Outdoor Air Contaminants and Indoor Air Quality under Transient Conditions

Indoor Air ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars E. Ekberg
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Transient Conditions

Indoor and Outdoor Air Contaminants Coupling Relationship and Measures of Improving Indoor Air Quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 711-717
Author(s):  
Shi Bin Geng ◽  
Ming Xing Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Coupling Relationship ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

This article use several different physical models to describe coupling relationship between indoor and outdoor air contaminants ,analysis the principle of the air filter air purification, discuss all the filters’ roles in improving IAQ.

scholarly journals Energy Production in Solar Collectors in a University Building Used to Improve the Internal Thermal Conditions in Winter Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Eusébio Conceição ◽  
João Gomes ◽  
Mª Manuela Lúcio ◽  
Hazim Awbi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Transient Conditions ◽  
Winter Conditions

In this numerical study the energy production in solar collectors in a University building used to improve the internal thermal conditions is made. Passive and active solutions, using external solar collector and internal thermo-convectors, are used. The numerical simulation, in transient conditions, is done for a winter typical day with clean sky. This numerical study was carried out using a software that simulates the Building Dynamic Response with complex topology in transient conditions. The software evaluates the human thermal comfort and indoor air quality levels that the occupants are subjected, Heated Ventilation and Air Conditioned energy consumption, indoor thermal variables and other parameters. The university building has 107 compartments and is located in a Mediterranean-type environment. External solar water collectors, placed above the building’s roof, and internal thermo-convectors of water/air type, using mixing ventilation, are used as passive and active strategies, respectively. The thermal comfort level, using the Predicted Mean Vote index, and the indoor air quality, using the carbon dioxide concentration, are evaluated. The results show that in winter conditions the solar collectors improve the thermal comfort conditions of the occupants. The indoor air quality, in all ventilated spaces, is also guaranteed.

Investigation on Indoor Air Quality of Public Sites in Tainan Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 1413-1417
Author(s):  
Yi Tun Wang ◽  
Jui Chi Chiu ◽  
Yi Chyun Hsu ◽  
Ting Nien Wu ◽  
Yun Hwei Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Fitness Center ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Crowd Control ◽  
Hospital School

This study selected 21 representative public sites for the survey of indoor air quality in Tainan area, including hospital, school, fitness center, government office, library, theater, transport station, and supermarket. Indoor air quality was first assessed by direct detection apparatus, including CO2, CO, HCHO, TVOCs, bacteria, fungi, PM10, PM2.5, O3 and temperature. Based on the results of walk-through detection, the spatial distribution of indoor air contaminants was further measured in a 24 hour period by the EPA standard method. The detailed measurements illustrated HCHO, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations are lower than the suggested threshold levels in all public sites. CO2 concentrations at hospitals and school are all exceeding category 1 threshold of 600 ppm. Bacteria exceeding the suggested threshold of 500 CFU/m3 for category 1 and 1000 CFU/m3 for category 2 is popular at most public sites. One fitness center was found exceeding the TVOCs threshold of 3 ppm, and outdoor air can be a potential source. The high levels of CO2 and bacteria were a common indoor air quality problem, and the regulated strategy of crowd control and air conditioning management was required for a healthy indoor environment.

scholarly journals The Determination of Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort with Different Space and Ventilation in the Teracce and Bungalow Houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 774-793
Author(s):  
Nur Baitul Izati Rasli ◽  
Nor Azam Ramli ◽  
Mohd Rodzi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Air Movement

