STUDIES OF THE PRIMARY AND THE SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSES OF LYMPH NODES DRAINING HOMOGRAFTS OF FRESH CANCELLOUS BONE (WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MECHANISMS OF LYMPH NODE REACTIVITY)

2006 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Burwell
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancellous Bone

scholarly journals Enriched LPS Staining within the Germinal Center of a Lymph Node from an HIV-Infected Long-Term Nonprogressor but Not from Progressors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Jianning Deng ◽  
Ren Lang ◽  
Guoyang Liao ◽  
Wei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Germinal Center ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Immunohistochemistry Staining ◽  
Hiv Negative

An increased level of microbial translocation has been observed in HIV-infected individuals. The host response to microbial translocation is compromised in HIV-infected progressors but remains unknown in HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs). To evaluate microbial translocation in HIV, we assessed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immunohistochemistry staining in lymph nodes. We found enriched bacterial LPS immunohistochemistry staining in the germinal center of a lymph node from an HIV-infected LTNP, evenly distributed from three progressors with impaired germinal center structures and rarely detected from two HIV-negative individuals. The impaired germinal center structures were consistent with collagen deposition in lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry staining. These results suggest greater immune responses against bacterial LPS translocation in LTNPs, which may reveal an important mechanism in controlling microbial translocation and disease progression in HIV LTNPs.

scholarly journals CD169 Expression on Lymph Node Macrophages Predicts in Patients With Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Kumamoto ◽  
Takashi Tasaki ◽  
Koji Ohnishi ◽  
Michihiko Shibata ◽  
Shohei Shimajiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Advanced Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Tissues

The induction of an anti-cancer immune responses is potentially associated with the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy. Recent studies have indicated that sinus macrophages in regional lymph nodes are involved in anti-cancer immune responses in the cancer microenvironment. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between lymphocyte infiltration in cancer tissues and macrophage activation in regional lymph nodes. We retrospectively identified 294 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery from 2008 to 2012. Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated CD169-expression on CD68-positive macrophages, and the density of CD8-postive lymphocytes in tumor microenvironment. We statistically examined the correlation between CD169 and CD8 expression, and performed Cox regression analysis of potential prognostic factors, including CD169 and CD8 expression, for cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with total and advanced gastric cancer. CD169 overexpression in lymph node sinus macrophages (LySMs) was positively correlated to the density of CD8-positive lymphocytes in primary cancer tissues (R = 0.367, p < 0.001). A high density of CD8-positive T lymphocytes in the primary site and a high level of CD169 expression in LySMs were independently associated with greater CSS in patients with total and advanced gastric cancer (p < 0.05 for all). The expression on CD169 in LySMs is a predictor of a favorable clinical course in patients with gastric cancer, and might be useful for evaluating anti-cancer immune responses.

scholarly journals Antipolysaccharide antibodies of restricted heterogeneity secreted by a single lymph node

1976 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Frost ◽  
DG Braun ◽  
D Poskitt ◽  
RNP Cahill ◽  
Z Trnka
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Polysaccharide Antigens ◽  
Group A ◽  
Streptococcal Polysaccharide ◽  
Kinetics Of

Immune responses which give rise to the synthesis of antibodies of restricted heterogeneity can be reproducibly induced in rabbits and mice by streptococcal polysaccharide antigens (1,2). While these reports have demonstrated clonotype restriction in the immune serum of rabbits and mice, they give little information with respect to the clontype restriction in a single reaction site of organized lymphoid tissue, for example a single lymph node. The kinetics of immune responses in lymph nodes in situ have been studied in sheep using a variety of antigens (3-6), and a substantial body of information is available on the changes in cell output, cell type, and the number of antibody-secreting cells which occur within the efferent lymph of antigen-stimulated lymph nodes. However, there is no information with respect to the amount and the heterogeneity of antibody that is secreted by the lymph node or cells within the efferent lymph. In the present report we have examined the temporal sequence of clonal restriction in the efferent lymph of individual sheep popliteal lymph nodes undergoing an immune response to the streptococcal group A-variant polysaccharide (Av-CHO).

scholarly journals Lymph Node Transplantation and Its Immunological Significance in Animal Models

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Buettner ◽  
Ulrike Bode
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Populations

