scholarly journals Lesser double-collared sunbirdsNectarinia chalybeado not compensate for hatching asynchrony by adjusting egg mass or yolk androgens

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine M. Eising ◽  
Raquel Robles ◽  
Maarten Lasthuizen ◽  
Ton G. G. Groothuis
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Asynchrony ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Yolk Androgens

Influence of intraclutch egg-mass variation and hatching asynchrony on relative offspring performance within broods of an altricial bird

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1721-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Paul Bitton ◽  
Russell D. Dawson ◽  
Erin L. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Tachycineta Bicolor ◽  
Hatching Asynchrony ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Tree Swallows ◽  
Mass Variation ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Asynchronous Hatching ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Rates of growth and size of nestlings at fledging have important consequences for future survival and reproductive success in many passerine birds. Within broods of altricial species, these characteristics are often influenced by size hierarchies established early in the nesting period due to hatching asynchrony and within-clutch variation in egg mass, but the concurrent effect of these factors is poorly understood. We investigated the relative influence of these variables on nestling performance within broods of tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot, 1808). Nestlings that hatched earlier within nests were heavier and larger than their later-hatched siblings at 4 days of age. Similarly, earlier-hatched nestlings grew their ninth primary flight feathers faster and had longer ninth primaries just prior to fledging than did later-hatched siblings. Differences in egg mass of siblings also contributed to mass and size hierarchies at 4 days of age, but did not affect any other difference in sibling performance. We conclude that within-clutch variation in performance of offspring is determined primarily by size hierarchies resulting from asynchronous hatching. Intraclutch egg-mass variation appears to have little effect on performance of siblings and may be best explained by proximate constraints on females.

scholarly journals Migratory constraints on yolk precursors limit yolk androgen deposition and underlie a brood reduction strategy in rockhopper penguins

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn T. Crossin ◽  
Maud Poisbleau ◽  
Laurent Demongin ◽  
Olivier Chastel ◽  
Tony D. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Hatching Asynchrony ◽  
Brood Reduction ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Yolk Androgens ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Androgen Levels

Hormonally mediated maternal effects link maternal phenotype and environmental conditions to offspring phenotype. The production of lipid-rich maternal yolk precursors may provide a mechanism by which lipophilic steroid hormones can be transported to developing yolks, thus predicting a positive correlation between yolk precursors in mothers and androgen levels in eggs. Using rockhopper penguins ( Eudyptes chrysocome ), which produce a two-egg clutch characterized by extreme egg-size dimorphism, reversed hatching asynchrony and brood-reduction, we examined correlations between circulating concentrations of the primary yolk-precursor vitellogenin (VTG) and levels of yolk androgens. Previous work in Eudyptes penguins has shown that egg-size dimorphism is the product of migratory constraints on yolk precursor production. We predicted that if yolk precursors are constrained, androgen transport to developing yolks would be similarly constrained. We reveal positive linear relationships between maternal VTG and androgens in small A-eggs but not larger B-eggs, which is consistent with a migratory constraint operating on the A-egg. Results suggest that intra-clutch variation in total yolk androgen levels depends on the production and uptake of yolk precursors. The brood reduction strategy common to Eudyptes might thus be best described as the result of a migratory constraint.

scholarly journals Chick Growth and Breeding Success of the Burrowing Parrot

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Masello ◽  
Petra Quillfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Hatching Asynchrony ◽  
Brood Reduction ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Chick Growth ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Nestling Period

Abstract We present the first data on the breeding biology of wild Burrowing Parrots (Cyanoliseus patagonus). We studied chick growth and breeding success at the largest colony of the species in the province of Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina, during the 1999–2000 breeding season. A very high fledging success was observed and related to the absence of nest predation and the colonial breeding system. Safe nest sites were also thought to favor large mass recession of the nestlings before fledging. Mortality during the nestling period tended to be higher for fourth and fifth nestlings of a brood, indicating that brood reduction occurred. Burrowing Parrots in the study colony showed large variability in growth parameters between nestlings, possibly related to the hatching asynchrony observed. Allometric relationships for egg mass, clutch size, relative clutch mass, and nestling period of 29 wild psittaciform species are described and compared with the data from the Burrowing Parrots. Desarrollo de los Pichones y Éxito de Nidificación de Cyanoliseus patagonus Resumen. Presentamos aquí los primeros datos de la biología reproductiva en estado silvestre del loro Cyanoliseus patagonus. Se estudió el crecimiento de los pichones y el éxito de nidificación en la colonia más importante de la especie (provincia de Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina) durante la temporada de cría 1999–2000. Se observó un alto éxito de emplumamiento de los pichones relacionado a la ausencia de depredación en el nido y al sistema colonial de nidificación que presenta la especie. Los sitios de nidificación seguros habrían favorecido la pronunciada pérdida de masa corporal observada en los pichones antes de abandonar el nido. La mortalidad durante el período de nidificación tendió a ser más alta para el cuarto y quinto pichón de la nidada, indicando la existencia de reducción de la camada. Los loros de la colonia estudiada mostraron gran variabilidad en los parámetros de desarrollo de los distintos pichones, estando ésto posiblemente relacionado con el nacimiento asincrónico de los pichones. Se describen también relaciones alométricas para la masa del huevo, el tamaño de la nidada, la masa relativa de la nidada y el período de permanencia en el nido de 29 psittaciformes silvestres y se comparan con los datos de C. patagonus.

