scholarly journals Comparison of the Antigen Distribution of Two US Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates with that of the Lelystad Virus

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Halbur ◽  
P. S. Paul ◽  
M. L. Frey ◽  
J. Landgraf ◽  
K. Eernisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lelystad Virus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Formalin Fixed

One hundred 4-week-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated with one of two different US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates (VR2385, VR2431) or the European Lelystad virus to detect and compare the location and amount of virus antigen. Interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis, lymphadenopathy, and encephalitis were consistently seen in all three groups; however, disease and lesions were more severe in the VR2385 group. Immunohistochemical evaluation of formalin-fixed tissues revealed virus antigen in alveolar macrophages in lungs of 22/25, 14/25, 14/25, and 0/25 of the VR2385, VR2431, Lelystad, and control pigs, respectively. Follicular macrophages and dendritic cells in the lymph nodes of 14/25, 10/25, 10/25, and 0/25 pigs from the VR2385, VR2431, Lelystad, and control groups, respectively, stained positive for virus antigen. Similar cells in the tonsils from 25/25, 21/25, 23/25, and 0/25 pigs from the VR2385, VR2431, Lelystad, and control groups, respectively, stained positive for virus antigen. Other tissues and cells in which virus antigen was detected included macrophages and endothelial cells in the heart, macrophages, and interdigitating cells in the thymus, macrophages and dendritic cells in the spleen and Peyer's patches, and macrophages in hepatic sinusoids, renal medullary interstitium, and adrenal gland. PRRSV persisted in macrophages in the lung, tonsil, lymph node, and spleen for at least 28 days. Significantly more PRRSV antigen was detected in the lung ( P < 0.01), lymph nodes ( P ≤ 0.05), and tonsils ( P < 0.05) of the VR2385 pigs than was detected in the same tissues of the VR2431 and Lelystad pigs. The cell types in which PRRSV antigen was detected and the distribution of PRRSV antigen-positive cells within particular tissues and organs were generally similar for the different virus inoculation groups despite differences in virulence of the isolates.

A Basis for Distinguishing Cultured Dendritic Cells and Macrophages in Cytospins and Fixed Sections

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Vakkila ◽  
Michael T. Lotze ◽  
Connie Riga ◽  
Ronald Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Reliable Identification ◽  
Formalin Fixed Tissue ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Formalin Fixed

There is a burgeoning literature on the contrasting role of intratumoral dendritic cells (DCs) and tumor-associated macrophages, making reliable identification of both cell types in clinical and experimental tissue sections important. However, because these cell types are closely related and share several differentiation antigens, their absolute distinction in tissue sections is difficult. We differentiated DCs and macrophages from monocytes in vitro, prepared cytospins and paraffin-embedded sections of the various cell populations, and tested a variety of antibodies that purportedly recognize monocytes and DCs for their capacity to react and distinguish cells after conventional formalin fixation. Cultured DCs but not macrophages were detected by fascin, DC-LAMP, and CD83 with a predictable increase in staining that paralleled their maturation. Staining by CD1a was found on immature DCs but was weak and absent on mature DCs and macrophages, respectively. CD14 and CD163 were characteristic for macrophages and absent on DCs. CD68, HLA-DR, and S100 did not discriminate between DCs and macrophages. We conclude that antigens such as HLA-DR and S100 are not in themselves sufficient for identification of DCs in formalin-fixed tissue sections, but that additional macrophage-specific (CD14, CD163) and DC-specific (CD1a, CD83, fascin, DC-LAMP) antigens should be used to distinguish cell types from each other and to provide information on their state of maturation.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Detection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Antigen in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues with Correlation to Clinicopathologic Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Lavina Gracia G. Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Prrs Virus ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used in this study to detect the presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) antigen using monoclonal antibody (Mab SDOW17) in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues of lung, lymph node, heart, spleen, and kidney of pre- weaning to less than 90 day old pigs. Out of the 25 tissue samples examined from swine cases of the Philippine Animal Health Center (PAHC), Bureau of Animal Industry and College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM) Histopathology Laboratory, University of the Philippines-Los Baños (UPLB), 14 or 56% (14/25) were IHC positive for PRRSV antigen.  Among the selected tissue samples, the PRRS virus was detected the most in the lymph nodes (64%) and lungs (40%), respectively, compared to other organs such as spleen (33%), kidney (28%), and the heart (17%). Only 43% (6/14) of cases coincided with the pathogenesis and clinicopathologic lesions of PRRS which are proliferative interstitial pneumonia and lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and necrosis. PRRS positive cases in IHC were consistently found to have co-infections with viral and bacterial diseases. Since PRRSV has tropism for macrophages and destruction of these cells leads to immunosuppression, affected animals are vulnerable to secondary infections. Keywords: formalin-fixed;  immunohistochemistry;  paraffin embedded tissue;  piglets;  Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome; PRRS virus antigen; Mab SDOW17 

