Power and Conflict

Most network research reflects a positive bias, suggesting that organizations can accomplish more by working together than they can by working alone. However, networks can also catalyze conflict between partners. This chapter identifies the various forms of power and describes how power imbalances can increase the potential for conflict in networks. It introduces a typology of conflict occurring at three interfaces. Micro-level conflicts take place at the interface between individuals and organizations. Meso-level conflicts occur between the organization and the network. And, macro-level conflicts are those in which the network conflicts with the broader community or system in which it resides. The chapter uses examples of network conflict from case studies, noting the consequences of the conflict. The chapter identifies different ways that networks can successfully manage conflict. Finally, the chapter includes two tools for addressing power and conflict: the stakeholder participation tool and the VOICE heuristic.

Visual Histories: Amateur Film in New Zealand c.1923-1970

<p>Many ordinary New Zealanders made amateur films between c.1923-1970. This thesis explores the types of films they made; home movies, community films and films made by members of amateur cine clubs. The discussion focuses on the making, showing and viewing of each of these types of films. Some were shown in private home or club situations, while other films were shown publicly. As a group of films and film practises they offer a valuable source of information on social and cultural history. Their construction differs from orthodox professional film and offers important alternate views of New Zealand society. The sub-genre of amateur film are numerous. Films discussed include newsreels and scripted narrative drama made by amateur cine club members either working alone or in groups. Others under discussion are local films, political films, mountaineering films, educational, instructional and promotional film. The influences on amateur filmmaking are considered: camera company marketing and amateur film manuals, the international amateur film movement and the competition focused cine club culture. The thesis uses four main collections to discuss aspects of amateur filmmaking. These are the films of James Osler of Wairoa, Frederick Thorn of Waiuta, Amos James Smith of Rangiora and Nancy Cameron of Whanganui, all held at the New Zealand Film Archive, Wellington.</p>

Visual Histories: Amateur Film in New Zealand c.1923-1970

<p>Many ordinary New Zealanders made amateur films between c.1923-1970. This thesis explores the types of films they made; home movies, community films and films made by members of amateur cine clubs. The discussion focuses on the making, showing and viewing of each of these types of films. Some were shown in private home or club situations, while other films were shown publicly. As a group of films and film practises they offer a valuable source of information on social and cultural history. Their construction differs from orthodox professional film and offers important alternate views of New Zealand society. The sub-genre of amateur film are numerous. Films discussed include newsreels and scripted narrative drama made by amateur cine club members either working alone or in groups. Others under discussion are local films, political films, mountaineering films, educational, instructional and promotional film. The influences on amateur filmmaking are considered: camera company marketing and amateur film manuals, the international amateur film movement and the competition focused cine club culture. The thesis uses four main collections to discuss aspects of amateur filmmaking. These are the films of James Osler of Wairoa, Frederick Thorn of Waiuta, Amos James Smith of Rangiora and Nancy Cameron of Whanganui, all held at the New Zealand Film Archive, Wellington.</p>

Characteristics and Associated Factors of Burn-out among Moroccan Dentists

Objective: Burnout is a real threat for healthcare professionals and is growing exponentially in our modern societies. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of burnout among dentists in Rabat, Sale, and Kenitra region and look for the associated factors.Method: This is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out in 2019 with a group of 120 dentists using a self-administered questionnaire; burnout was assessed by the French version of the Maslash Burnout Inventory (MBI).Results: A total of 100 dentists participated in the study (response rate of 83.33%) with a female predominance at 56% and an average age of 38 years. Severe burnout affected 25% of participants, and only 3% presented low burnout for all three dimensions (According to Maslach's Burnout Inventory). The percentages of the MBI sub-dimensions were as follows: 47% had high emotional exhaustion, 51% had high depersonalization, and 42% had low personal fulfillment. High depersonalization was associated with unmarried status (p = 0.019) and working alone (p = 0.002).Conclusion: 25% of the dentists in our study were affected by severe burnout, which presents a worrying result proving that burnout is a reality in our country. The contributing factors were working alone in the office and being unmarried, and the essential protective element seemed to work in association.

