Demographic expansion and high level of matrilineal diversity in two populations of East African Baggara cattle

Retracted on the 7th of July, 2020 by the Journal’s Editor-in-Chief request dated July 3th 2020. The type of retraction – plagiarism. The Editor-in-Chief of the journal was asked to retract this article because of plagiarism. The request came from the author of the article, which was published 8 months before the retracted article was published in “Banks and Bank Systems” journal. The author(s) insisted that the article completely repeated his own, i.e. contained a high level of plagiarism that could not be corrected. Editorial staff carried out an investigation into plagiarism in the article published. When the manuscript was submitted to the Journals for consideration, the authors signed the Cover letter and attested to the fact that their manuscript is an original research and has not been published before. After that, the manuscript was accepted for consideration by the Managing Editor and was tested for plagiarism using the iThenticate program. Plagiarism was not detected. Later, after the article complaint and the statement of plagiarism, we used all the sources and resources provided by the complainant, the article was re-tested for plagiarism, and plagiarism was established According to the results of the investigation, the editorial board decided to retract the article on July 7, 2020. The authors were notified of such a decision.

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Co-expression of insulin and somatostatin genes in pancreatic endocrine cells selected for their high level of insulin gene transcription

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.101.4.795 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 101 (4) ◽

pp. 795-799

Author(s):

C. Saulnier-Michel ◽

M. Fromont-Racine ◽

R. Pictet

Keyword(s):

Endocrine Cells ◽

Selective Pressure ◽

Cell Types ◽

Insulin Gene ◽

Regulatory Sequences ◽

Endogenous Insulin ◽

Pancreatic Endocrine Cells ◽

Gene Regulatory ◽

High Level ◽

Two Populations

RW cells are pancreatic endocrine RIN cells that have been stably transfected with a chimeric gene that places the expression of the dominant selection gpt gene under the control of the insulin gene regulatory sequences. These RW cells were examined for hormone content using immunocytochemistry. This analysis shows that: first, there are cells that are negative for insulin although they were cultured under selective pressure. Second, there is a higher proportion of somatostatin-producing cells than in the parental RIN cells; these somatostatin cells form two populations: one of cells containing only somatostatin and, surprisingly, one made of cells containing both insulin and somatostatin. Thus: (1) expression of the transfected and endogenous insulin regulatory sequences is not regulated in a coordinate fashion; (2) the presence of both hormones in the same cell suggests that the regulation of the expression of insulin and somatostatin genes and the differentiation pathway of the two respective cell types may be closely related.

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Analysis of Genetic Diversity in three Kazakh Sheep using 12 Microsatellites

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24336 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.38) ◽

pp. 122

Author(s):

Kairat Dossybayev ◽

Aizhan Mussayeva ◽

Bakytzhan Bekmanov ◽

Beibit Kulataev

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Mean Value ◽

Fixation Index ◽

Merino Sheep ◽

Str Markers ◽

Sheep Breeds ◽

Str Loci ◽

High Level ◽

Two Populations

The genetic structure of three Kazakh sheep breeds was examined by using 12 microsatellite loci. A total of 144 alleles were detected from the 12 STR loci, with a mean value of 12.0. The highest allele diversity was found at the locus CSRD247 (16 alleles). PIC value showed that all studied STR markers are more informative and appropriate for genetic analysis of three Kazakh sheep populations. Beside of INRA006, all markers had high level of genetic variability. As Fixation index shows, the excess of the heterozygosity was observed only in loci MAF065. Obtained number of private alleles in Edilbai, Kazakh Arkhar Merino and Kazakh Fine-wool sheep were 25, 17 and 15 respectively. Genetic diversity was higher in Edilbai population than in other two populations. The genetic variability was lower in Kazakh Arkhar Merino sheep than in the Edilbai and Kazakh Fine-wool sheep breeds. The genetic distance was the largest between Edilbai and Kazakh Arkhar Merinos. Also, the moderate differentiation was observed between Edilbai and Kazakh Arkhar Merinos.

