Host autophagy is a shared target of virulence factors of Phytophthora infestans and Plasmodium parasite

The effect of experiment date, inoculum concentration and number of passages through potato tissue on virulence spectrum and aggressiveness level of four Phvtophthora infestans isolates was examined in four tests. All these experimental variants significantly influenced the expression of virulence. Isolates chosen for study were characterized initially by complex wirulence and high aggresssiveness. The narro west spectrum of virulence was noted atJune and December in comparison with March and September. The inoculum concentration of 200 sporangia in 1 mm3 influenced stronger frequency of virulence factors, that concentration of 50 sporangia in 1 mm3. The cultures passaged many times showed the wider virulence spectrum than single or double passaged isolates. The double passages of pathogen cultures influenced stronger expression factors of virulence than single one. The significant interaction between experiment dates and number of passages and experiment dales and inoculum concentrations were observed. Higher inoculum concentration and more abundant passages on potato tissues positively affected detection of particular virulence factors, especially v5 and v8. The cultures, both double and many times passaged on potato tuber slices, were significantly more aggressive in comparison with single passaged ones. The isolate MP 425 was the most stable in expression of its virulence and aggressiveness. The P.infestans cultures that lost infectivity on rye agar medium can recover their virulence and aggressiveness expression after double and frequent culturing on potato tissues.

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Caracterización de razas fisiológicas de Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary en lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.)

Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria ◽

10.21930/rcta.vol13_num1_art:235 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

José Luis Zapata P. ◽

Jorge A. Bernal E.

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Virulence Factor ◽

Cyphomandra Betacea ◽

Physiological Races ◽

Solanum Muricatum ◽

Tree Tomato

El tizón del lulo es uno de los problemas más importantes de este cultivo en Colombia, presente en todos los departamentos luleros del país, con una incidencia del 100%. El desconocimiento en la complejidad de las razas fisiológicas dePhytophthora infestans en cultivos de lulo (Solanum quitoense) se evaluaron colectas provenientes de este cultivo, papa (Solanum tuberosum sub especie andigena), tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea), tomate de mesa (Solanum lycopersicum) y pepino de agua o pepino dulce (Solanum muricatum), obtenidas en varios departamentos de Colombia productores de lulo. Los resultados obtenidos sobre la virulencia del patógeno realizada sobre 11 diferenciales de papa (junto con la variedad Tuquerreña), indican para el lulo, la presencia de 15 razas fisiológicas, según nomenclatura octal siendo la más frecuente la 4211 con 23,25% de frecuencia y los factores de virulencia 0, 4, 8 y 11, colectada en los municipios de Urrao y Rionegro seguida de la 2211, 0213, 0231 y 1112 con 4 factores de virulencia y una frecuencia de 2,32% cada una, colectadas en los municipios de Oporapa, Jardín y Santa Rosa de Cabal, respectivamente. Igualmente, se encontró la raza 3223 con los factores de virulencia 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, y 11 procedente de papa, la raza 4421 con los factores 0, 3, 7, 10 y 11 colectada en tomate de mesa y la 4.000 con el factor de virulencia 0, procedente de pepino, lo cual indica que el patógeno procedente de papa, es el más complejo. Characterization of physiological races of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in lulo (Solanum quitoenseLam.) Lulo blight is one of the most important problems of this crop in Colombia, present in all departments of the country that grow it, with an incidence of 100%. Due to the ignorance of the complexity of physiological races of Phytophthora infestans in cultivated lulo (Solanum quitoense), collections were evaluated from potato (Solanum tuberosum sub species andigena), tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea) , tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and water cucumber or sweet cucumber (Solanum muricatum) obtained in various lulo producing departments of Colombia. The results obtained on the virulence of the pathogen on 11 potato differentials (along with the variety Tuquerreña) indicated that for lulo there are 15 physiological races with, according to octal nomenclature, 4211 being the most frequent with 23.25% frequency and virulence factors of 0, 4, 8 and 11, collected in the municipalities of Rionegro and Urrao, followed by 2211, 0213, 0231 and 1112 with four virulence factors and a frequency of 2.32% each, collected in the municipalities Oporapa, Jardín, Jardín and Santa Rosa de Cabal, respectively. Similarly, we found 3223 with virulence factors 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 11 in potato, 4421 with factors 0, 3, 7, 10 and 11 collected from the tomato and 4,000 with virulence factor 0 in cucumber; indicating that the pathogen from potato is the most complex.