Probiotics in the diets of laying quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. Merzlyakova ◽  
V. Rogachyev ◽  
V. Chegodaev
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Cost

The efficiency of introducing probiotics based on strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium in the amount of 150 g/t of feed into the diets of laying quails has been studied. The experiment lasting 182 days has been carried out on four groups of quails with 30 heads in each. The quails have been housed in the broiler battery in compliance with the required microclimate conditions. Quails of all groups have been received the main diet (compound feed) developed taking into account their age and physiological characteristics. The quails of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in addition to the main diet received probiotics (150 g/t compound feed) based on strains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium, respectively. It has been found that feeding the laying quails of the consortium of strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis had the most significant positive impact on their productive performance, it allowed to increase egg production by 7,81 %, egg laying intensity by 5,0 %, egg mass yield by 9,77 %, while reducing feed expenditures for 10 eggs by 13,35 %. The yield of hatching eggs has been increased by 7,03 %, hatchability of chickens from laid and fertilized eggs by 8,33 and 8,35 %, brooding waste decreased by 21,74 %. Hematological parameters of quails during the whole experiment were within the physiological norm. The economic effect calculated on the basis of data on the cost of compound feed, probiotics and the cost of sold eggs of quail laying was 14,56 % in the 3rd experimental group (in relation to the control group).

scholarly journals First evidence for a latitudinal body mass effect in extant Crocodylia and the relationships of their reproductive characters

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-887
Author(s):  
Rebecca J Lakin ◽  
Paul M Barrett ◽  
Colin Stevenson ◽  
Robert J Thomas ◽  
Matthew A Wills
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Phylogenetically Independent Contrasts ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Female Body Mass

Abstract Relationships between distribution patterns and body size have been documented in many endothermic taxa. However, the evidence for these trends in ectotherms generally is equivocal, and there have been no studies of effects in crocodylians specifically. Here, we examine the relationship between latitudinal distribution and body mass in 20 extant species of crocodylians, as well as the relationships between seven important reproductive variables. Using phylogenetically independent contrasts to inform generalized linear models, we provide the first evidence of a latitudinal effect on adult female body mass in crocodylians. In addition, we explore the relationships between reproductive variables including egg mass, hatchling mass and clutch size. We report no correlation between egg mass and clutch size, upholding previously reported within-species trends. We also find no evidence of a correlation between measures of latitudinal range and incubation temperature, contrasting with the trends found in turtles.

scholarly journals New terpenoid metabolites from the skin extracts, an egg mass, and dietary sponges of the Northeastern Pacific dorid nudibranch Cadlinaluteomarginata

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Dumdei ◽  
Julia Kubanek ◽  
John E. Coleman ◽  
Jana Pika ◽  
Raymond J. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
First Time

Chemical investigations of Cadlinaluteomarginata skin extracts, egg masses, and dietary sponges have led to the identification of the novel terpenoids cadlinaldehyde (30), spongian 32, seco-spongian 35, 20-acetoxy-12-marginatone (38), and lutenolide (39) from the nudibranch skin extracts, the new drimane sesquiterpenoid 1α,2α-diacetoxyalbicanyl acetate (40) from the nudibranch's egg mass, and the new sesquiterpenoids O-methyl-9-oxofurodysininlactone (47), 2-oxomicro-cionin-2-lactone (48), and O-methyl-2-oxomicrocionin-2-lactone (49), from the dietary sponge Pleraplysilla sp. The known terpenoids furodysinin (1), furodysin (16), marginatafuran (21), and 9,11-dihydrogracillin A (37), which have been frequently isolated from C. luteomarginata skin extracts, were found for the first time in extracts of the dietary sponges Pleraplysilla sp. and Aplysilla sp. One of the new terpenoids, cadlinaldehyde (30), has an unprecedented degraded sesterterpenoid skeleton. Keywords: nudibranch, sponge, terpenoids, structure elucidation.

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