Effects on Myzus persicae (Sulz.) and transmission of beet yellows virus of applying certain trace elements to sugar beet

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. RUSSELL
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Beet Yellows Virus

scholarly journals Studies on the transmission of sugar-beet yellows virus by the aphis, Myzus persicae (Sulz.)

1940 ◽  
Vol 128 (853) ◽  
pp. 535-552 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Persistent Viruses ◽  
Beet Yellows Virus ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies on the relationship between plant viruses and their insect vectors have been carried out which viruses which are easily mechanically transmissible and whose vectors lose their infectivity within a few hours of removal from the source of infection. This type of virus has been called (Watson and Roberts 1939) non-persistent , for it was observed that the property in which viruses of this type resemble each other, and differ from those viruses whose vectors retain their infectivity for long periods, namely, the persistent viruses. It seems that these differences must lie in the nature of the viruses themselves, for viruses of both types can be transmitted by the same vector. Sugar-beet yellows virus (Petherbridge and Stirrup 1935) seems to be a member of the persistent class, for its vector, Myzus persicae , the same insect as was used in previous work on non-persistent viruses (Watson 1936, 1938; Watson and Roberts 1939), remains infective for several days after removal from the source of infection (Roland 1939). Also it is not transmissible mechanically by any of the usual methods (Quanjer 1934, 1936). The present paper, therefore, describes some studies on the vector-virus relationships of this virus by the methods which have been used previously only on the non-persistent types.

Effects of mineral oil on Myzus persicae (Sulz.) and its transmission of beet yellows virus

1970 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Settling Behaviour ◽  
Beet Yellows Virus ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Test Plants

Experiments in the glasshouse have confirmed that spraying virus-source leaves or test plants with mineral oil (liquid paraffin) inhibits transmission of beet yellows virus (BYV) to sugar-beet by Myzus persicae (Sulz.). Spraying M. persicae with oil after feeding on BYV-infected leaves and before transfer to virus-free beet seedlings also inhibited their transmission of BYV. The appearance of systemic symptoms of BYV was not delayed by treatment of the test plants or the aphids with oil. The effects of oil on virus transmission were reflected in adverse effects of oil on the settling behaviour and larviposition of the vector on test plants. It is suggested that coating the stylets with oil inhibits the feeding of aphids in the phloem thereby decreasing the efficiency of BYV transmission. The effects of oil on aphid settling and larviposition suggest that spraying crops with oil may not only reduce the incidence of aphid-transmitted viruses in them but may also diminish the population of potential vectors present in them.

Variation in Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) reared on different host-plants

1973 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. B. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Brassica Pekinensis

Apterous adult Myzus persicae (Sulz.) of a glasshouse strain differed greatly in their ability to colonise sugar-beet according to the plant on which they and their forebears were cultured. Those from Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) settled least readily on beet, whilst aphids from broad beans (Vicia faba) produced larger populations than those cultured on sugar-beet. When reared wholly on groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) young adults differed in their ability to colonise Chinese cabbage, sugar-beet and broad bean according to their parents' culture host species, and these differences were detected in a second generation reared wholly on groundsel. The responses of clones isolated from cultures maintained continuously on Chinese cabbage and broad bean were similar, showing that the effect was caused by the aphids' host-plant experience, and was not due to fixed, heritable characters of the sub-cultures. Some, but not all clones of M. persicae collected from the field showed enhanced colonising ability after culture on broad bean as compared with Chinese cabbage. This was apparent on sugar-beet and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). These effects of former hosts on the ability of M. persicae to colonise plants may be important both in work on resistance to aphids and in the epidemiology of aphid-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Efficiency and Persistence of Movento® Treatment against Myzus persicae and the Transmission of Aphid-Borne Viruses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Thomas Armand ◽  
Luâna Korn ◽  
Elodie Pichon ◽  
Marlène Souquet ◽  
Mélissandre Barbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Neonicotinoids are widely used to protect fields against aphid-borne viral diseases. The recent ban of these chemical compounds in the European Union has strongly impacted rapeseed and sugar beet growing practices. The poor sustainability of other insecticide families and the low efficiency of prophylactic methods to control aphid populations and pathogen introduction strengthen the need to characterize the efficiency of new plant protection products targeting aphids. In this study, the impact of Movento® (Bayer S.A.S., Leverkusen, Germany), a tetrameric acid derivative of spirotetramat, on Myzus persicae and on viral transmission was analyzed under different growing temperatures. The results show (i) the high efficiency of Movento® to protect rapeseed and sugar beet plants against the establishment of aphid colonies, (ii) the impact of temperature on the persistence of the Movento® aphicid properties and (iii) a decrease of approximately 10% of the viral transmission on treated plants. These observations suggest a beneficial effect of Movento® on the sanitary quality of treated crops by directly reducing primary infections and indirectly altering, through aphid mortality, secondary infections on which the spread of disease within field depends. These data constitute important elements for the future development of management strategies to protect crops against aphid-transmitted viruses.

