamatan Babakan Ciparay, Bandung that has very high density settlement as well as prone to fire hazards. This study assess 232 respondents in the study areas on information related to demography, understanding about fire, behavior and preparedness. The respondents understanding on the types of fire sources are still low. Similarly, the behavior related to the activites using fire are still dangerous because some activities are conducted with other activities which make people less aware of the fire hazards. Nevertheless, their knowledge on how to extinguish fires are quite good. This paper recommends more trainings on knowledge of fire source and behavior to be conducted to occupants living in high density settlements in order to reduce fire disaster risk.

Experimental and Modeling Uncertainty Considerations for Determining the First Item Ignited in a Compartment Using a Bayesian Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Michael Cabrera ◽  
Robert Moser ◽  
Ofodike A. Ezekoye
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Bayesian Method ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Modeling Uncertainty ◽  
Bayesian Methodology ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Scene

Abstract Fire scene reconstruction and determining the fire evolution (i.e. item-to-item ignition events) using the post-fire compartment is an extremely difficult task because of the time-integrated nature of the observed damages. Bayesian methods are ideal for making inferences amongst hypotheses given observations and are able to naturally incorporate uncertainties. A Bayesian methodology for determining probabilities to items that may have initiated the fire in a compartment from damage signatures is developed. Exercise of this methodology requires uncertainty quantification of these damage signatures. A simple compartment configuration was used to quantify the uncertainty in damage predictions by Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), and a compartment evolution program, JT-risk as compared to experimentally derived damage signatures. Surrogate sensors spaced within the compartment use heat flux data collected over the course of the simulations to inform damage models. Experimental repeatability showed up to 4% uncertainty in damage signatures between replicates . Uncertainties for FDS and JT-risk ranged from 12% up to 32% when compared to experimental damages. Separately, the evolution physics of a simple three fuel package problem with surrogate damage sensors were characterized in a compartment using experimental data, FDS, and JT-risk predictions. An simple ignition model was used for each of the fuel packages. The Bayesian methodology was exercised using the damage signatures collected, cycling through each of the three fuel packages, and combined with the previously quantified uncertainties. Only reconstruction using experimental data was able to confidently predict the true hypothesis from the three scenarios.

Smoke Transport Calculation during a Wooden Residential Structure Fire

2012 ◽  
Vol 249-250 ◽  
pp. 1082-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Chia Chun Yu ◽  
Te Chi Chen ◽  
Gracie Bui
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Buoyancy Effect ◽  
Military Dependents ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Thermal Buoyancy ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Transport Calculation ◽  
Wooden Structures

This is a case study of cottage housing in Taiwanese military dependents’ villages that are primarily wooden structures with brick walls. When a fire ignited in one of these structures, sufficient air on the exterior of the building promoted the rapid ignition of the wooden structure. Because residents were a woman and child who lacked fire safety and escape knowledge, the fire resulted in two deaths. When fires ignite in wooden structures, toxic particulates in the smoke generated from the burning and decomposition spread rapidly because of thermal buoyancy effect, causing difficulties for escape and rescue. This research utilizes the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software to simulate the fire scenario to discuss the impacts of smoke diffusion at a fire site and analyze the main causes of the fire. We also provide suggestions in the hope of offering information on fire safety precautions for this structure type to prevent future similar disasters.

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