scholarly journals Grey Water: Agricultural Use of Reclaimed Water in California

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Sheikh ◽  
Kara L. Nelson ◽  
Brent Haddad ◽  
Anne Thebo
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Agricultural Use

Agricultural Use of Reclaimed Water - Experiences in Jordan

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Vallentin
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
National Water

Due to extreme water scarcity Jordan is integrating reclaimed water resources in the national water management system. This paper describes the recent framework conditions for reclaimed water use in agriculture in Jordan, with a focus on the central and southern Jordan Valley. The possible impacts of lower quality irrigation water on soil, groundwater, crops and human health are considered while appropriate guidelines and monitoring proposals are being developed. Testing of the guidelines and implementation of the monitoring systems have started with the final purpose of integrating them into the Jordanian standard and legal system and thus ensuring safe food for consumers and protection of the environment.

scholarly journals Feasibility of on-site grey-water reuse for toilet flushing in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Martin Wagner ◽  
Peter Cornel ◽  
Hongbin Chen ◽  
Xiaohu Dai
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Toilet Flushing ◽  
Grey Water Reuse

Abstract Although the total reuse rate of municipal wastewater was 8.8% in China in 2012, water crisis is forcing China to increasingly develop water reuse. Urban reuse is comparatively poor and has significant potential to be promoted in China. It is a sensitive matter whether to include kitchen wastewater in grey-water reuse in water-deficient areas when kitchen wastewater accounts for a large proportion of total domestic water consumption. Concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand), and total organic carbon in kitchen wastewater are comparatively lower in China than in other countries, but a high concentration of nitrogen from washing tableware and rice makes it difficult to meet nitrogen requirements in Chinese guidelines. Whether kitchen wastewater should be included in grey-water reuse in China needs further study. Aerobic biological processes combined with physical filtration and/or disinfection is preferred in grey-water treatment, and how to balance the investment and treatment costs with reuse criteria still needs to be researched further. The promotion of reclaimed water for toilet flushing faces resistance in China. The necessity and effectiveness of existing restrictions in water reuse guidelines for toilet flushing in China are in doubt and need further discussion.

Transformation of evaluation criteria of lands withdrawn from agricultural turnover due to radioactive contamination

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Olga Merzlova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Contaminated Land ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Land Clearance

One of the measures to eliminate the consequences of the Chernobyl accident was the exclusion of highly contaminated land from agricultural use. Due to the positive dynamics of the radiation situation, the issue of land return becomes relevant. However, in the period of exclusion of these lands the land clearance degradation processes were developing. The second part of the article is devoted to the issue of economic evaluation of the expediency of land return and the mutual coordination of the results of separate stages of complex ecological and economic evaluation. The research was carried out in Mogilev branch Institute of radiology (Republic of Belarus).

Transformation of assessment criteria for lands withdrawn from agricultural use due to radioactive contamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Olga Merzlova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Contaminated Land ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Natural Decay

One of the measures to eliminate the consequences of the Chernobyl accident was the exclusion of highly contaminated land from agricultural use. During the natural decay of radionuclides there is a decrease in the activity of 137Cs and 90Sr in the soil. The issue of land return becomes relevant. The article describes the main stages of formation of the system of criteria and indicators of ecological and economic evaluation of the expediency of land return. The first part of the article is devoted to the issue of radiological evalation.

Modes of agricultural use, productivity and fertility of developed lowland peat soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Glubokovskih
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Fodder Crop ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Fodder Crop Rotation

The results of many years of research on the cultivation of crops in fodder crop rotation on dried peat soil are presented. A productive and agroecological assessment of crop rotation with various saturation with perennial grasses is given. The data on the reduction of peat reserves and changes in the agrochemical properties of the soil are presented.

SISTEM PENGELOLAAN AIR LIMBAH KOMUNAL BERDASARKAN POLA PERMUKIMAN KOTA PONTIANAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabuansyah
Keyword(s):  
Grey Water ◽  
Black Water

Sanitasi merupakan salah satu faktor bagian yang terpenting dalam kehidupan dan juga merupakan suatu kebutuhan dasar dalam kehidupan sehari-hari bagi manusia. Aturan-aturan yang telah dibuat oleh pemerintah tidak pernah diperhatikan lagi sehingga kualitas lingkungan tidak terjaga dan menyebabkan lingkungan kita tercemar dengan limbah. Air limbah dapat berasal dari rumah tangga (domestik) yaitu buangan kakus (black water) berpotensi mengandung mikroba pathogen dan air bekas cucian dapur, mesin cuci dan kamar mandi (grey water). Melihat kondisi tesebut, limbah rumah tangga sampai saat ini dibuang langsung ke saluran-saluran drainase yang ada melalui parit-parit dan sungai. Buangan air limbah tersebut di tampung melalui bak Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah (IPAL) yang bersifat komunal, off site sanitation atau individual dan selanjutnya lumpur tinja dari bak IPAL tersebut di olah ke Instalasi Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja (IPLT) dengan menggunakan mobil tinja atau motor tinja. Dengan melihat cakupan layanan IPLT yang baru mencapai 5,2%, dapat diduga bahwa 39,06% pengolahan air limbah sistem setempat masih belum efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yaitu prosedur pemecahan masalah yang diselidiki dengan menggambarkan keadaan subjek atau objek dalam penelitian pada saat sekarang berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang tampak atau apa adanya. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada kondisi dilapangan melalui wawancara dan obesrvasi sampai dengan pengolahan. Prakiraan timbulan limbah cair pada 20 tahun kemudian diproyeksikan timbulan/buangan air limbah di Kota Pontianak akan mencapai 79.515 M3/hari dengan debit air limbah mencapai 920 liter/detik, maka diproyeksikan kebutuhan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Komunal ini di Kota Pontianak mencapai 269 unit dengan layanan kepada sekitar 138.793 penduduk. Sistem penyaluran air limbah cair rumah tangga tersebut ke penampungan dan seterusnya diolah di IPLT yang telah tersedia. Dalam penanganan lumpur tinja di Kota Pontianak dilakukan pengangkutan/penyedotan lumpur tinja, pengolahan lumpur tinja dan penanganan lumpur keringKata-kata kunci: sanitasi, proyeksi, limbah rumah tangga, instalasi pengolahan air limbah komunal, instalasi pengolahan lumpur tinja

Effects of GMO agricultural products on living things

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ERCAN ÇATAK ◽  
Ali ATALAY
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
World Population ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Living Creature

By obtaining changes on gene sequences of living things with the applied biotechnological methods; The idea of "Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)", which aims to bring the living creature in question the original gene combinations with the desired characteristics, came to life in the late twentieth century. Despite the high probability that hunger problems may increase with the increasing world population; It is thought that plant breeding with classical farming methods will be insufficient in solving these problems. With various GMO applications developed all over the world, it aims to produce solutions to these problems. With the presence of GMO, it was possible to increase the shelf life of qualitative and quantitative values of the existing foods. In addition, decreases in agricultural use of pesticides used in agricultural struggle and threatening human health with GMO production are noteworthy. However, some concerns about anomalies that may occur in living things fed GMO products remain on the agenda. Because, in the long term, there is no clear and precise information that GMO will not have negative effects on living things; There are many recorded incidents showing their negative effects.

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