Y-BODY DETECTION IN FORMALIN-FIXED LYMPH NODES, USING PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES AND OXIDATIVE DEAMINATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 95A (1-6) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
JØRGEN L. THOMSEN ◽  
IDA M. LISSE ◽  
NIELS H. HOLLAENDER
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Oxidative Deamination ◽  
Formalin Fixed

scholarly journals Comparison of the Antigen Distribution of Two US Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates with that of the Lelystad Virus

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Halbur ◽  
P. S. Paul ◽  
M. L. Frey ◽  
J. Landgraf ◽  
K. Eernisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lelystad Virus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Formalin Fixed

One hundred 4-week-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated with one of two different US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates (VR2385, VR2431) or the European Lelystad virus to detect and compare the location and amount of virus antigen. Interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis, lymphadenopathy, and encephalitis were consistently seen in all three groups; however, disease and lesions were more severe in the VR2385 group. Immunohistochemical evaluation of formalin-fixed tissues revealed virus antigen in alveolar macrophages in lungs of 22/25, 14/25, 14/25, and 0/25 of the VR2385, VR2431, Lelystad, and control pigs, respectively. Follicular macrophages and dendritic cells in the lymph nodes of 14/25, 10/25, 10/25, and 0/25 pigs from the VR2385, VR2431, Lelystad, and control groups, respectively, stained positive for virus antigen. Similar cells in the tonsils from 25/25, 21/25, 23/25, and 0/25 pigs from the VR2385, VR2431, Lelystad, and control groups, respectively, stained positive for virus antigen. Other tissues and cells in which virus antigen was detected included macrophages and endothelial cells in the heart, macrophages, and interdigitating cells in the thymus, macrophages and dendritic cells in the spleen and Peyer's patches, and macrophages in hepatic sinusoids, renal medullary interstitium, and adrenal gland. PRRSV persisted in macrophages in the lung, tonsil, lymph node, and spleen for at least 28 days. Significantly more PRRSV antigen was detected in the lung ( P < 0.01), lymph nodes ( P ≤ 0.05), and tonsils ( P < 0.05) of the VR2385 pigs than was detected in the same tissues of the VR2431 and Lelystad pigs. The cell types in which PRRSV antigen was detected and the distribution of PRRSV antigen-positive cells within particular tissues and organs were generally similar for the different virus inoculation groups despite differences in virulence of the isolates.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural localization of intracellular immunoglobulins in Epon-embedded human lymph nodes. An immunoelectron microscopic investigation using the immunogold staining (IGS) and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) methods.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Viale ◽  
P Dell'Orto ◽  
P Braidotti ◽  
G Coggi
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Immunogold Staining ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Immunocytochemical Techniques ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

The ultrastructural localization of intracellular immunoglobulins on ultrathin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed, postosmicated, and Epon-embedded human lymph nodes has been achieved using such highly sensitive immunocytochemical techniques as immunogold staining and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. These immunoelectron microscopic techniques allow the identification of intracellular immunoglobulins without affecting the ultrastructural morphology of the tissue, since they do not require any pretreatment of the sections with proteolytic enzymes or deresinating agents. Therefore, immunoglobulins can be precisely localized in the cell organelles; structures whose morphology is well preserved. The availability of a reliable postembedding staining procedure for the ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins is of definite value for investigations on human lymphoid tissue, both normal and pathological.

scholarly journals PCV2-DNA in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded lymph nodes of wild boar (Sus scrofa ssp. scrofa): one sampling approach for two laboratory techniques

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Morandi ◽  
Serena Panarese ◽  
Ranieri Verin ◽  
Fabio Ostanello ◽  
Cinzia Benazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
Sampling Approach

Gene expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph nodes

2010 ◽  
Vol 359 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariastefania Antica ◽  
Mladen Paradzik ◽  
Sanja Novak ◽  
Sonja Dzebro ◽  
Marija Dominis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Formalin Fixed

scholarly journals The influence of protease digestion and duration of fixation on the immunostaining of keratins. A comparison of formalin and ethanol fixation.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1095-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Battifora ◽  
M Kopinski
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Optimal Length ◽  
Protease Digestion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Formalin Fixed