الأموال المشتركة بين الزوجين بين الفقه والواقع

It is well known that women in pre-Islamic Jahiliyya and before Islam were practiced at all levels, so they were not a worthy thing, and society at that time did not recognize her any of the rights, whether they were moral or financial rights. Rather, they were bequeathed similarly to that as the goods that were inherited until Islam came and higher than that responded to their dignity and make them synonymous with the man he says (not Taatmnoa what is the virtue of God with one another for men's share, which gained for women's share, which gained and ask Allah of his bounty that God had knowledge of all things) women: 32, and the campus on Aladhar men and Adilha said Gel would (O ye who believe, do not you solve that women do not possess ing Tedlohn to go to some of Ateetmohn but come Pfahach indicating the interpretation of the meaning Ltamohn may be that you dislike a thing and Allah makes it much good) women: 19 This is for women in general, as for the wife, he has proven to her rights arising from marriage, such as the dowry, maintenance, clothing, pleasure, her right to inheritance after the death of the husband, and other rights that were dealt with in detail by the ancient jurists. As circumstances have changed, and in the past women are no longer content to sit at home and take care of the affairs of the husband and children. The woman went out to work and began to contribute to the financial burdens alongside her husband, in addition to that the emergence of women's rights associations that began to advocate for the right of women to share money with the husband. The beneficiary during the period of marriage and considering her work at home as a work that deserves a wage, and the emergence of legislation in some Islamic countries, such as Tunisia and Malaysia, for example, giving the wife the right to share with the husband the money collected during marital life, all of this prompted me to contribute to shedding light on this issue that was not addressed to it. The old jurists and I thought to shed light on the types of money gained during married life, and the ruling for each type is as follows: 1- Private funds for both spouses before the establishment of married life. 2- Funds obtained as a result of a partnership between the spouses 3- Funds obtained as a result of women working with men. 4- Funds obtained as a result of the woman working alone, excluding her unemployed husband. 5- Funds obtained by the husband only, without any direct participation of the woman in its collection. 6- Fatwas and legislations in some Islamic countries regarding this matter. The research was concluded with a conclusion that includes the most important findings and recommendations that the researcher sees.

With “App” Attention

The chapter addresses how teachers can guide the development of students’ musical capacities through creative projects in digital environments. Specific suggestions are tailored to suit the needs of student composers, performers, and listeners as they develop their individual musicianship skills. Students can be guided beyond simply exploring apps by focusing on feelingful intention, musical expression, and artistic craftsmanship as they create music of their own. Student performers in iPad ensembles can be helped to anticipate sonic possibilities and artistically interpret the music of others as sensitive expressions of feeling. Listening experiences become more purposeful when students attend to musical impressions through artistic perception and create a personally meaningful relationship with music. These capacities are available in all manner of musical media, but they especially can assist and focus student expressivity in technological environments. This allows students to more artistically engage their personal creativity. Whether working alone or in collaboration with others, students may use a variety of apps to broaden their conceptions of music and the role of technology in music. Teaching examples designed to develop role-specific musical capacities are provided for composition, performance, and listening activities.

The Effectiveness of Cooperative Work Procedure in Enhancing Translation Skills among Saudi Students of Translation at King Khalid University

The present paper aimed at exploring the effectiveness of using the translation techniques, namely, Cooperative Work Procedure. (Gerding- Salas, 2000) on teaching translation courses for the students of translation at King Khalid University. The researcher used two tools to collect data, a translation test, and a questionnaire which were designed by the researcher. The purposive sample of the study consisted of forty-eight students of translation who were assigned randomly to two groups, i.e., experimental and control. One group extensively utilized Cooperative Learning, whilst the other did not. The paper revealed that the utilization of Cooperative learning (CL) in teaching translation courses take an active part in promoting translation students' performance in translating texts. The experimental group subjects' results show positive obtains through the synthesis of Cooperative Learning (CL) in teaching translation courses. Moreover, data from the questionnaire indicated the students of translation have spectra responses towards cooperative learning and a majority of them favored working alone. The study also revealed that nearly all of the students of translation appreciated fully the issue of discussing and debating their renditions tasks with their colleagues while they do not like the idea of working in groups.