Kinetics of hepatitis B surface antigen quasispecies during REP 2139‐Ca therapy in HBeAg‐positive chronic HBV infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1454-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Usman ◽  
Hrvoje Mijočević ◽  
Hadi Karimzadeh ◽  
Martin Däumer ◽  
Mamun Al‐Mathab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Kinetics Of

Immune modulator and antiviral potential of dendritic cells pulsed with both hepatitis B surface antigen and core antigen for treating chronic HBV infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar ◽  
Osamu Yoshida ◽  
Shiyi Chen ◽  
Aguilar Julio Cesar ◽  
Masanori Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Immune Modulator ◽  
Chronic Hbv

scholarly journals Hepatitis B seroprevalence in the U.S. military and its impact on potential screening strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (9-10) ◽  
pp. e1654-e1661
Author(s):  
Paul T Scott ◽  
Robert L Cohen ◽  
David M Brett-Major ◽  
Shilpa Hakre ◽  
Jennifer A Malia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Abstract Introduction Knowledge of the contemporary epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among military personnel can inform potential Department of Defense (DoD) screening policy and infection and disease control strategies. Materials and Methods HBV infection status at accession and following deployment was determined by evaluating reposed serum from 10,000 service members recently deployed to combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan in the period from 2007 to 2010. A cost model was developed from the perspective of the Department of Defense for a program to integrate HBV infection screening of applicants for military service into the existing screening program of screening new accessions for vaccine-preventable infections. Results The prevalence of chronic HBV infection at accession was 2.3/1,000 (95% CI: 1.4, 3.2); most cases (16/21, 76%) identified after deployment were present at accession. There were 110 military service-related HBV infections identified. Screening accessions who are identified as HBV susceptible with HBV surface antigen followed by HBV surface antigen neutralization for confirmation offered no cost advantage over not screening and resulted in a net annual increase in cost of $5.78 million. However, screening would exclude as many as 514 HBV cases each year from accession. Conclusions Screening for HBV infection at service entry would potentially reduce chronic HBV infection in the force, decrease the threat of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection in the battlefield blood supply, and lead to earlier diagnosis and linkage to care; however, applicant screening is not cost saving. Service-related incident infections indicate a durable threat, the need for improved laboratory-based surveillance tools, and mandate review of immunization policy and practice.

scholarly journals Transaminase Elevations during Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Safety Considerations and Role in Achieving Functional Cure

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Andrew Vaillant
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Functional Cure ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
New Therapies ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Safety Considerations

While current therapies for chronic HBV infection work well to control viremia and stop the progression of liver disease, the preferred outcome of therapy is the restoration of immune control of HBV infection, allowing therapy to be removed while maintaining effective suppression of infection and reversal of liver damage. This “functional cure” of chronic HBV infection is characterized by the absence of detectable viremia (HBV DNA) and antigenemia (HBsAg) and normal liver function and is the goal of new therapies in development. Functional cure requires removal of the ability of infected cells in the liver to produce the hepatitis B surface antigen. The increased observation of transaminase elevations with new therapies makes understanding the safety and therapeutic impact of these flares an increasingly important issue. This review examines the factors driving the appearance of transaminase elevations during therapy of chronic HBV infection and the interplay of these factors in assessing the safety and beneficial nature of these flares.

China Registry of Hepatitis B (CR-HepB): Protocol and implementation of a nationwide hospital-based registry of hepatitis B

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Shan ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Yuanyuan Kong ◽  
Junqi Niu ◽  
Jia Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Real World ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Treatment Information ◽  
Radiology Reports ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Aims: The disease burden of chronic HBV infection in China remains high, although the rate of new infections has become extremely low. To facilitate real-world clinical study of chronic HBV infection, we established a nationwide hospital-based electronic platform, named the China Registry of Hepatitis B (CR-HepB). Methods: This internet-based registry for chronic hepatitis B recruited patients from tertiary or secondary hospitals that have particular interest and expertise in managing hepatitis B patients. The main inclusion criteria for the database were men or women with hepatitis B surface antigen positivity ≥ 6 months, hepatitis B e antigen positive or negative, with or without cirrhosis, and with or without treatment. At the first time of data entry, demographics, medical history, virology, biochemistry, hematology and radiology reports, as well as diagnosis and treatment information, are recorded. Registered patients then receive a standard of care and follow-up every three (optional) to six months (required) for changes in virology, biochemistry and radiology, as well as clinical progression. Results and Conclusions: To date, 47 hospitals have joined the CR-HepB. This platform can be used to demonstrate the clinical pattern and treatment profile of chronic HBV infection, evaluate long-term efficacy and safety of antiviral therapy and provide real-world evidence for policy-making in China. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03108794