scholarly journals Hydatid Cyst Protoscolices Induce Cell Death in WEHI-164 Fibrosarcoma Cells and Inhibit the Proliferation of Baby Hamster Kidney FibroblastsIn Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Yousofi Darani ◽  
Narges Soozangar ◽  
Soliman Khorami ◽  
Fatomeh Taji ◽  
Mortaza Yousofi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Baby Hamster Kidney ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Fibrosarcoma Cells ◽  
And Control

Bothin vitroandin vivomodels have demonstrated that some parasites can interfere with tumor cell growth. The present study investigates the anticancer activity of hydatid cyst protoscolices on WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells and baby hamster kidney (BHK) fibroblast cellsin vitro. Those above two cell types were treated with live hydatid cyst protoscolices or left untreated for control groups. After 48 h, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell counts were assayed for both treated cells and control groups. Following treatment with hydatid cyst protoscolices, cell proliferation of both cell types was inhibited, and lysis of fibrosarcoma cells increased. Based on these results, it appears that hydatid cyst protoscolices have strong anticancer activity, and additional studies are needed to further clarify the mechanisms of this activity.

Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Utility of the ProCore Biopsy Needle for Lymph Node Sampling

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Xing ◽  
Steven Manos ◽  
Sara E. Monaco ◽  
David O. Wilson ◽  
Liron Pantanowitz
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Endobronchial Ultrasound ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Transbronchial Needle Aspiration ◽  
Biopsy Needle ◽  
And Control

Objective: The ProCore ultrasound biopsy needle, used primarily to obtain intra-abdominal tissue core biopsies, has not been widely used for endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). In this pilot study we evaluated the utility of the ProCore needle for sampling mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes during EBUS-TBNA. Design: Thirty-two patients were identified using both ProCore and conventional fine-needle aspiration (FNA) needles for sampling mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes (the study group). Another 33 patients underwent EBUS-TBNA using an FNA needle only (the control group). Specimen satisfactory rates were compared between the study and control groups. Aspirate smears and cell blocks were evaluated for the cellularity of lesional cells and bronchial contamination in a subset of patients in the study group. Results: Overall, the ProCore needle did not show additive value to specimen adequacy when comparing the satisfactory rates of the study and control groups (94 vs. 89%). The ProCore needle also did not procure significantly more lesional cells than the FNA needle. Conclusion: Our experience shows that the ProCore needle does not provide additive value when performing an FNA of mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes. The evaluation of more cases with this new technique is necessary to better determine the clinical utility of using ProCore during EBUS-TBNA.

scholarly journals The Association between Cleaning and Disinfection of Lairage Pens and the Prevalence of Salmonella enterica in Swine at Harvest

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1384-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEGGY L. SCHMIDT ◽  
ANNETTE M. O'CONNOR ◽  
JAMES D. McKEAN ◽  
H. SCOTT HURD
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disinfection Procedure ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

A series of four field trials were conducted to evaluate the ability of a cleaning and disinfection procedure in swine lairage pens to reduce the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in slaughtered pigs. A cleaning and disinfection procedure was applied to lairage pens at a large Midwest abattoir. Each trial consisted of a cleaned (alkaline chloride detergent) and disinfected (H2O2 plus peracetic acid sanitizer) pen (treated) and a control pen, each holding 90 to 95 pigs for 2 to 3 h before slaughter. Ileocecal lymph nodes, cecal contents, and rectal contents were collected from 45 pigs from each study pen at harvest and cultured for S. enterica. In all trials, cleaning and disinfection reduced the prevalence of S. enterica–positive floor swabs in the treated pen (P &lt; 0.05). However, the postharvest prevalence of S. enterica–positive pigs varied between trials. In trial 1, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of S. enterica in pigs between treatment and control groups. In trials 2 and 3, the prevalence of S. enterica was higher in pigs from treated pens versus pigs from control pens (91% versus 40%, P &lt; 0.0001, and 91% versus 24%, P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). In trial 4, the prevalence of S. enterica was lower in pigs from treated pens compared with pigs from control pens (5% versus 42%, P &lt; 0.0001). This study indicates that cleaning and disinfection effectively reduces the amount of culturable S. enterica in lairage pens, but the ability of cleaned and disinfected pens to reduce the prevalence of S. enterica in market-weight pigs remains inconclusive.