The effect of three proteases--trypsin, pepsin, and pronase--on the immunohistochemical staining of keratins with a broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody was investigated in paraffin sections of formalin and ethanol-fixed tissues by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Both the length of exposure to the fixative and the duration of proteolysis were varied over a wide range. Ethanol-fixed tissues showed excellent preservation of the antigenicity of keratins, and no appreciable differences in immunostaining related to the length of fixation were found. The use of proteolytic enzymes did not improve these results; on the contrary, it caused rapid tissue disintegration. Formalin-fixed epithelial tissues stained weakly or failed to stain unless they were treated with a proteolytic enzyme. The optimal length of proteolysis varied with the degree of fixation; tissues that were fixed for long periods of time in formalin required longer exposure to a proteolytic enzyme and were more resistant to digestion than were tissues that were fixed briefly. No significant advantage of one protease over another was found in this study. We conclude that a proteolytic step must precede immunostaining for keratins if the tissue is fixed in formalin, but that the digestion period must be adjusted according to the length of exposure to the fixative. The superiority of alcohol over formalin fixation for the preservation of the antigenicity of keratins is confirmed by this study.

Elemental identification by x-ray images of pathologic tissue

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
Virgil R. Mumaw
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Formalin Fixed Tissue ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Lung Lymph ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Elemental localization in biological specimens, using x-ray microanalysis, can best be demonstrated with x-ray images. X-ray images provide useful detail about elemental localization as well as relative quantitative information. The comparison of different elements using color overlay images graphically demonstrates interrelationships in ultrathin sections. Pathology specimens with unknown crystal formations were studied using x-ray imaging.Formalin fixed tissue from autopsy and surgical pathology were examined. For this study lung, lymph nodes and skin were used. Some specimens were removed from paraffin blocks and deparaffinized prior to processing for electron microscopy. Tissues were dehydrated and embedded in PolyBed epoxy resin (Polysciences, Warrington, PA). No osmium postfixation was used. Thin unstained sections were coated with carbon using a vacuum evaporator. The sections were examined and analyzed using a Philips EM 400 TEM/STEM microscope equipped with an EDAX PV9900 microanalyzer with the EDAX imaging package. X-ray images were collected using dwell times varying from 10 msec to 1 sec. Longer dwell times resulted in collection times as long as 14 hrs.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Demonstration of African Horse Sickness Viral Antigen in Formalin-fixed Equine Tissues

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wohlsein ◽  
J. F. Pohlenz ◽  
F. L. Davidson ◽  
J. S. Salt ◽  
C. Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Formalin Fixed

The distribution of viral antigen was studied in various tissues of three ponies, aged 3-4 years, infected experimentally with a virulent strain of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) serotype 4. Tissues were collected from the animals in the terminal stage of the peracute form of the disease and from one noninfected horse, included as a control. A polyclonal antibody with specificity for AHSV, plus the nonstructural protein NS2, was used in a sensitive avidin–biotin–peroxidase-complex (ABC) method performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. AHSV antigen was located primarily in endothelial cells of capillaries and small venous and arteriolar vessels, particularly of cardiopulmonary tissues. Viral antigen was also identified in cells resembling macrophages and in reticular cells of spleen and lymph nodes. The pattern of viral antigen labeling in some lymph nodes along the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles was compatible with the morphology of cellular processes of follicular dendritic cells. In some tissues, viral antigen was detected occasionally in circulating cells, probably monocytes, within the larger vessels. These findings suggest that endothelial cells, and to a lesser extent mononuclear cells, are the main target cells of AHSV infection during the late stage of the peracute form of the disease.

Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Cutaneous Melanoma: Handling, Examination, and Clinical Repercussion

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 1764-1769
Author(s):  
Victor G. Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Nodes ◽  
Melanoma Metastasis ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Positive Slns ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract Context—Within the last 15 years, evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) has become the most popular method of early staging of several malignancies, including melanoma. Sentinel lymph nodes are usually examined on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections and by routine histology/immunohistochemistry (research protocols have used other techniques such as polymerase chain reaction). Approximately 20% of patients with cutaneous melanoma have metastasis in the SLN. In most studies, detection of positive SLN conveys a poorer prognosis for patients with cutaneous melanoma. Objective—To review the morphologic patterns of melanoma metastasis in the SLN, the differential diagnosis, and the quantification of tumor burden as a prognostic factor. Data Sources—Personal observations and review of the pertinent literature. Conclusions—Evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes is certainly becoming a widespread technique and most authors agree on its prognostic power for staging patients with cutaneous melanoma. Current studies are evaluating the possible therapeutic value of removal of positive SLNs.

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