Impact of a Peer-Led Stress Inoculation Training Intervention on State Anxiety and Heart Rate in College Students

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Fontana ◽  
Derek Hyra ◽  
Lauren Godfrey ◽  
Laurie Cermak
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Stress Inoculation ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Stress Inoculation Training

scholarly journals The Selah pilot study of spiritual, mindfulness, and stress inoculation practices on stress-related outcomes: A non-randomized participant preference control pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell ◽  
David E. Eagle ◽  
Logan C. Tice ◽  
Jia Yao ◽  
Joshua A. Rash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Stress Inoculation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Centering Prayer ◽  
Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
Stress Inoculation Training

Abstract Background The job-demand-control-support model indicates that clergy are at high risk for chronic stress and adverse health outcomes. Methods A non-randomized participant preference design with a control group was used to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and range of outcome effect sizes for four potentially stress-reducing interventions: stress inoculation training, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), the Daily Examen, and Centering Prayer. All United Methodist clergy in North Carolina were eligible and recruited via email to attend their preferred intervention: in-person workshops of one (Daily Examen, Centering Prayer) or two days (stress inoculation training) at retreat centers, or eight weekly online 90-minute sessions (MBSR). Surveys at 0, 3, and 12 weeks assessed symptoms of stress, anxiety, and perceived stress reactivity. Heart rate variability was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks using data from 24h ambulatory heart rate monitoring. A patched-up control group was recruited after recruitment commenced. A subset of participants completed in-depth interviews and reported skill practice using daily text messages. Standardized mean differences with 95% and 75% confidence intervals were calculated for each intervention relative to control to determine the range of effect sizes likely to be observed in a definitive trial. Results 78 clergy participated in an intervention and 7 provided data as a control group. The daily percentage of participants engaging in stress management practices ranged from 47% (MBSR) to 69% (Examen). Every participant interviewed (n=23) reported that learning content was acceptable and they would recommend their intervention to others. Small-to-large effect sizes on measures of stress and anxiety were observed for Daily Examen, stress inoculation, and MBSR relative to control. Little evidence for change in HRV was observed between intervention and control, with the most favorable effects observed for MBSR. Results were mixed for Centering Prayer. Conclusions All four interventions were feasible and acceptable, with the best trends in outcomes for MBSR, although other interventions were promising. Participants welcomed daily text messages reminding them to engage in practice and wore ambulatory heart rate monitoring devices without incident. Three-week survey data did not contribute to study findings. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration number: NCT04625777, November 12, 2020 (retrospectively registered).

scholarly journals The Selah study protocol of three interventions to manage stress among clergy: a preference-based randomized waitlist control trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan C. Tice ◽  
David E. Eagle ◽  
Joshua A. Rash ◽  
Jessie S. Larkins ◽  
Sofia M. Labrecque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Stress Inoculation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Stress Inoculation Training ◽  
Waitlist Control ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

Abstract Introduction Like many helping professionals in emotional labor occupations, clergy experience high rates of mental and physical comorbidities. Regular stress management practices may reduce stress-related symptoms and morbidity, but more research is needed into what practices can be reliably included in busy lifestyles and practiced at a high enough level to meaningfully reduce stress symptoms. Methods and analysis The overall design is a preference-based randomized waitlist control trial. United Methodist clergy in North Carolina will be eligible to participate. The intervention and waitlist control groups will be recruited by email. The interventions offered are specifically targeted to clergy preference and include mindfulness-based stress reduction, Daily Examen, and stress inoculation training. Surveys will be conducted at 0, 12, and 24 weeks with heart rate data collected at 0 and 12 weeks. The primary outcomes for this study are self-reported symptoms of stress and heart rate at week 12 for each intervention compared to waitlist control; the secondary outcome is symptoms of anxiety comparing each intervention vs waitlist control. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the Duke University Campus IRB (2019-0238). The results will be made available to researchers, funders, and members of the clergy community. Strengths and limitations of this study While evidence-based stress reduction practices such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) exist, a wider variety of practices should be tested to appeal to different individuals. Clergy in particular may prefer, and consequently enact, spiritual practices like the Daily Examen, and individuals such as clergy who spend most of their time thinking and feeling may prefer experiential-based practices like stress inoculation training. If efficacious, the Daily Examen and stress inoculation training practices have high feasibility in that they require few minutes per day. This study is limited by the inclusion of Christian clergy of only one denomination. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04625777. November 12, 2020.