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The effect of dominant species on numbers and agę structure of Iris sibirica L. population on blue moor-grass meadow in southern Poland

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2007.020 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 165-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kinga Kostrakiewicz

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Age Structure ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Field Observations ◽

Grass Meadow ◽

High Level ◽

Two Populations ◽

Clonal Species

Two populations of Iris sibirica, a clonal species protected by law in Poland, occurring in patches of Molinietum caeruleae, of similar floristic composition although with different dominant species, were studied. In the Stanisławice locality, species with a high competitive potential prevailed, contrary to the Opatkowice locality, where the species of low competitive potential dominated. It was established that vegetative propagation ensures the continued presence of populations in both localities, although the proximity of plants with high competitive potential limits the vegetative propagation of ramet clusters of Iris sibirica. Despite the high level of seed production, the recruitment of seedlings in both patches is possible only in artificially created gaps. The field observations support the conclusion that creating gaps allowing for germination of seeds and development of seedlings, as well as eliminating expansive neighbours allowing proliferation of ramet clusters of Iris sibirica, is an affective way of protecting populations of this species.

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Anthropometrics and Body Composition in East African Runners: Potential Impact on Performance

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2016-0408 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 422-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Martin Mooses ◽

Anthony C. Hackney

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Critical Role ◽

Relative Energy ◽

Running Economy ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Distance Running ◽

East African ◽

Energy Deficiency ◽

Low Bmi ◽

High Level

Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), fractional utilization of V̇O2max during running, and running economy (RE) are crucial factors for running success for all endurance athletes. Although evidence is limited, investigations of these key factors indicate that East Africans’ superiority in distance running is largely due to a unique combination of these factors. East African runners appear to have a very high level of RE most likely associated, at least partly, with anthropometric characteristics rather than with any specific metabolic property of the working muscle. That is, evidence suggest that anthropometrics and body composition might have important parameters as determinants of superior performance of East African distance runners. Regrettably, this role is often overlooked and mentioned as a descriptive parameter rather than an explanatory parameter in many research studies. This brief review article provides an overview of the evidence to support the critical role anthropometrics and body composition has on the distance running success of East African athletes. The structural form and shape of these athletes also has a downside, because having very low BMI or body fat increases the risk for relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) conditions in both male and female runners, which can have serious health consequences.

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Mixed Mating in Banksia brownii Baxter ex R. Br. (Proteaceae)

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9940103 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

JF Sampson ◽

BG Collins ◽

DJ Coates

Keyword(s):

Endangered Species ◽

Minimum Variance ◽

Outcrossing Rate ◽

Mixed Mating ◽

System Parameters ◽

Rare And Endangered Species ◽

Large Populations ◽

Rare And Endangered ◽

High Level ◽

Two Populations

Mating system parameters of the rare and endangered species Banksia brownii were estimated for two populations using both the mixed mating and effective selfing models. Estimates of outcrossing rate were similar in both populations for both models (mixed mating t Pop. 1=0.68, Pop. 2=0.75; effective selfing t Pop. 1=0.65, Pop. 2=0.73) and were among the lowest reported for undisturbed Banksia populations. Banksia brownii is killed by fire and the high level of selfing found may be associated with this trait. Multilocus and minimum variance mean i estimates were similar and the covariance of selfing with gene fixation (D) was not significantly different from zero indicating that populations were not structured and that most of the inbreeding was the result of self-fertilisation. The absence of structure was attributed to gene dispersal through pollen disperse by birds, and selection against inbred seed. It is suggested that several entire, large populations of this species together with habitat sufficient to support pollinators be reserved to conserve this species.

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Regionalism and Regional Politics of African States (on the Example of the Countries of the East African Community)

Izvestiya of Altai State University ◽

10.14258/izvasu(2021)5-12 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 78-82

Author(s):

V.R. Filippov

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

Federal State ◽

Regional Politics ◽

East African ◽

African Countries ◽

East African Community ◽

Post Colonial ◽

Economic Association ◽

African Community ◽

High Level

The subject of the study was the East African Commonwealth, an economic association that currently unites Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda and Southern Sudan. Particular attention is paid to the integration processes in Africa in the post-colonial period, the doctrine of federalism in the political discourse of African countries, the causes of the crisis and the dissolution of the EAC in the seventies of the last century, as well as the economic and political reasons for reintegration of YOU. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the EAC from an economic alliance to a political one and the prospect of forming a federative state on the basis of the SAC. The author identifies the factors that led to the economic consolidation of the EAC, as well as those determinants of development of the commonwealth, which make it extremely difficult to form a unified federal state in East Africa. It is concluded that the further regionalization of the African continent and the realization of the federal project in East Africa will be hindered by such factors as the high level of conflict in the EAC member countries, tribalism, cultural, confessional and linguistic heterogeneity, and the ambition of leaders and political elites.