Study on Dendritic Cells in Peripheral Blood of the Patients with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia/Evans Syndromes.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3874-3874
Author(s):  
Zonghong Shao ◽  
Limin Xing ◽  
Huaquan Wang ◽  
Meifeng Tu ◽  
Rong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Costimulatory Molecules ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract Objective To study the alteration of the numbers and the subsets of DCs in perpheral blood of the patients with AIHA/Evans syndromes and also the costimulation molecules on the surface of DCs. Methods Labeled with three-color immune monoclonal antibodies, total DC, pDC and mDC in the peripheral blood (PB) of 14 cases with AIHA and 21 normal controls were detected by Facs. The expressions of CD80, CD86 andCD40 on DCs in the PB of 14 cases with AIHA/Evans syndomes and 6 normal controls were detected. Results The percentage of the total DCs in the PB (DC/PBMNC) of AIHA/Evans syndromes cases((11.41±3.91)%)was significantly higher than that of in the normal controls((1.95±0.66)%) (t=2.384, p=0.032).mDC in the PB of the AIHA/Evans syndromes patients ((10.29±3.90)%) was significantly higher than that of controls((1.26±0.46)%)(t=2.297, p=0.038). But pDC in the PB of AIHA/Evans cases((1.12±0.68)%)was not different from that of controls((0.68±0.23)%)(t=0.612, p=0.55). The proportion of pDC to DC in the PB of the patients((21.26±5.99)%)was significant lower than that of normal controls((40±3.14)%)(t=2.77, p=0.012). Whereas, the proportion of mDC to DC in the PB of the patients((75.93±6.79)%)was higher than that of normal controls((59.99±3.23)%)(t=2.77, p=0.012). mDC in the PB of normal controls((1.26±0.46)%) was not different from their pDC((0.68±0.23)%). mDC of the patient with AIHA/Evans cases((10.29±3.90)%) was higher than their pDC((1.12±0.68)%)(t=2.316, p=0.036). CD80, CD86 and CD40 expressions on DCs in PB of AIHA/Evans syndromes patients were (7.63±4.71)%, (13.55±4.57)% and (1.68±1.04)% respectively. Those of normal controls were (1.24±0.70)%, (3.21±1.55)% and (0.28±0.16)% respectively. There was a significant difference of the expression of CD86 between the patients and control groups (t=2.142, p=0.048). Conclusions DCs, particularly mDCs, in the PB of AIHA/Evans syndromes patients significantly increased. The patients with AIHA/Evans syndromes have more activated DCs in their PB, on which costimulatory molecules, mainly CD86 are over expressed.

scholarly journals Cd11c+B220+Gr-1+ Cells in Mouse Lymph Nodes and Spleen Display Characteristics of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 194 (8) ◽  
pp. 1171-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Nakano ◽  
Manabu Yanagita ◽  
Michael Dee Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells ◽  
High Endothelial Venules ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
Deficient Mice

Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are major producers of IFNα, are activated by CpG motifs, and are believed to enter lymph nodes (LNs) via L-selectin dependent extravasation across high endothelial venules. To identify a similar murine DC type, CD11c+ cells in the LNs of L-selectin–deficient and control BALB/c mice were compared, revealing a population of CD11c+CD11b− cells that is reduced 85% in the LNs of L-selectin–deficient mice. These cells are Gr-1+B220+CD19−, either CD4+ or CD8+, and localize within T cell zones of LNs. Freshly isolated CD11c+Gr-1+ cells express major histocompatibility complex class II at low levels, display a plasmacytoid morphology, and survive poorly in culture. Their survival is increased and they develop a DC-like morphology in interleukin 3 and CpG. Like human pDCs, CD11c+Gr-1+ cells stimulate T cell proliferation after activation with CpG and produce IFNα after stimulation with influenza virus. These cells also display a strain-specific variation in frequency, being fivefold increased in the LNs of BALB/c relative to C57BL/6 mice. These CD11c+CD11b−B220+Gr-1+ cells appear to be the murine equivalent of human pDCs.

