scholarly journals Gingival Crevicular Fluid Calprotectin, Osteocalcin and Cross-Linked N-Terminal Telopeptid Levels in Health and Different Periodontal Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sema Becerik ◽  
Beral Afacan ◽  
Veli Özgen Öztürk ◽  
Harika Atmaca ◽  
Gülnur Emingil
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
First Time

Aim:The aim of the present study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) calprotectin, osteocalcin and cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) levels in health along with different periodontal diseases.Material and methods:Twenty chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 20 gingivitis and 20 healthy subjects were included. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and papillary bleeding index was recorded. GCF calprotectin, osteocalcin and NTx levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:CP, G-AgP and gingivitis groups had higher GCF calprotectin total amount compared to healthy subjects (p< 0.008). CP and G-AgP groups had similar, but higher levels compared to gingivitis groups (p< 0.008). CP and G-AgP groups had lower GCF osteocalcin total amount compared to gingivitis and healthy groups (p< 0.008). CP group had higher GCF NTx but lower osteocalcin total amount and osteocalcin/NTx ratio than the G-AgP group (p< 0.008)Conclusions:Our results suggest that elevated GCF calprotectin levels play a role as a reliable inflammatory marker in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Fluctuating GCF levels of osteocalcin and NTx might point out to the abnormal bone turnover in periodontitis. Our data document for the first time the role of NTx in the pathogenesis of different periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Are Proteinase 3 and Cathepsin C Enzymes Related to Pathogenesis of Periodontitis?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Türkoğlu ◽  
Elif Azarsız ◽  
Gülnur Emingil ◽  
Necil Kütükçüler ◽  
Gül Atilla
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proteinase 3 ◽  
Cathepsin C ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Aim. Cathepsin C is the activator of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived proteinase 3, which contributes to inflammatory processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) proteinase 3 and cathepsin C levels in periodontal diseases.Design. Eighteen patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 20 patients with gingivitis, and 18 healthy subjects were included in the study. Periodontal parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment level, papilla bleeding index, and plaque index were assessed in all study subjects. GCF proteinase 3 and cathepsin C levels were analyzed by ELISA.Results. GCF proteinase 3 total amount was significantly higher in diseased groups compared to control group, after adjusting ageP<0.05. No differences were found in GCF cathepsin C levels among the study groupsP>0.05. Periodontal parameters of sampling sites were positively correlated with GCF proteinase 3 total amountsP<0.01but not with cathepsin C total amountsP>0.05.Conclusions. Elevated levels of GCF proteinase 3 in CP, G-AgP, and gingivitis might suggest that proteinase 3 plays a role during inflammatory periodontal events in host response. However, cathepsin C in GCF does not seem to have an effect on the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals IL-17 and IL-11 GCF Levels in Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis Patients: Relation to PCR Bacterial Detection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfat G. Shaker ◽  
Noha A. Ghallab
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Objectives. This study evaluated IL-17 and IL-11 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) patients in relation to periodontopathic bacteria.Subjects and Methods. GCF samples were collected from 65 subjects including 25 CP, 25 GAgP, and 15 controls (C) and analyzed for IL-17 and IL-11 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular detection of bacteria in the dental plaque was determined by polymerase chain reaction.Results. The total amount of IL-17 was significantly higher in GAgP group than in GCP and C groups(P<0.001). The IL-11 concentration was significantly higher in C and GCP groups than GAgP group(P<0.001). The IL-11/IL-17 ratio was significantly higher in the C group than in GCP and GAgP groups(P<0.05). Moreover, GAgP group showed lower ratios of IL-11/IL-17 when compared to GCP group. The high positivity ofP. gingivalisin the dental plaque was associated with significantly increased GCF levels of IL-17 in GCP and GAgP patients.Conclusions. The increased IL-17 level in GCF of GAgP suggests a potential role in the aetiopathogenesis. Meanwhile, the decreased ratio of IL-11/IL-17 might reflect an imbalance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in different periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of inflammatory peri-implant diseases using an immunochromatographic assay for calprotectin in peri-implant crevicular fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Kido ◽  
Jun-ichi Kido ◽  
Yasufumi Nishikawa ◽  
Eijiro Sakamoto ◽  
Yoritoki Tomotake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The incidence rate of peri-implant diseases is increasing with implant placement. Early detection of peri-implant diseases is important to prevent and treat these diseases, and a simple and objective diagnostic method is expected. Immunochromatographic (IC) assays are used for rapid diagnostic methods for some diseases. The aim of this clinical study was to determine the amount of calprotectin, an inflammatory marker, in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) using an IC chip, and estimate the possibility of this diagnostic system. Methods Forty-six individuals with dental implants participated in a pilot study. PICF samples were collected from the peri-implant sites with or without inflammation after clinical examinations including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI). Calprotectin in PICF was determined by an IC chip and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for calprotectin. The density of calprotectin line on the IC chip was measured using an IC reader (IC reader value). The relationship between IC reader value and ELISA value or clinical parameters was investigated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of IC reader value of calprotectin was performed to predict inflammation in peri-implant diseases. Results IC reader value of calprotectin was significantly correlated with its ELISA value and PD. IC reader values of calprotectin in PICF samples from periodontal sites with GI-1 and GI-2, and with BOP-positive sites were significantly higher than those of PICF samples from GI-0 sites, and BOP-negative sites, respectively. The IC reader value for calprotectin in PICF samples from inflammatory diseased sites was significantly higher than that of non-diseased sites. ROC analysis suggested that the IC reader value of PICF calprotectin was useful for predicting inflammatory peri-implant diseases. Conclusion IC assay for PICF calprotectin may be a possible system for diagnosing the inflammatory peri-implant diseases.