scholarly journals The Selah Study Protocol of Three Interventions to Manage Stress among Clergy: A Preference-based Randomized Waitlist-control Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan C Tice ◽  
David E. Eagle ◽  
Joshua A. Rash ◽  
Jessie S. Larkins ◽  
Sofia M. Labrecque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Stress Inoculation ◽  
Stress Inoculation Training ◽  
Waitlist Control ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Registration Number

Abstract Introduction: Like many helping professionals in emotional labor occupations, clergy experience high rates of mental and physical comorbidities. Regular stress management practices may reduce stress-related symptoms and morbidity, but more research is needed into what practices can be reliably included in busy lifestyles, and practiced at a high enough level to meaningfully reduce stress symptoms. Methods and analysis: The overall design is a preference-based randomized waitlist-control trial. United Methodist clergy in North Carolina will be eligible to participate. The intervention and waitlist-control groups will be recruited by email. The interventions offered are specifically targeted to clergy preference and include: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Daily Examen and stress inoculation training. Surveys will be conducted at 0, 12 and 24 weeks with heart rate data collected at 0 and 12 weeks. The primary outcomes for this study are self-reported symptoms of stress and heart rate at week 12 for each intervention compared to waitlist control; the secondary outcome is symptoms of anxiety comparing each intervention vs waitlist control. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval was obtained from the Duke University Campus IRB (2019-0238). Results will be made available to researchers, funders, and members of the clergy community.ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration number: NCT04625777.

Measures of RSA Suppression, Attentional Control, and Negative Affect Predict Self-Ratings of Executive Functions

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Healy ◽  
Aaron Treadwell ◽  
Mandy Reagan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Low Levels

The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that individual differences in estimates of the suppression of RSA, and ratings of attentional control were associated with the ability to employ executive processes but only when self-ratings of negative affect were low. An increase in negative affect compromised the ability to employ these strategies in the majority of participants. The data also suggest that high attentional control in conjunction with attenuated estimates of RSA suppression may increase the ability to use executive processes as negative affect increases.

Stress inoculation training outcomes among veterans with PTSD and TBI.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 842-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Jackson ◽  
Matthew R. Baity ◽  
Kailyn Bobb ◽  
Diane Swick ◽  
Jeannette Giorgio
Keyword(s):  
Stress Inoculation ◽  
Stress Inoculation Training ◽  
Training Outcomes

scholarly journals Can Residential Greenspace Exposure Improve Pain Experience? A Comparison between Physical Visit and Image Viewing

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Hansen Li ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Shilin Bi ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Guodong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
The State ◽  
Subjective Stress ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Scenic Beauty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pain Stimuli

Reducing the burden of pain via greenspace exposure is a rising research topic. However, insufficient evidence has been found in relation to the environmental effect itself. Residential greenspace, as a convenient but limited natural environment for urban dwellers, has benefits and services yet to be discovered. Therefore, the current study recruited 24 young adults to evaluate the effects of physical visit to, or image viewing of, residential greenspace on pain perception and related psychophysiological outcomes, via simulated pain. Pain threshold and tolerance were recorded via the level of pain stimuli, and pain intensity was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The state scale of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and two adjective pairs were employed to measure the state anxiety and subjective stress, respectively. Meanwhile, heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) were measured to investigate physiological responses. Besides, Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) was also employed to assess participants’ preference regarding the experimental environments. The results revealed that visiting the greenspace significantly increased the pain threshold and tolerance, while no significant effect was observed for image viewing. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in pain-related psychophysiological indices between the experimental settings, but significantly negative associations were found between the scores of SBE and subjective stress and state anxiety. In conclusion, the current study brings experimental evidence of improving pain experience via residential greenspace exposure, while the related psychophysiological benefits require further investigation.

Contribution of an Educational Phase to Stress Inoculation of Speech Anxiety

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
Matt E. Jaremko ◽  
Rob Hadfield ◽  
William E. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Combination Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stress Inoculation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Inoculation Training ◽  
Speech Anxiety ◽  
Public Speech ◽  
Behavioral Ratings ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Control Group

A study is described in which students anxious about speeches were treated by variations of stress inoculation training. The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the contribution of an educational phase to the training. Three treatment groups received either the educational phase only, the skills phase only, or both. These were compared with a no-treatment control group. The education-only group was the only group to improve significantly on self-reported anxiety measured before giving a public speech. The education-only and combination group improved on self-reported self-efficacy as a speaker. All groups improved on behavioral ratings of anxiety. Discussion focuses on the apparent potency of using an educational model in the treatment of anxiety. Future research is suggested for delineating the conditions under which education is a powerful ingredient.

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