The effect of plant spacing, nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on the appearance of symptoms and spread of virus yellows in sugar-beet crops

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Heathcote
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Beet Yellows Virus ◽  
Yellowing Virus

SUMMARYSatisfactory comparisons of the incidence of virus yellows in sugar-beet fields or experimental plots with different amounts of N fertilizer can be made from visual symptoms early in the growing season, but not later because dressings of N fertilizer may then mask or delay the appearance of symptoms. Sugar-beet plants in the field infected with beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) are less likely to show symptoms than those with beet yellows virus (BYV), and plants with BMYV in the glasshouse often fail to show clear symptoms.Crop yield will be affected by the spread of viruses and colonization of plants by aphids, which in turn are affected by such factors as plant density, nitrogen supply and irrigation. The presence or absence of virus diseases and of aphids should therefore be considered during studies on the effects of these agronomic factors on the growth and yield of sugar beet. Where ample rather than little N fertilizer is used a small increase in the percentage of plants infected with yellows can be expected, and aphids will be more numerous, if plants are not treated with insecticide. Irrigation may also increase yellows incidence (e.g. from 16% to 20% of plants at Broom's Barn in 1967), but any loss of potential yield from increased virus incidence will be small compared with that gained from the use of fertilizer or irrigation. However, plant density can appreciably affect yellows incidence. For example, at Broom's Barn in 1972, 51% of plants in crops with 17500 plants/ha contracted BMYV but only 15 % of plants in crops with 126500 plants/ha. The less dense crop lost 3–4% more of its potential yield due to yellows than the dense crop; this represents a difference due to virus of about 0·25 t sugar/ha.

Über die Korrelation zwischen Partikellänge und Infektiosität beim Vergilbungsvirus der Rüben

1958 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Wolfgang Mundry
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Minimal Length ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Normal Length ◽  
Beet Yellows Virus

Crude leaf sap of plants suffering from sugar beet yellows was partially purified by density gradient centrifugation in the cold at different values of pʜ (6,2-9,0). After standing over night at 2° C the material was dialysed against buffer of pʜ 6,8 at room temperature. - As estimated by electron microscopy the most frequent length of the threadlike particles (Fig. 2) which were believed to be the infectious agent of sugar beet yellows shows a gradual shift from longer to shorter ones with rising pʜ (Fig. 1 a-e). The infectivity of the suspensions depends upon the pʜ of the preparation too. From the distribution curve of the particle lengths the relative concentrations of particles with different given minimal lengths were estimated. The dependence from the pʜ of the preparation of these relative concentrations was compared with that of the infectivity. Best agreement was observed with particles of 12 700 - 12 800 A minimal length (Fig. 3). This length seems to be identical with the “normal length” of the particles found in exsudates (12 400 -12 500 A). From these results it was concluded that a) particles which possess the normal length as found in exsudates are the infective entities of this disease, b) shorter particles are non-infectious, c) the infectious entities of the sugar beet yellows virus are of the threadlike type. There is no evidence that spherical particles are necessary for starting an infection with the sugar beet yellows virus.

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