In vivo pH MEASUREMENT AND IMAGING OF TUMOR TISSUE USING A pH-SENSITIVE FLUORESCENT PROBE (5,6–CARBOXYFLUORESCEIN): INSTRUMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

Oroxylum indicum, Sonapatha is traditionally used to treat asthma, biliousness, bronchitis, diarrhea, dysentery, fevers, vomiting, inflammation, leukoderma, skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, wound injury, and deworm intestine. This review has been written by collecting the relevant information from published material on various ethnomedicinal and pharmacological aspects of Sonapatha by making an internet, PubMed, SciFinder, Science direct, and Google Scholar search. Various experimental studies have shown that Sonapatha scavenges different free radicals and possesses alkaloids, flavonoids, cardio glycosides, tannins, sterols, phenols, saponins, and other phytochemicals. Numerous active principles including oroxylin A, chrysin, scutellarin, baicalein, and many more have been isolated from the different parts of Sonapatha. Sonapatha acts against microbial infection, cancer, hepatic, gastrointestinal, cardiac, and diabetic disorders. It is useful in the treatment of obesity and wound healing in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Sonapatha elevates glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels and reduces aspartate transaminase alanine aminotransaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lipid peroxidation levels in various tissues. Sonapatha activates the expression of p53, pRb, Fas, FasL, IL-12, and caspases and inhibited nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin (IL6), P38 activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c (SREBP-1c), proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), glucose transporter (GLUT4), leptin, and HPV18 oncoproteins E6 and E7 at the molecular level, which may be responsible for its medicinal properties. The phytoconstituents of Sonapatha including oroxylin A, chrysin, and baicalein inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in in vitro and in vivo experimental models, indicating its potential to contain COVID-19 infection in humans. The experimental studies in various preclinical models validate the use of Sonapatha in ethnomedicine and Ayurveda.

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Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2506

Author(s):

Wamidh H. Talib ◽

Ahmad Riyad Alsayed ◽

Alaa Abuawad ◽

Safa Daoud ◽

Asma Ismail Mahmod

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Cell Proliferation Inhibition ◽

Different Types ◽

Solid Foundation

Melatonin is a pleotropic molecule with numerous biological activities. Epidemiological and experimental studies have documented that melatonin could inhibit different types of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Results showed the involvement of melatonin in different anticancer mechanisms including apoptosis induction, cell proliferation inhibition, reduction in tumor growth and metastases, reduction in the side effects associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, decreasing drug resistance in cancer therapy, and augmentation of the therapeutic effects of conventional anticancer therapies. Clinical trials revealed that melatonin is an effective adjuvant drug to all conventional therapies. This review summarized melatonin biosynthesis, availability from natural sources, metabolism, bioavailability, anticancer mechanisms of melatonin, its use in clinical trials, and pharmaceutical formulation. Studies discussed in this review will provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to design and develop new therapies to treat and prevent cancer using melatonin.

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RGD(Arg-Gly-Asp) internalized docetaxel-loaded pH sensitive liposomes: Preparation, characterization and antitumor efficacy in vivo and in vitro

Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces ◽

10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.07.056 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

pp. 90-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Tiantian Zuo ◽

Yuanyuan Guan ◽

Minglu Chang ◽

Fang Zhang ◽

Shanshan Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ph Sensitive ◽

Antitumor Efficacy

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Differentiated glioblastoma cells accelerate tumor progression by shaping the tumor microenvironment via CCN1-mediated macrophage infiltration

Acta Neuropathologica Communications ◽

10.1186/s40478-021-01124-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Atsuhito Uneda ◽

Kazuhiko Kurozumi ◽

Atsushi Fujimura ◽

Kentaro Fujii ◽

Joji Ishida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Tumor Progression ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

In Silico ◽

Tumor Tissue ◽

The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Macrophage Infiltration ◽

