Fasting serum insulin levels and insulin resistance are associated with colorectal adenoma in Koreans

Background:The impact of walking and bicycling on insulin resistance (IR) in women with abdominal obesity is unclear.Methods:Pooled analysis of data from a randomized trial on physically active commuting (bicycling + walking vs walking only) in women with abdominal obesity [n = 98; age:47.3 ± 7.6 yrs; waist circumference (WC):103.1 ± 7.8 cm]. Bicycling and walking data were collected during 7 consecutive days by trip meters (Trelock FC-410) and pedometers (Yamax digiwalker SW-200) at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 months. Owing to a skew distribution we analyzed bicycling as a binary dummy variable with a 10 km/week cut-off. Fasting serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed at baseline and 6 months, as were body mass index (BMI), WC, and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-assessed % whole-body fat.Results:Increased bicycling by 10 km/wk was associated with reductions in fasting serum insulin at follow-up independent of age, treatment allocation, baseline phenotype, Δ walking, and Δ % body fat (β = −10.9, P = .042), but not HOMA-IR (β = −2.0, P = .13). Increased walking was not associated with fasting serum insulin (P = .33) or HOMA-IR (P = .44) at follow-up, after adjustment for the same covariates and Δ bicycling.Conclusion:Increased bicycling but not walking was associated with reduced insulin levels at follow-up. Bicycling may be more effective than walking for reducing insulin levels in abdominally obese women.

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Short-term high-fat feeding induces islet macrophage infiltration and β-cell replication independently of insulin resistance in mice

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00092.2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 311 (4) ◽

pp. E763-E771 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David C. Woodland ◽

Wei Liu ◽

Jacky Leong ◽

Mallory L. Sears ◽

Ping Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Cell Replication ◽

Fat Pad ◽

High Fat ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Β Cell ◽

Short Term ◽

Insulin Levels

Short-term high-fat consumption stimulates mouse islet β-cell replication through unknown mechanisms. Resident macrophages (MΦs) are capable of secreting various factors involved in islet development and tissue remodeling. We hypothesized that a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) promotes MΦ infiltration in pancreatic islets and that MΦs serve as a regulator of β-cell replication. To test these hypotheses and dissect mechanisms involved in HFD-induced β-cell replication, adult C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 7 days with or without administration of clodronate-containing liposomes, an MΦ-depleting agent. Mouse body and epididymal fat pad weights, and nonfasting blood glucose and fasting serum insulin levels were measured, and pancreatic islet β-cell replication, oxidative stress, and MΦ infiltration were examined. Short-term HFD promoted an increase in body and epididymal fat pad weight and blood glucose levels, along with an increased fasting serum insulin concentration. β-Cell replication, islet MΦ infiltration, and the percentage of inducible NO synthase positive MΦs in the islets increased significantly in mice fed the HFD. Immunofluorescence staining for 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine or activated caspase-3 revealed no significant induction of DNA damage or apoptosis, respectively. In addition, no change in stromal-derived factor 1-expressing cells was found induced by HFD. Despite continuous elevation of nonfasting blood glucose and fasting serum insulin levels, depletion of MΦs through treatments of clodronate abrogated HFD-induced β-cell replication. These findings demonstrated that HFD-induced MΦ infiltration is responsible for β-cell replication. This study suggests the existence of MΦ-mediated mechanisms in β-cell replication that are independent of insulin resistance.

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Fasting serum insulin levels and insulin resistance are associated with blood rheology in Japanese young adults without diabetes

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060515627561 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 496-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kensuke Yoshida ◽

Takao Kimura ◽

Tomoyuki Aoki ◽

Katsuhiko Tsunekawa ◽

Osamu Araki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Young Adults ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Blood Rheology ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Insulin Levels

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Age- and sex-specific reference values for fasting serum insulin levels and insulin resistance/sensitivity indices in healthy Iranian adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Clinical Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.02.007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 432-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Maryam Tohidi ◽

Asghar Ghasemi ◽

Farzad Hadaegh ◽

Arash Derakhshan ◽

Abdolreza Chary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Reference Values ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Sensitivity Indices ◽

Age And Sex

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Comparative effectiveness of carvedilol and propranolol on glycemic control and insulin resistance associated with l-thyroxin-induced hyperthyroidism — an experimental study

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y07-031 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 514-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Parloop Bhatt ◽

Dharmesh Makwana ◽

Devdas Santani ◽

Ramesh Goyal

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Body Mass ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Propranolol Treatment