This study observed the influence of different ventilation, indoor and outdoor activities (i.e., cooking, praying, sweeping, gathering, and exhaust from motorcycle) between a bungalow house (i.e., stack and cross ventilation applications) and a terrace house (i.e., one-sided ventilation application). We appraised the indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort. We monitored the indoor air contaminants (i.e., TVOC, CO, CH2O, PM10, O3, and CO2) and specific physical parameters (i.e., T, RH, and AS) for four days in the morning (i.e., 6.00 a.m. – 9.00 a.m.), morning-evening (i.e., 11.00 a.m. – 2.00 p.m.), and evening-night (i.e., 5.00 p.m. – 8.00 p.m.) sessions. The results found that cooking activities are the major activities that contributed to the increase of the TVOC, CO, PM10, O3, and CO2 concentrations in the bungalow and terrace houses. However, IAQ exceeded the Industry Code of Practice on IAQ (ICOP) limit in the terrace house. The bungalow house applies stack and cross ventilation, double area, and a long pathway of indoor air contaminants movements. Besides that, the results indicated that cooking activities worsen the ventilation system because CO2 exceeded the ICOP limit on Day 2 at 74.1 % (evening-night session) and Day 3 at 13.2 % (morning session), 11% (morning-evening session), and 50.1 % (evening-night session). Moreover, the combination of mechanical (i.e., opened all fans) and natural ventilation (i.e., opened all doors, windows, and fans) is the best application in the house without a cooking ventilator with lower indoor air movement. Furthermore, the temperatures exceeding the ICOP limit of 23-26 °C for both bungalow and terrace houses could be lower indoor air movement, which is less than the ICOP limit of 0.15-0.5 m/s and high outdoor air temperature. Therefore, it is prudent to have an efficient ventilation system for acceptable indoor air quality and thermal comfort in the family house.

scholarly journals Challenges for Indoor Air Quality Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Erem Admin ◽  
Violeta Kaunelienė
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Air Quality Management ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Developed Countries

We live indoors. In the developed countries, people spent80-90% of time in buildings. Therefore, among the environmentalfactors, indoor air quality (IAQ) is a significant,if not the most significant, factor affecting human health.Scientific evidence has indicated that indoor air can bemore seriously polluted than the outdoor air in even thelargest and most industrialized cities. Indoor air pollutioncauses long- and short-term health problems and, dependingon the severity, can even make staying indoorsvery uncomfortable. Management of IAQ is a complicatedtask due to complexity of pollution sources and alimited number of measures applicable such as reducingcontaminants at the source, improving ventilation, and,when relevant, purifying the indoor air

scholarly journals INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN INDIA AND HEALTH HAZARDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Rekha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Indoor Spaces

The ambient air quality in Indian cities has degraded to hazardous levels over the last two decades. People are exposed to extreme health risks due to increasing particulate matter, hazardous airborne agents in indoor spaces Outdoor air quality is affecting indoor air quality too.(1) Indoor air pollution is the degradation of indoor air quality by harmful chemicals and other materials; it can be up to 10 times worse than outdoor air pollution.  Over a million people in India die every year because of indoor air pollution, among highest in the world,(2). Indoor air pollution can be traced to prehistoric times when humans first moved to temperate climates and it became necessary to construct shelters and use fire inside them for cooking, warmth and light. (3) Approximately half the world’s population and up to 90% of rural households in developing countries still rely on unprocessed biomass fuels in the form of wood, dung and crop residues (4). Even today, about 43 percent of rural households and 31 percent of all Indian households use kerosene, for lighting purposes. Its impact on health and environment can be threatening.

scholarly journals Investigation of air pollutants in rural nursery school – a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mainka ◽  
Elwira Zajusz-Zubek ◽  
Barbara Kozielska ◽  
Ewa Brągoszewska
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Nursery Schools ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Children’s exposure to air pollutants is an important public health challenge. Indoor air quality (IAQ) in nursery school is believed to be different from elementary school. Moreover, younger children are more vulnerable to air pollution than higher grade children because they spend more time indoors, and their immune systems and bodies are less mature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indoor air quality (IAQ) at naturally ventilated rural nursery schools located in Upper Silesia, Poland. We investigated the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), bacterial and fungal bioaerosols, as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in younger and older children's classrooms during the winter and spring seasons. The concentration of the investigated pollutants in indoor environments was higher than those in outdoor air. The results indicate the problem of elevated concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 inside the examined classrooms, as well as that of high levels of CO2 exceeding 1,000 ppm in relation to outdoor air. The characteristics of PM and CO2 levels were significantly different, both in terms of classroom occupation (younger or older children) and of season (winter or spring).

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