scholarly journals GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
SM Apoorva ◽  
Divya Bhat ◽  
Akanksha Garg ◽  
A Suchetha ◽  
N Sapna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACT Background The literature suggests that periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus share a two-way relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the levels of adrenomedullin (ADM) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontally healthy and periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes with different glycemic controls. Methods Ninety patients were included in the study and were divided into five groups based on CPI scores and ADA classification of diabetes. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured in all the subjects. GCF was collected from all the participants using micropipettes. ADM levels were measured in GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The results showed higher levels of ADM in patients with periodontitis as compared to healthy group. Significant correlation was present between PPD and CAL and ADM levels in all periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Increase in GCF levels of ADM from periodontal health to disease and in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes with the worsening of glycemic control underlines the possible role of ADM in mounting a protective response to worsening disease state. How to cite this article Garg A, Suchetha A, Sapna N, Apoorva SM, Bhat D, Puzhankara L. GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study. World J Dent 2014;5(1):42-46.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Neopterin in Healthy Subjects and in Patients With Different Periodontal Diseases

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1962-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Pradeep ◽  
Magesh S. Kumar ◽  
M.V. Ramachandraprasad ◽  
Chowdhry Shikha
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Levels

scholarly journals Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyad Nazar Majeed ◽  
Koshy Philip ◽  
A. M. Alabsi ◽  
Saravanan Pushparajan ◽  
Dasan Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Precise Method ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background. Several studies in the last decades have focused on finding a precise method for the diagnosis of periodontal disease in its early stages.Aim. To evaluate from current scientific literature the most common and precise method for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sample collection, biomarker analytical methods, and the variability of biomarker quantification, even when using the same analytical technique.Methodology. An electronic search was conducted on in vivo studies that presented clinical data on techniques used for GCF collection and biomarker analysis.Results. The results showed that 71.1%, 24.7%, and 4.1% of the studies used absorption, microcapillary, and washing techniques, respectively, in their gingival crevicular fluid collection. 73.1% of the researchers analyzed their samples by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 22.6%, 19.5%, and 18.5% of the researchers included interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively, in their studies as biomarkers for periodontal disease.Conclusion. IL-1βcan be considered among the most common biomarkers that give precise results and can be used as an indicator of periodontal disease progression. Furthermore, paper strips are the most convenient and accurate method for gingival crevicular fluid collection, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be considered the most conventional method for the diagnosis of biofluids.

