Patterns of engagement: the relationship between efficacy beliefs and task engagement at the individual versus collective level

Although statistical evidence seems to be lacking. it is at present widely acknowledged that organisational culture has the potential of having a significant effect on organisational performance. An analysis of sustained superior financial performance of certain American organisations has attributed their success to the culture that each of them had developed. It has been proposed that these organisations are characterised by a strong set of core managerial values that define the ways in which they conduct business. how they treat employees, customers, suppliers and others. Culture is to the organisation what personality is to the individual. It is a hidden but unifying force that provides meaning and direction and has been defined as the prevailing background fabric of prescriptions and proscriptions for behaviour, the system of beliefs and values and the technology and task of the organisation together with the accepted approaches to these. Recent studies have indicated that corporate culture has an impact on a firm's long-term financial performance: that corporate culture will probably be an even more important factor in determining the success or failure of firms in the next decade; that corporate cultures that inhibit long-term financial performance are not rare and that they develop easily. even in firms that are staffed by reasonable and intelligent people; and that corporate cultures, although difficult to change, can be made more performance enhancing. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to establish the statistical relationship between organisational culture and financial performance.

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Multilevel study of factors for cultivating self-efficacy in the online game industry

Journal of Management & Organization ◽

10.1017/jmo.2017.22 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 672-694

Author(s):

Chia-Ying Li ◽

Chiun-Yi Tsai

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Affective Commitment ◽

Efficacy Beliefs ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Theoretical Development ◽

Learning Orientation ◽

Group Efficacy ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship

AbstractSelf-efficacy is not a phenomenon solely applicable to the individual; it may be applicable to several levels within an organisation. Although the theoretical development of efficacy beliefs has been discussed, few studies have investigated how to enhance self-efficacy through individual motivation or management policies. After collecting data from 414 employees of 38 research and development teams, multilevel analyses are conducted to empirically integrate efficacy beliefs at the individual and team levels in a moderated mediation model. The results indicate that self-efficacy mediates the effects of both learning orientation and affective commitment on group efficacy, which further facilitates innovation effectiveness. Training not only affects self-efficacy, but also moderates the mediation effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between learning orientation and group efficacy. Moreover, goal clarity moderates the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between affective commitment and group efficacy.

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Perceived and Actual Basketball Competence of Adolescent Males with Mild Mental Retardation

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.15.2.179 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 179-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Deborah R. Shapiro ◽

Gail M. Dummer

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Adolescent Males ◽

Task Characteristics ◽

Mild Mental Retardation ◽

Free Throw ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship ◽

And Task

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived and actual basketball competence for 25 adolescent males, ages 12 to 15, with mild mental retardation. Participants completed a Pictorial Scale of Perceived Basketball Competence and a modified version of the AAHPER Basketball Skills Test for Boys. Consistent with Harter’s (1978) theory of perceived competence, a positive relationship was found between perceived and actual basketball competence for the individual skills of push pass for accuracy (rs = .38, p = .03), jump and reach (rs = .42, p = .02), speed dribble (rs = .21, p = .16), and free-throw shooting (rs = .37, p = .03), and for the combined battery of four skills (rs = .46, p = .01). Issues relating to cognitive development of participants, testing methodology, statistical analysis techniques, and task characteristics serve as possible explanations for the results of this investigation.

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The Relationship Between Individual Differences in Switching Performance and Task Engagement

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931213601067 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 293-297

Author(s):

Benjamin A. Clegg ◽

Christopher D. Wickens

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Task Switching ◽

Real World ◽

Task Engagement ◽

Task Load ◽

Switching Performance ◽

Concurrent Tasks ◽

High Workload ◽

The Relationship ◽

And Task

Strategic task switching is demanded in many real-world situations where effective simultaneous performance of concurrent tasks is not possible. Building from a model of strategic task overload management, the current study explored the influence of task load on the relationship between an individual’s task switching capability and task engagement. Only when high workload was present in both tasks was there a correlation between the capability to switch and subsequent action within tasks. In contrast, no relationships between task switching and later task engagement were seen when demands were not high enough in both tasks to require strategic switching.

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Age as Moderator of the Relationship Between Self-efficacy and Effort in Occupational Teams

Work Aging and Retirement ◽

10.1093/workar/waz024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 118-129

Author(s):

Laura U A Gärtner ◽

Guido Hertel

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Efficacy Beliefs ◽

Reconstruction Method ◽

Specific Work ◽

Moderation Effect ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship ◽

Working Alone ◽

Age Moderation

Abstract Demographic changes increase the age range in occupational teams, which has potential consequences for collaboration not only at the team level (age diversity) but also at the individual level regarding how much effort workers expend. By integrating a life span perspective into theories on effort expenditure in teams, we assumed that workers’ chronological age moderates the relationship between task-specific self-efficacy beliefs and effort expenditure in organizational teamwork. More specifically, we assumed that task-specific self-efficacy beliefs are more strongly related with effort for older as compared with younger team members. Hypotheses were tested in 2 online studies (N = 209 and 271 workers, respectively) using the event reconstruction method. Participants were instructed to reexperience specific work events from the last few days (Study 1: 2 teamwork events; Study 2: 1 teamwork event and 1 working-alone event) and to indicate their self-efficacy and effort expenditure in each event. Results of both studies showed the expected age moderation of the self-efficacy–effort link in team settings, whereas no such moderation was observed in working-alone settings in Study 2. Finally, Study 2 also showed a stronger age moderation effect in unfamiliar as compared with familiar tasks.

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Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

Perspectives on Global Issues in Communication Sciences and Related Disorders ◽

10.1044/gics3.1.22 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 22-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brynne D. Ovalle ◽

Rahul Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

Identity Construction ◽

Social Theory ◽

Power Relations ◽

Linguistic Diversity ◽

Cultural Organization ◽

Using Data ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

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Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000399 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Meshan Lehmann ◽

Matthew R. Hilimire ◽

Lawrence H. Yang ◽

Bruce G. Link ◽

Jordan E. DeVylder

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Self Esteem ◽

High Risk Population ◽

High Functioning ◽

People With Mental Illness ◽

History Of ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

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