Comparison of the Pathogenicity of Two US Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates with that of the Lelystad Virus

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Halbur ◽  
P. S. Paul ◽  
M. L. Frey ◽  
J. Landgraf ◽  
K. Eernisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Lelystad Virus ◽  
Follicular Lesions ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Necrotic Debris

The Lelystad virus or one of two US isolates (VR2385, VR2431) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus were given intranasally to 25 4-week-old cesarian-derived colostrum-deprived pigs. Pigs from these groups were necropsied at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 21, or 28 days postinoculation. The Lelystad virus and VR2431 induced mild transient pyrexia, dyspnea, and tachypnea. VR2385 induced labored and rapid abdominal respiration, pyrexia, lethargy, anorexia, and patchy dermal cyanosis. All three isolates induced multifocal tan-mottled consolidation involving 6.8% ( n = 9, SEM = 3.4) of the lung for Lelystad, 9.7% ( n = 9, SEM = 2.7) of the lung for VR2431, and 54.2% ( n = 9, SEM = 4.4) of the lung for VR2385 at 10 days postinoculation. Characteristic microscopic lung lesions consisted of type 2 pneumocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, necrotic debris and increased mixed inflammatory cells in alveolar spaces, and alveolar septal infiltration with mononuclear cells. Lymphadenopathy with follicular hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and necrosis was consistently seen. Similar follicular lesions were also seen in Peyer's patches and tonsils. Lymphohistiocytic myocarditis and encephalitis were reproduced with all three isolates. Clinical respiratory disease and gross and microscopic lung lesion scores were considerably and significantly more severe in the VR2385-inoculated pigs. All three viruses were readily isolated from sera, lungs, and tonsils throughout the 28 days of the study. The lymphoid and respiratory systems have the most remarkable lesions and appear to be the major site of replication of these viruses. This work demonstrated a marked difference in pathogenicity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome isolates.

In vivo targeting of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antigen through porcine DC-SIGN to dendritic cells elicits antigen-specific CD4T cell immunity in pigs

Vaccine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (50) ◽  
pp. 6768-6775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthivel Subramaniam ◽  
Pablo Piñeyro ◽  
Debin Tian ◽  
Christopher Overend ◽  
Danielle M. Yugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Cd4t Cell

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of carbon nanoparticle suspension injection and indocyanine green tracer-guided lymph node dissection during robotic distal gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Yecheng Lin ◽  
Honghai Guo ◽  
Yiyang Hu ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Nanoparticle Suspension ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticle Suspension ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background There is a lack of comparative analyses on the use of carbon nanoparticle suspension injection (CNSI) and indocyanine green (ICG) tracer technology for lymph node detection and their perioperative safety in robotic radical gastrectomy. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent robotic distal gastrectomy between November 2019 and November 2020. Patients were assigned to the CNSI group, the ICG group, or the control group. The number of lymph nodes detected, number of lymph nodes detected at each station, number of micro lymph nodes detected, rate of lymph node metastasis, and inoperative and postoperative recovery were compared. Results Of the 93 patients analyzed, 34 were in the CNSI group, 27 were in the ICG group, and 32 were in the control group. The mean number of lymph nodes retrieved in the CNSI group (48.44) was higher than that in the ICG (39.19) and control (35.28) groups (P = 0.004; P < 0.001), and there was no difference between the ICG and control groups (P = 0.102). The mean number of micro lymph nodes retrieved in the CNSI group (13.24) was higher than that in the ICG (5.74) and control (5.66) groups (P < 0.001). The lymph node metastasis rates in the CNSI, ICG, and control groups were 5.03, 4.63, and 5.93%, respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusion The effect of CNSI on lymph node dissection and sorting was better than that of ICG, and CNSI improved the surgical quality and reduced lymph node staging deviation to a greater extent. CNSI was better than ICG in terms of improving the number of micro lymph nodes detected.

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