Comparative Evaluation of Cytokines in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva of Patients with Aggressive Periodontitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yue ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Chunjiao Xu ◽  
Wings TY Loo ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Objectives This study aims to evaluate and compare cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva of patients with aggressive periodontitis (AP) before and after treatment. Methods Forty AP patients and 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Clinical parameters included probing depth and sulcus bleeding index. GCF and saliva were collected from both groups. The levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α were measured using ELISA. Results The probing depth in AP patients was significantly deeper before treatment than after treatment. The concentrations of cytokines in GCF and saliva were significantly higher in AP patients than in the control group and decreased after periodontal treatment. Positive relationships were found between cytokine levels in GCF and clinical parameters. The reliability of cytokines in GCF and saliva was assessed by Cronbach's alpha analysis, which could be considered satisfactory. Conclusion Cytokine levels in GCF and saliva correlated well with clinical parameters and AP. Measurements of cytokines in saliva may be regarded as a noninvasive and quick method for monitoring periodontal disease activity.

scholarly journals Isolation of Porphyromonas gingivalisand Detection of Immunoglobulin A Specific to Fimbrial Antigen in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 2322-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Condorelli ◽  
Guido Scalia ◽  
Giuditta Calì ◽  
Bruno Rossetti ◽  
Giuseppe Nicoletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

The present study evaluated the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the correlation between the bacterial culture method and the detection of immunoglobulin A (IgA) specific to theP. gingivalis fimbrial antigen in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). P. gingivalis was isolated from 78.3% of subgingival plaque samples obtained from active sites and 34.7% of those from inactive sites of periodontal patients. P. gingivalis was isolated from only 4.7% of healthy subjects (control group). Immunoglobulins specific to the P. gingivalis fimbrial antigen were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall agreement between the results of the P. gingivalis culture method and the results of specific IgA detection in periodontal patients was 71.7% for active sites and 58.7% for inactive sites. IgA specific to P. gingivalis was absent in GCF from all of the sites of healthy subjects. The results suggest that P. gingivalis is associated with the local production of specific IgA. The detection of IgA antibodies specific to P. gingivalis in GCF by ELISA may be used as a predictive parameter to reveal the early phase of the activation of recurrent periodontal infections.

scholarly journals Effect of Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Visfatin Concentration in Periodontal Health and Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Raghavendra ◽  
A.R. Pradeep ◽  
Rahul Kathariya ◽  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Nishanth S. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Group 1

Visfatin is a pleiotropic mediator which acts as growth factor, cytokine, enzyme involved in energy including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and has been recently demonstrated to exert several pro-inflammatory functions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Visfatin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in patients with chronic periodontitis, and to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the GCF and serum visfatin concentration. 30 subjects (age range: 25 to 52 years) were selected and divided into two groups based on the gingival index, probing depth, periodontal attachment level, and radiologic parameters (bone loss): group 1 (15 subjects with healthy periodontium), group 2 (15 subjects with chronic periodontitis), while, Group 2 patients after 8 weeks of the treatment (scaling and root planning, SRP) constituted group 3. GCF samples (by microcapillary pipettes) and serum samples (by venipuncture) were collected to estimate the levels of Visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. The mean Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum was observed to be the highest in group 2 and lowest in group 1. While concentration in group 3 was similar to group 1. The concentration of Visfatin in GCF and serum decreased after SRP. The Visfatin concentration in GCF and serum found to be highest in chronic periodontitis group and decreases after treatment. Hence Visfatin values can be considered as an “inflammatory marker” can be explored in future as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of periodontal disease.

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