Macrophage Migration

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor characterized by significant cellular heterogeneity, namely tumor cells, including GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) and differentiated GBM cells (DGCs), and non-tumor cells such as endothelial cells, vascular pericytes, macrophages, and other types of immune cells. GSCs are essential to drive tumor progression, whereas the biological roles of DGCs are largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the roles of DGCs in the tumor microenvironment. To this end, we extracted DGC-specific signature genes from transcriptomic profiles of matched pairs of in vitro GSC and DGC models. By evaluating the DGC signature using single cell data, we confirmed the presence of cell subpopulations emulated by in vitro culture models within a primary tumor. The DGC signature was correlated with the mesenchymal subtype and a poor prognosis in large GBM cohorts such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project. In silico signaling pathway analysis suggested a role of DGCs in macrophage infiltration. Consistent with in silico findings, in vitro DGC models promoted macrophage migration. In vivo, coimplantation of DGCs and GSCs reduced the survival of tumor xenograft-bearing mice and increased macrophage infiltration into tumor tissue compared with transplantation of GSCs alone. DGCs exhibited a significant increase in YAP/TAZ/TEAD activity compared with GSCs. CCN1, a transcriptional target of YAP/TAZ, was selected from the DGC signature as a candidate secreted protein involved in macrophage recruitment. In fact, CCN1 was secreted abundantly from DGCs, but not GSCs. DGCs promoted macrophage migration in vitro and macrophage infiltration into tumor tissue in vivo through secretion of CCN1. Collectively, these results demonstrate that DGCs contribute to GSC-dependent tumor progression by shaping a mesenchymal microenvironment via CCN1-mediated macrophage infiltration. This study provides new insight into the complex GBM microenvironment consisting of heterogeneous cells.

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Molecular Tuning of a Vitamin E-Scaffold pH-Sensitive and Reductive Cleavable Lipid-like Material for Accelerated in Vivo Hepatic siRNA Delivery

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering ◽

10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00203 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (9) ◽

pp. 834-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Hidetaka Akita ◽

Yuki Noguchi ◽

Hiroto Hatakeyama ◽

Yusuke Sato ◽

Kota Tange ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Sirna Delivery ◽

Ph Sensitive

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Histone/protein deacetylases and T-cell immune responses

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2011-10-292003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 119 (11) ◽

pp. 2443-2451 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Tatiana Akimova ◽

Ulf H. Beier ◽

Yujie Liu ◽

Liqing Wang ◽

Wayne W. Hancock

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Biology ◽

T Regulatory Cells ◽

Hdac Inhibitors ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Cell Subset ◽

Histone Protein ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Clinical and experimental studies show that inhibition of histone/protein deacetylases (HDAC) can have important anti-neoplastic effects through cytotoxic and proapoptotic mechanisms. There are also increasing data from nononcologic settings that HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) can exhibit useful anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, unrelated to cytotoxicity or apoptosis. These effects can be cell-, tissue-, or context-dependent and can involve modulation of specific inflammatory signaling pathways as well as epigenetic mechanisms. We review recent advances in the understanding of how HDACi alter immune and inflammatory processes, with a particular focus on the effects of HDACi on T-cell biology, including the activation and functions of conventional T cells and the unique T-cell subset, composed of Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells. Although studies are still needed to tease out details of the various biologic roles of individual HDAC isoforms and their corresponding selective inhibitors, the anti-inflammatory effects of HDACi are already promising and may lead to new therapeutic avenues in transplantation and autoimmune diseases.

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Diabetic Cataract—Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Treatment

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2010/608751 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

Andreas Pollreisz ◽

Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

Keyword(s):

Experimental Studies ◽

Disease Process ◽

Basic Research ◽

Polyol Pathway ◽

Population Based ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetic Cataract ◽

Cataract Development

Cataract in diabetic patients is a major cause of blindness in developed and developing countries. The pathogenesis of diabetic cataract development is still not fully understood. Recent basic research studies have emphasized the role of the polyol pathway in the initiation of the disease process. Population-based studies have greatly increased our knowledge concerning the association between diabetes and cataract formation and have defined risk factors for the development of cataract. Diabetic patients also have a higher risk of complications after phacoemulsification cataract surgery compared to nondiabetics. Aldose-reductase inhibitors and antioxidants have been proven beneficial in the prevention or treatment of this sightthreatening condition in in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. This paper provides an overview of the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract, clinical studies investigating the association between diabetes and cataract development, and current treatment of cataract in diabetics.

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