The emerging role of small extracellular vesicles in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid as diagnostics for periodontitis

ABSTRACT Interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and Porphyromonas gingivalis-specific immunoglobulin G levels in gingival crevicular fluid were measured in primates immunized with a P. gingivalis vaccine followed by ligature-induced periodontitis. Only PGE2 levels were dramatically suppressed (P < 0.0001) in immunized animals versus controls. A significant correlation (P < 0.027) was also found between PGE2 levels and decreased bone loss scores. This study presents the first evidence of a potential mechanism involved in periodontitis vaccine-induced suppression of bone loss in a nonhuman primate model and offers insight into the role of PGE2 in periodontal destruction.

Download Full-text

Cytokines in crevicular fluid and orthodontic force: a systematic review

Revista Odonto Ciência ◽

10.15448/1980-6523.2017.2.26330 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 104 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susiane Allgayer ◽

Luciane Macedo De Menezes ◽

Mariana Roennau Lemos Rinaldi

Keyword(s):

Tooth Movement ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Reference Tracking ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Synergistic Regulation ◽

Handling Methods ◽

Crevicular Fluid

OBJECTIVE: This paper aimed to analyze studies in the literature addressing the role of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in the orthodontic treatment.METHODS: Several databases were surveyed using both MESH terms and free terms. Additional studies were obtained by reference tracking. This review was registered in PROSPERO, and the procedures foreseen by its statement were followed. Data were obtained from the included studies addressing the orthodontic mechanics, GCF sampling/handling methods, and cytokine measurements. Clinical studies written in English were browsed. Papers were selected by one reviewer and checked by a second investigator.RESULTS: A total of 115 articles were identified, among which 25 were selected for detailed analysis. Common drawbacks consisted mainly of inadequacies in the study design (e.g. short duration and small number of study subjects). The most consistent result was a peak of cytokine levels at 1 d. Associations were observed between prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and pain, velocity of tooth movement, and treatment mechanics. Interleukin-1b and PGE2 showed different patterns of up-regulation, with IL-1β being more responsive to mechanical stress and PGE2 more responsive to synergistic regulation of IL-1β and mechanical force. The results support the use of light continuous forces for orthodontic treatment.CONCLUSION: There was a tendency of maintenance of relatively high IL-1β levels for longer periods with the use of light continuous forces, which might decrease the frequency of activation. These outcomes provide evidence at the cellular level for the utilization of light continuous forces.

Download Full-text

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Calprotectin, Osteocalcin and Cross-Linked N-Terminal Telopeptid Levels in Health and Different Periodontal Diseases

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2011/512580 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 343-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sema Becerik ◽

Beral Afacan ◽

Veli Özgen Öztürk ◽

Harika Atmaca ◽

Gülnur Emingil

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Aggressive Periodontitis ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

First Time

Aim:The aim of the present study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) calprotectin, osteocalcin and cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) levels in health along with different periodontal diseases.Material and methods:Twenty chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 20 gingivitis and 20 healthy subjects were included. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and papillary bleeding index was recorded. GCF calprotectin, osteocalcin and NTx levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:CP, G-AgP and gingivitis groups had higher GCF calprotectin total amount compared to healthy subjects (p< 0.008). CP and G-AgP groups had similar, but higher levels compared to gingivitis groups (p< 0.008). CP and G-AgP groups had lower GCF osteocalcin total amount compared to gingivitis and healthy groups (p< 0.008). CP group had higher GCF NTx but lower osteocalcin total amount and osteocalcin/NTx ratio than the G-AgP group (p< 0.008)Conclusions:Our results suggest that elevated GCF calprotectin levels play a role as a reliable inflammatory marker in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Fluctuating GCF levels of osteocalcin and NTx might point out to the abnormal bone turnover in periodontitis. Our data document for the first time the role of NTx in the pathogenesis of different periodontal diseases.

Download Full-text

GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1256 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 42-46

Author(s):

SM Apoorva ◽

Divya Bhat ◽

Akanksha Garg ◽

A Suchetha ◽

N Sapna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACT Background The literature suggests that periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus share a two-way relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the levels of adrenomedullin (ADM) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontally healthy and periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes with different glycemic controls. Methods Ninety patients were included in the study and were divided into five groups based on CPI scores and ADA classification of diabetes. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured in all the subjects. GCF was collected from all the participants using micropipettes. ADM levels were measured in GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The results showed higher levels of ADM in patients with periodontitis as compared to healthy group. Significant correlation was present between PPD and CAL and ADM levels in all periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Increase in GCF levels of ADM from periodontal health to disease and in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes with the worsening of glycemic control underlines the possible role of ADM in mounting a protective response to worsening disease state. How to cite this article Garg A, Suchetha A, Sapna N, Apoorva SM, Bhat D, Puzhankara L. GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study. World J Dent 2014;5(1):42-46.

Download Full-text