Lymph nodes (LNs) are distributed all over the body and whatever the site consists of the same cell populations. However, there are great differences between LN from different draining areas. For example, in mesenteric LN, homing molecules, for example, CCR9 andα4β7 integrin, were induced and cytokines, for example, IL-4, were produced on higher levels compared to peripheral LN. To study the immunological functions of LN, LN transplantation was performed in some specific areas using different animal models. Many groups investigated not only the regeneration of transplanted LN but also the induction of immune responses or tolerance after transplantation. Existing differences between LNs were still detectable after transplantation. Most important, stromal cells of the LN were identified as responsible for these differences. They survive during regeneration and were shown to reconstruct not only the structure of the new LN but also the microenvironment.

scholarly journals Association of Hydrophobic Carboxyl-Terminal Dendrimers with Lymph Node-Resident Lymphocytes

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Nishimoto ◽  
Misaki Nishio ◽  
Shu Nagashima ◽  
Kohei Nakajima ◽  
Takayuki Ohira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Cell Association ◽  
Carboxyl Terminal ◽  
Terminal Structure

Delivery systems to lymph node-resident T cells around tumor tissues are essential for cancer immunotherapy, in order to boost the immune responses. We previously reported that anionic dendrimers, such as carboxyl-, sulfonyl-, and phosphate-terminal dendrimers, were efficiently accumulated in lymph nodes via the intradermal injection. Depending on the terminal structure, their cell association properties were different, and the carboxyl-terminal dendrimers did not associate with any immune cells majorly. In this study, we investigated the delivery of carboxyl-terminal dendrimers with different hydrophobicity to lymph node-resident lymphocytes. Four types of carboxyl-terminal dendrimers—succinylated (C) and 2-carboxy-cyclohexanoylated (Chex) dendrimers with and without phenylalanine (Phe)—were synthesized and named C-den, C-Phe-den, Chex-den, and Chex-Phe-den, respectively. Chex-Phe-den was well associated with lymphocytes, but others were not. Chex-Phe-den, intradermally injected at the footpads of mice, was accumulated in the lymph node, and was highly associated with the lymphocytes, including T cells. Our results suggest that Chex-Phe-den has the potential for delivery to the lymph node-resident T cells, without any specific T cell-targeted ligands.

scholarly journals Neolymphogenesis and Immunogistogochemical Study of Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Sh. Kh. Gantsev ◽  
R. A. Rustamkhanov ◽  
Sh. R. Kzyrgalin ◽  
D. S. Tursumetov
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fixed Panel ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background. Our previous studies have shown that postnatally formed lymph nodes (PNFLN) can serve as a source of biological signals activating antitumour immune reactions and suppressing the spread of metastatic malignant cells.Aim. To determine the expression of CD3, CD20, CD68 in native, sentinel and postnatally induced lymph nodes of the axillary zone in breast cancer.Materials and methods. The study involved an analysis of digitalized images of the immunohistochemical expression of a fixed panel of antibodies CD3, CD20, CD68. The expression levels were assessed quantitatively by counting the expressed cells in each studied node for four main structural and functional zones.Results and Discussion. The results of a comparative immunohistochemical study of native, sentinel and postnatally induced lymph nodes showed that the content of CD3, CD20, CD68 demonstrates fundamental differences in different lymph node structures.Сonclusions 1. In postnatally induced lymph nodes, compared to native and sentinel lymph nodes, the distinct expression of antibodies to the main immunocompetent cells, which realize key immune responses in the lymph node, can indicate an increased functional status of the newly formed lymph nodes. 2. The study demonstrated a high level of antigenic stimulation of T and B lymphocytes in postnatally induced lymph nodes, as well as indicated a possible role of macrophage cells in the stimulation of neolymphogenesis and the formation of new lymph nodes. 3. The study provides the basis for further research into postnatal induced lymph nodes in cancer patients.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

Body Distribution of Lipiodol 131J Following Intralymphatic Radiotherapy

1965 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
G. Fava ◽  
L. Roncoroni
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
Exact Data ◽  
Radioisotope Therapy

SummaryAn account is given of the principles of lymph node dosimetry in radioisotope therapy with Lipiodol 131J. After a general introduction, exact data on the concentrations reached by the radionuclide in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, thyroid and blood of patients subjected to this treatment are reported. Finally mention is made of a number of particularly interesting autopsy findings.

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