scholarly journals Cango Lyec (Healing the Elephant): Chronic Hepatitis B Virus among post-conflict affected populations living in mid-Northern Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251573
Author(s):  
Samuel S. Malamba ◽  
Herbert Muyinda ◽  
D. Martin Ogwang ◽  
Achilles Katamba ◽  
David S. Zamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Background The legacy of war in Northern Uganda continues to impact people’s health and wellbeing in the Acholi region. Despite increasing attention to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Uganda and globally, concerns remain that unique drivers of infection, and barriers to screening, and treatment, persist among those affected by conflict. Methods Cango Lyec (Healing the Elephant) cohort survey involved conflict-affected adults aged 13–49 in three mid-Northern Uganda districts (Gulu, Amuru and Nwoya). Baseline (2011–2012) samples were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV e-antigen (HBeAg), antibodies to HBV surface antigen (HBsAb), antibodies to HBV e-antigen (HBeAb), and antibodies to HBV core antigen (HBcAb). All HBsAg positive samples were tested for IgM antibodies to HBV B core antigen (HBc-IgM) and where available, >6-month follow-up samples were tested for HBeAg and HBV DNA. Data were analyzed using STATA 15 software. Logistic regression accounted for variance due to complex two-stage sampling that included stratification, unequal selection probabilities and community clustering. Odds ratios measured effect potential risk factors associated with chronic HBV infection. Results Among 2,421 participants, 45.7% were still susceptible to HBV infection. HBsAg seropositivity was 11.9% (10.9–13.0), chronic HBV was 11.6% (10.4–12.8), acquired immunity resulting from vaccination was 10.9%, and prior natural infection was 31.5%. Older age (OR:0.570; 95%CI:0.368–0.883) and higher education (OR:0.598; 95%CI:0.412–0.868) were associated with reduced odds of chronic HBV infection. Being male (OR:1.639; 95%CI:1.007–2.669) and having been abducted (OR:1.461; 95%CI:1.055–2.023) were associated with increased odds of infection. Among women, having 1 or 2 pregnancies (compared to none or >2) was associated with increased odds of infection (OR:1.764; 95%CI:1.009–3.084). Conclusion Chronic HBV is endemic in Gulu, Amuru and Nwoya districts. Recommended strategies to reduce post-conflict prevalence include establishment of Northern Uganda Liver Wellness Centres, integration of screening and treatment into antenatal care, and roll out of birth-dose vaccination.

scholarly journals Clinical Diagnostic Value of Quantitative Hepatitis B Virus Core Antibody Test in Chronic Viral Hepatitis B

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xi Su ◽  
Huangping Chen ◽  
Zifei Zhu ◽  
Wanying Xie ◽  
Jianqiao Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv

The level of CHB virus (HBV) core antibody (HBcAb) is different in four stages of chronic HBV infection and may be used for differential diagnosis of the natural history of chronic HBV infection. To address this question, we examined multiple blood biomarkers and assessed the efficacy to diagnose different stages of chronic HBV infection. The quantitative detection of HBcAb, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV DNA, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and platelet count (PLT) were determined in the serum of 73 cases of low-replicative phase (LR), 46 cases of immune-tolerant phase (IT), 44 cases of immune clearance phase (IC), and 57 cases of HBeAg-negative hepatitis (ENH). Differentiating performance of these serum protein levels was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Our results showed that the levels of HBcAb, ALT, and AST levels were significantly higher in IC and ENH than those in LR and IT (both P ≤ 0.001 ). The levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg were higher in IC and IT than those in LR and ENH (both P ≤ 0.001 ). Logistic regression models showed that HBcAb, HBsAg, HBV DNA, ALT, and AST were the independent variables, respectively, and when combined, they provided high diagnostic accuracy for the staging of CHB. To sum up, HBcAb quantification is a new index, which can reflect whether the liver is in the immune activation state of HBV infection, and is related to the inflammatory state of the host liver. The combined detection of HBcAb quantification and other indicators has showed promising efficiency for staging of IC and ENH and can assist the diagnosis and treatment of CHB.

scholarly journals Quantitative HBsAg versus HBV DNA in Predicting Significant Hepatitis Activity of HBeAg-Positive Chronic HBV Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5617
Author(s):  
Zhanqing Zhang ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Dong Zeng ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Weijia Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Hbv Replication ◽  
Regression Curves ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Positive Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Hbv

(1) Background: As specialparameters in predicting significant hepatitis activity of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the quantitative standard of HBV DNA has not been agreed and that of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) has not been formed. Our objective is to evaluate the validity of HBsAg and HBV DNA in predicting the significant hepatitis activity of HBeAg-positive patients. (2) Methods: A population of 516 patients with HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection was enrolled. Serum ALT was measured using an Abbott Architect c16000 autoanalyzer; diagnoses of liver pathological grade and stage referred to the Scheuer standard. Three levels of significant hepatitis activity were preset, which were successively “ALT ≥ 20 IU/L or Grade > G1 or Stage > S1”, “ALT ≥ 30 IU/L or Grade > G1 or Stage > S1” and “ALT ≥ 40 IU/L or Grade > G1 or Stage > S1”. (3) Results: A subpopulation of 288 patients with possible high HBV replication was selected based on locally weighted scatterplot smoothing regression curves between ALT and HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA. In the subpopulation with possible high HBV replication, areas under receiver operating characteristic curves of HBsAg for predicting the three levels of significant hepatitis activity were successively 0.868, 0.839 and 0.789, which were all significantly greater than those of HBV DNA, as those were successively 0.553, 0.550 and 0.574 (p = 0.0002, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001). With the standard of HBsAg ≤ 4.699 log10 IU/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of HBsAg for predicting the three levels of significant hepatitis activity were successively 75.81% and 81.82%, 79.23% and 78.57% and 80.82% and 67.44%. (4) Conclusion: Quantitative HBsAg instead of HBV DNA is valuable in predicting significant hepatitis activity of HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection.

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