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of adrenergic antagonists carvedilol and propranolol on l-thyroxin-induced cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances in rats. Treatment with l-thyroxin sodium (75 mg/kg body mass, s.c., every alternate day for 3 weeks), produced a significant increase in food and water intake, body temperature, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, along with an increase in serum T3, T4, and triglyceride levels. Besides a significant reduction in body mass, serum levels of TSH and cholesterol were also reduced following l-thyroxin treatment. Carvedilol (10 mg/kg body mass, orally) and propranolol (10 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) administered daily in the third week to 2 separate groups of l-thyroxin-treated animals reversed thyroxin-induced loss in body mass and rise in body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate. Propranolol treatment increased TSH levels and decreased T3 and T4 levels in hyperthyroid animals, whereas carvedilol did not produce any effect on thyroid hormones. Carvedilol treatment reversed thyroxin induced hypertriglyceridemia, whereas propranolol treatment had no effect. Both carvedilol and propranolol prevented decrease in cholesterol levels induced by thyroxine. Compared with normal animals, l-thyroxin-treated animals showed a state of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance, as inferred from elevated fasting serum glucose and insulin levels, higher area under the curve over 120 min for glucose, and decreased insulin sensitivity index (KITT). Propranolol and carvedilol treatment significantly decreased fasting serum glucose levels. Treatment with propranolol did not alter serum insulin levels, area-under-the-curve glucose, or KITT values. However, treatment with carvedilol significantly reduced area-under-the-curve glucose, decreased fasting serum insulin levels and significantly increased KITT values. In conclusion, carvedilol appears to produce favorable effects on insulin sensitivity and glycemic control and can therefore be considered as more efficacious adjunctive treatment than propranolol in hyperthyroidism.

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Serum Proinsulin in Bangladeshi Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.3329/bjmb.v7i2.22411 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

S Sultana ◽

Z Zeba ◽

A Hossain ◽

A Khaleque ◽

R Zinnat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Insulin Secretory Capacity ◽

Proinsulin Level ◽

Secretory Capacity

Hyperproinsulinemia is commonly present in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The present study was undertaken to investigate the proinsulin level in Bangladeshi IGT subjects and to explore its association with insulin resistance. This observational study was conducted under a case-control design with IGT subjects (n=50) and controls (n=44). IGT was diagnosed following the WHO Study Group Criteria. Serum glucose was measured by glucose-oxidase method, serum lipid profile by enzymatic method and serum insulin and serum proinsulin were measured by ELISA method. Insulin secretory capacity (HOMA%B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) were calculated from fasting serum glucose and fasting serum insulin by homeostasis model assessment. The study subjects were age- and BMI- matched. Mean (±SD) age (yrs) of the control and IGT subjects were 40±6 and 40±5 respectively (p=0.853). Mean (±SD) BMI of the control and IGT subjects were 23±3 and 22±2 respectively (p=0.123). Fasting glucose was not significantly higher in IGT subjects, but serum glucose 2 hours after 75 gm glucose load was significantly higher in IGT subjects. Median (Range) value of fasting serum glucose (mmol/l) of control and IGT subjects were 5.3 (3.8-6) and 5.2 (4-12) respectively; (p=0.297). Median (Range) value of serum glucose (mmol/l) 2 hours after 75 gm glucose load of control and IGT subjects were 6.1 (3-7.8) and 7.9 (5- 21) respectively; (p=0.001). Fasting TG was significantly higher in IGT subjects and LDL-c was significantly lower in IGT subjects. Serum Total cholesterol and HDL-c were not significantly different between the IGT and control subjects. Median (Range) value of fasting serum TG (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 119 (51-474) and 178 (82-540) respectively; (p=0.001). Median (Range) value of fasting serum T chol (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 180 (65-272) and 186 (140-400) respectively; (p=0.191). Median (Range) value of fasting serum HDL-C (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 29 (19-45) and 31 (15-78) respectively; (p=0.914). Median (Range) value of fasting serum LDL-C (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 117(29-201) and 111(41- 320) respectively; (p=0.001). Fasting serum proinsulin was significantly higher in IGT subjects. Median (Range) value of fasting serum proinsulin (pmol/l) of control and IGT subjects were 9.2(1.8-156) and 17(3-51) respectively; (p=0.001). Insulin secretory capacity (HOMA%B) was higher but insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) was significantly lower in case of IGT subjects. Median (Range) value of HOMA%B of control and IGT subjects were 97(46-498) and 164(17-300) respectively; (p=0.001). Median (Range) value of HOMA%S of control and IGT subjects were 68(19-270) and 39(15-110) respectively (p=0.001). In multiple regression analysis a significant negative association was found between fasting proinsulin and insulin sensitivity (p=0.037). The data led to the following conclusions: a) Insulin resistance is the predominant defect in Bangladeshi IGT subjects. b) Basal proinsulin level is significantly increased in IGT subjects. c) Insulin resistance is negatively associated with serum proinsulin in IGT subjects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v7i2.22411 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2014; 7(2): 41-46

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Visfatin levels in non-obese, obese, and insulin resistant adolescents

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi56.5.2016.291-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 291

Author(s):