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Fitness costs associated with unnecessary virulence factors and life history traits: evolutionary insights from the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans

BMC Evolutionary Biology ◽

10.1186/1471-2148-10-283 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 283 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Josselin Montarry ◽

Frédéric M Hamelin ◽

Isabelle Glais ◽

Roselyneère Corbi ◽

Didier Andrivon

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Potato Late Blight ◽

Fitness Costs ◽

Late Blight Pathogen

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Mining oomycete proteomes for metalloproteases leads to identification of candidate virulence factors in Phytophthora infestans

Molecular Plant Pathology ◽

10.1111/mpp.13043 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Charikleia Schoina ◽

Sander Y. A. Rodenburg ◽

Harold J. G. Meijer ◽

Michael F. Seidl ◽

Lysette T. Lacambra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Virulence Factors

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Analyses of genome architecture and gene expression reveal novel candidate virulence factors in the secretome of Phytophthora infestans

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/1471-2164-11-637 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

Sylvain Raffaele ◽

Joe Win ◽

Liliana M Cano ◽

Sophien Kamoun

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Genome Architecture

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Formation of the phenotypic structure of Phytophthora infestans population in Poland during 1987-2001

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2002.037 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 389-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hanna Zarzycka ◽

Sylwester Sobkowiak ◽

Renata Lebecka ◽

Beata Tatarowska

Keyword(s):

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Mating Type ◽

The Other ◽

Mating Types ◽

Polish Population ◽

Other Hand ◽

Sexual Recombination ◽

Phenotypic Structure ◽

High Level

The formation of phenotypic structure of P.infestans population in Poland was determined by analyzing 1603 isolates collected from 1987 to 2001. The race complexity, low at the beginning of experiment, has been increasing from year to year and reached in 2001 a high level 7,2 virulence factors per isolate. The single and less composed races dominating firstly in the population were replaced gradually by more composed races. The virulence factors 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 11 occurred most frequently, but factors 5 and 8 were noted sporadically. The A2 mating type was detected in 1988 at first and since that time its occurrence has been noted in Polish population each year. The oospores were formed in potato tissues. Race diversity, low at the beginning of the investigation, reached a peak in 1996-2001 . During 1987-1990 weakly and middly aggressive phenotypes dominated in Polish population. In the later period very aggressive isolates were more frequent. Phenotypic race similarity of P.infestans populations in 1987 and 2001 was very low. The race structure of 1987 population was totally different from the race structure of populations of the next years. It was probably due to migration of new pathotypes. On the other hand the variation in complexity, diversity and similarity of races, as well as in aggressiveness observed in later years of investigation can be caused by the presence of both mating types and sexual recombination.

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Persistence of Complex Virulences in Populations of Phytophthora infestans in Western Washington

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2001.91.6.606 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 606-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

M. L. Derie ◽

D. A. Inglis

Keyword(s):

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

High Frequency ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Dna Fingerprint ◽

Sexual Recombination ◽

The Us ◽

Western Washington ◽

Desirable Location ◽

Made In

Isolates of Phytophthora infestans, collected from bittersweet, hairy nightshade, petunia, potato, potato vine, and tomato in western Washington, 1998 to 1999, were evaluated for virulence complexity as well as mating type, metalaxyl insensitivity, allozymes of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase, and DNA fingerprint with the RG57 probe. Results were compared with those from similar collections made in the same region during the 1990s. Generally, virulence complexity was high for most of the isolates regardless of year, genotype, or host. No marked shift in virulence complexity was evident for the populations studied, and unnecessary virulences were maintained. During 1998 and 1999, isolates of the US-8 and US-11 genotypes had 4 or more virulence factors. US-8 isolates averaged 8.2 and 9.3, whereas US-11 isolates averaged 5.4 and 6.3 virulence factors. The frequency of US-8 isolates that were sensitive to metalaxyl ranged from 5% in 1998 to 72% in 1999. All of the US-11 isolates tested in 1998 and 1999 were insensitive to metalaxyl. From 1996 to 1999 on potato, the recovery of US-8 increased, whereas the recovery of US-11 decreased. No evidence of new genotypes or sexual recombination was found. Western Washington was a desirable location for screening germ plasm for durable resistance to late blight due to the high frequency and persistence of complex virulences.

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