Effect of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) level on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation and in vitro gas production in sheep fed maintenance diets

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 654-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L. BASTIDA GARCIA ◽  
Manuel GONZÁLEZ-RONQUILLO ◽  
Ignacio A. DOMÍNGUEZ VARA ◽  
José ROMERO-BERNAL ◽  
Octavio CASTELÁN ORTEGA
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous enzymes on in vitro gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation of four fibrous feeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 179 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M.Y. Elghandour ◽  
A.Z.M. Salem ◽  
M. Gonzalez-Ronquillo ◽  
J.L. Bórquez ◽  
H.M. Gado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Production Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes

scholarly journals Kinetics in vitro of ruminal fermentation of cocoa husks subjected to alkali and heat treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3897
Author(s):  
Flávio Moreira de Almeida ◽  
José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo ◽  
Ícaro Dos Santos Cabral ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Efficient Alternative

The objective was to evaluate the parameters of kinetics of ruminal fermentation of cocoa husks (CH) treated with alkali and thermal agents, using the semi-automated in vitro gas production technique. Cocoa husks samples were subjected to alkali and thermal methods (effect of time of exposure) treatment, as follows: control; alkaline treatment with calcium hydroxide ((Ca(OH)2) and calcium oxide (CaO), both doses of 15.0; 30.0 and 45.0 g kg-1 of CH; heat treatment in an autoclave at a pressure of 1.23 kg cm-2 (15 psi) and a temperature of 123°C for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. For statistical analysis, orthogonal contrasts and regression. The degradation rate and the final volume of gases of non-fiber carbohydrates decreased with the addition of Ca(OH)2 and CaO, however, for fibrous carbohydrates effects were positive. For each percentage of Ca(OH)2 and CaO included, it is estimated an increase of 5.74 and 2.9% in the final volume of the fiber, respectively. When the heat treatment, a decrease in all parameters was estimated. For each minute of exposure to heat, there was a decrease of 0.4% in total final volume of gases. The alkali treatment can be an efficient alternative for improving the digestibility of fibrous fractions of CH.

In vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation of glycerol, propylene glycol and molasses

2009 ◽  
Vol 154 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Ferraro ◽  
G.D. Mendoza ◽  
L.A. Miranda ◽  
C.G. Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

Use of different carbohydrate sources associated with urea and implications for in vitro fermentation and rumen microbial populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Santos ◽  
F. F. R. Carvalho ◽  
M. M. Carriero ◽  
A. L. R. Magalhães ◽  
A. M. V. Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
True Protein

Context Alternative feed sources have been investigated as replacements for green forages and cereal grains traditionally used in ruminant feed. We hypothesised that, when replacing sources of true protein with non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in the ruminant diet, the efficiency of utilisation of the NPN may be affected by the source of energy and that different energy resources used as alternatives to maize may improve efficiency and maximise ruminal fermentation characteristics. Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets containing different carbohydrate sources associated with urea on in vitro ruminal fermentation and rumen microbial profile. Methods Four diets based on Tifton 85 Bermuda grass hay (584 g/kg dry matter) were tested as substrates: cornmeal + soybean meal (C + SM, typical diet), cornmeal + urea (C + U), cassava scraping + urea (CS + U), and spineless cactus + urea (SC + U). The experimental design consisted of randomised blocks with four treatments and five blocks. Five adult Nellore cattle with permanent fistula in the rumen were used as inoculum donors. The semi-automatic in vitro gas production technique was used in two experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to monitor the changes in the rumen microbial community. Key results The diets containing C + U and CS + U decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate after 24 h of incubation, and all diets containing urea decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate after 96 h and increased (P < 0.05) acetate:propionate ratio. After 96 h of incubation, the diets containing CS + U and SC + U resulted in a lower (P < 0.05) population of Ruminococcus flavefaciens than the C + U diet, and a lower (P < 0.05) population of Streptococcus bovis than the C + SM diet. Conclusions From our results, a diet containing cassava scraping produces more methane per unit of degraded organic matter, which reduces fermentation efficiency. Diets that contain corn with either soybean meal or urea result in greater degradability with lower gas production rates than diets that contain either cassava scrapings or spineless cactus with urea. Diets containing urea as a total substitution for soybean meal alter the production of short-chain fatty acids and reduce the populations of S. bovis and R. flavefaciens. Implications Use of urea to replace soybean meal in the ruminant diet alters ruminal fermentation and rumen microbial population.

scholarly journals Identification of Levica yeasts as a potential ruminal microbial additive

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 460-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Marrero ◽  
M.E. Burrola-Barraza ◽  
Y. Castillo ◽  
L.C. Basso ◽  
C.A. Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
D2 Domain ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Detection Medium ◽  
Potential Use

The objective of this study was to identify and characterize yeast strains isolated from the ruminal ecosystem that are capable of enhancing fermentation in bovines that consume high-fibre diets recommended by livestock feed guidelines in Cuba. The yeasts were isolated from the rumen of Holsteincows that had been fed a biofermented product. Isolated colonies were purified, identified, and characterized using biochemical and molecular methods, and their effects on ruminal fermentation were compared by measuring in vitro gas production. Thirteen new strains enhancing gas production with potential use as additives in ruminal fermentation were identified and named Levica. These strains grew successfully in detection medium for non-Saccharomyces wild yeasts and had long survival periods in the rumen. PFGE analysis found four karyotypes and homology of D1/D2 domain of gene 26S rDNA sequence was similar to that of I. orientalis, R. mucilaginosa, P. guilliermondii, and C. tropicalis. Phylogenetic analysis classified the strains into clades A and B. Clade A was further divided into groups AI, AII, BI, and BII. The AI cluster contained Levica (L)23, L24, L29, L33, and formed a monophyletic group with I. orientalis, while group AII contained L18 and formed a monophyletic group with R. muciloginosa. The BI cluster contained L13, L15, L17, L27, L28, and L32, all derived from P. guilliermondii. Cluster BII was composed only of L25 located in a separate subclade, forming a monophyletic group with C. tropicalis. The most useful strain for preparing microbial feed products to improve ruminal fermentation was L25 because it showed an increase in gas production.  

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