Indra Ihsan ◽

Eka Agustia Rini ◽

Rismawati Yaswir

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Resistant Group ◽

Visfatin Level

Background Adipose tissue is not merely a site for energy storage, but is also the largest endocrine organ, secreting various adipocytokines. Plasma visfatin, an adipocytokine predominantly secreted from visceral adipose tissue, has insulin-mimetic effects, and has been closely linked to insulin resistance.Objective To compare plasma visfatin levels between obese and non-obese adolescents, as well as between obese adolecents with and without insulin resistance.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in students who attended three senior high schools in Padang. Subjects comprised 28 obese and 28 non-obese adolescents. The age of the subjects ranged from 14-18 years. Obesity criteria were based on body mass index (BMI) measurements. Fasting serum glucose level was measured by glucose hexokinase photometry and serum insulin was measured by chemiluminesence immunoassay. Plasma visfatin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The insulin resistance index was estimated from fasting serum insulin and glucose levels using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Differences in the variables were tested using independent T-test and Mann-Whitney test, depending on the distribution of the variables.Results The mean plasma visfatin level was significantly higher in the obese than in the control group [2.55 (SD 1.54) vs. 1.61 (SD 0.64) ng/mL, respectively; (P=0.005)]. The insulin resistant group had significantly higher mean plasma visfatin level than the non-resistant group [3.61 (SD 1.59) vs. 1.96 (SD 1.18) ng/mL, respectively; (P=0.004)].Conclusion Obese adolescents with insulin resistance have signifcantly higher plasma visfatin levels compared to those without insulin resistance.

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'True' fasting serum insulin level, insulin resistance syndrome and coronary artery disease

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

10.1097/00019501-199711000-00002 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 683-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mostafa Chaour ◽

Pierre Théroux ◽

Brian M. Gilfix ◽

Lucien Campeau ◽

Jacques Lespérance ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Insulin Level ◽

Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽

Serum Insulin Level ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Artery Disease

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Relationship between serum vitamin D and insulin resistance in normal weight and overweight or obese men.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.11.237 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 1810-1814

Author(s):

Sabiha Iqbal ◽

Syed Imran Ali Shah ◽

Mirza Zeeshan Sikandar

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Group Ii

Obesity is a common clinical disorder featuring excessive buildup of body fat. The bioavailability of vitamin D in obese subjects is lowered because of its sequestration in the superfluous fat tissue. Hypovitaminosis D itself is associated with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, which are also linked to obesity. Objectives: To compare and correlate serum vitamin D and insulin resistance in controls and overweight / obese males. Study Design: Cross Sectional, Comparative Study. Setting: The study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Post – Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI) in collaboration with Lahore General Hospital and Central Park Medical College. Period: From 7th June 2018 to 10th Oct 2018. Material and Methods: Eighty male subjects (age range 35-50 years) included in this cross-sectional comparative study were divided into two groups on the basis of BMI; Group I: non-obese (control) BMI < 25 Kg/m2 (n=40) and Group II: overweight / obese males with BMI ˃25 Kg/m2 (n=40). Fasting serum vitamin D (25 hydroxy cholecalciferol; 25-OH D, serum insulin and blood glucose levels were measured. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated from fasting serum glucose levels taken in mmol/l and the fasting serum insulin taken in µIU/ml by using Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR index). Results: Group II had lower serum 25-OH vitamin D levels and higher HOMA-IR index than control group. Significant negative correlation was present between serum vitamin D and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may promote insulin resistance in overweight or obese individuals.

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Reversible insulin resistance helps Bactrian camels survive fasting

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98234-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fucheng Guo ◽

Rendalai Si ◽

Quanyun Li ◽

Le Hai ◽

Li Yi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Signalling ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Fasting Period ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Insulin Tolerance ◽

Insulin Signalling Pathway ◽

Bactrian Camels ◽

Three Stages ◽

Branched Chain

AbstractCamels have hunger tolerance and can adapt to the severe environment of the desert. Through the comparison of insulin signalling pathway genes in different tissues in different eating periods (feeding, fasting and recovery feeding), it was found that IRS1, PIK3CB, PIK3R1 and SLC2A4 expression was significantly downregulated in the fore hump and hind hump during the fasting period. In addition, there was no difference in serum insulin levels among the three stages. However, the serum leptin and adiponectin levels decreased significantly during fasting. Additionally, insulin tolerance tests during the three stages showed that camels were insensitive to insulin during fasting. Further study of the serum metabolites showed that serum branched-chain and aromatic amino acid levels increased during the fasting period. Finally, analysis of microbial diversity in camel faeces at different stages showed that during the fasting period, the proportion of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased, while that of Bacteroides and the butyrate-producing bacterium Roseburia decreased. The results of this study show that fasting is accompanied by changes in the activation of insulin pathways in various camel tissues, normal insulin levels, and increased lipolysis and insulin resistance, which return to normal after eating.

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