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Comparative population structuring of molecular and allozyme variation of Drosophila melanogaster Adh between Europe, West Africa and East Africa

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300033115 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 95-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Véronique Bénassi ◽

Michel Veuille

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

West Africa ◽

East Africa ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Allozyme Variation ◽

East African ◽

Three Samples ◽

African Populations ◽

Population Structuring ◽

Two Populations

SummaryRestriction enzyme molecular variation in Drosophila melanogaster Adh was compared between three natural populations from Europe, West Africa and East Africa. The frequency distribution of silent variation in the slow allele was compatible with the neutral model in all three samples. The number of haplotypes in East Africa was significantly higher than in the other two populations. The largest divergence, as measured by Fst, was between the East African population and a group made up from the West African, the European, and previously studied American populations. We suggest that a split first occurred within African populations at least 44000 years ago. European populations separated from West Africa more recently, between the last glacial maximum and the post-glacial optimum, 18000 to 8000 years ago. We suggest that this species was domesticated recently relative to human evolution, possibly with the advent of agriculture. Population differentiation with respect to the two allozymes, fast and slow, does not follow the geographical pattern of silent variation. It opposes European to both African populations, and probably results from selection for adaptation to alcohol in recent temperate populations.

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Specificity of Prehaustorial Resistance to Puccinia hordei and to Two Inappropriate Rust Fungi in Barley

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.1998.88.8.856 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 88 (8) ◽

pp. 856-861 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

T. J. H. Hoogkamp ◽

W.-Q. Chen ◽

R. E. Niks

Keyword(s):

Latent Period ◽

Recombinant Inbred ◽

Partial Resistance ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Rust Fungi ◽

Puccinia Hordei ◽

High Level ◽

Early Abortion ◽

Two Populations

To elucidate the specificity of prehaustorial resistance to inappropriate rust fungi, we studied two populations of recombinant inbred lines of barley that segregated for partial resistance (PR) to Puccinia hordei and for the resistance to the inappropriate rust species P. recondita f. sp. tritici and P. hordei-murini. PR to P. hordei is prehaustorial and nonhypersensitive, and its level can be assessed accurately by measuring the latent period of the fungus. The resistance to the inappropriate rust species is a combination of prehaustorial (nonhypersensitive) and posthaustorial (hypersensitive) mechanisms. The amount of nonhypersensitive, early abortion of P. recondita f. sp. tritici and P. hordei-murini sporelings reflects the degree of prehaustorial defense to the two inappropriate rust species. All lines showing a long latent period of P. hordei also had a relatively high level of early abortion of the growth of P. recondita f. sp. tritici and P. hordei-murini. This indicates that genes for PR to P. hordei are also effective against these two inappropriate rust species. The reverse was not necessarily true; some lines showing a high level of early abortion of P. recondita f. sp. tritici and P. hordei-murini had a low level of PR to P. hordei. Moreover, lines with a similar level of prehaustorial resistance to P. recondita f. sp. tritici could differ considerably in their prehaustorial resistance to P. hordei-murini. This indicates that genes for prehaustorial resistance may exhibit rust species specificity.

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Comparative study of putative conspecific sponge populations from both sides of the Isthmus of Panama

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315498000046 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 39-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

N. Boury-Esnault ◽

M. Klautau ◽

C. Bézac ◽

J. Wulff ◽

A.M. Solé-Cava

Keyword(s):

Morphological Evolution ◽

Biological Species ◽

Type I ◽

Gene Divergence ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Isthmus Of Panama ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Caribbean ◽

High Level ◽

Two Populations

A morphological, cytological and genetic comparison of putative conspecific populations of Spirastrella sp. cf. mollis (Porifera: Demospongiae) from both sides of the Isthmus of Panama revealed a very high level of genetic differentiation together with morphological and cytological differences. The main differences were the distribution of the spirasters within the choanosome, the size and shape of spirasters 1, and the size and shape of inclusions within type I cells. Consequently these two populations clearly belong to different biological species. The Atlantic one, S. hartmani sp. nov. corresponds to what previous authors have called S. cunctatrix in the Caribbean. The finding of this new species raises to three the number of Spirastrella spp. known from the Caribbean Sea. The Pacific species is named here S. sabogae sp. nov. The levels of gene divergence found between S. hartmani and S. sabogae (Nei's genetic distance D=2.30) were as high as those found between different genera in other groups of invertebrates. Similarly exceptionally high values of gene divergence have been found between other congeneric sponge species and may be indicative either of a higher rate of molecular evolution or a very slow rate of morphological evolution in the Porifera compared to other metazoans.

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