scholarly journals Evidence for local‐scale community assembly processes from long‐term observations of biodiversity in a grassland chronosequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. McKone ◽  
Evelyn W. Williams ◽  
Jared J. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Local Scale

Applying the FEW nexus concept at the local scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry P. Huntington ◽  
Jennifer Schmidt ◽  
Philip A. Loring ◽  
Erin Whitney ◽  
Srijan Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Food Energy ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Rural Alaska ◽  
Domain Interactions ◽  
The Cross

The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus describes interactions among domains that yield gains or tradeoffs when analyzed together rather than independently. In a project about renewable energy in rural Alaska communities, we applied this concept to examine the implications for sustainability and resilience. The FEW nexus provided a useful framework for identifying the cross-domain benefits of renewable energy, including gains in FEW security. However, other factors such as transportation and governance also play a major role in determining FEW security outcomes in rural Alaska. Here we show the implications of our findings for theory and practice. The precise configurations of and relationships among FEW nexus components vary by place and time, and the range of factors involved further complicates the ability to develop a functional, systematic FEW model. Instead, we suggest how the FEW nexus may be applied conceptually to identify and understand cross-domain interactions that contribute to long-term sustainability and resilience.

High Stands of Holocene Sea Levels in the Northwest Pacific

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo A. Pirazzoli
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago

Evidence of Holocene sea levels higher than the present level have often been reported from the Northwest Pacific. Eustatic interpretations have been propounded, but age and level of the maximum transgression vary with each new analysis. In this investigation, after an inventory of approximately 250 items of data, some of which are new, a tentative synthesis transcending local scale is advanced. The highest levels are reported from Taiwan, where they often reach several tens of meters in altitude. In the Ryûkyûs and in the main islands of the Japanese Archipelago, evidence of recent emergence is found along most of the coasts. Elevation increases towards the oceanic trenches, but former sea levels at above 6 m and even higher may also be recognized along the coasts of the Sea of Japan. In a few areas, such as in the Niigata Plain, marks of Holocene sea levels higher than at present are lacking. On the other hand, in other basins regarded as subsiding, such as those in the Nôbi and the Kantô plains, evidence of recent emergence is quite frequent. In many places, marks of several sea levels indicate that a step-by-step uplift has occurred. All the investigated insular arcs, therefore, seem to be situated in epeirogenic areas formed by several more or less large blocks affected by relative movements. The blocks are larger in the Outer Zone of Southwestern Japan; in the Inner Zone, an intricate network of fault lines marks the boundaries of many smaller independent blocks. During great earthquakes, relative movements of uplift, subsidence, tilting, or undulation occur in one or several blocks, depending on the position of the epicentres. Subsidence, however, must often be simply of a temporary nature, because a long-term uplift trend seems to prevail in most regions, even if it occurs at different rates. This interpretation may explain the cause of the great variety of ages and elevations of the former sea levels (with the oldest ages corresponding to the highest elevations) and the great number of indicators of step-by-step sea-level change. The inference, drawn by several authors, that the Holocene sea level in the Northwest Pacific was higher than at present, is, therefore, reasonable on a local scale, but does not define an eustatic sea level.

Generating long-term high-resolution land-use change datasets for regional climate modeling in CORDEX domains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hoffmann ◽  
Diana Rechid ◽  
Vanessa Reinhart ◽  
Christina Asmus ◽  
Edouard L. Davin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Modeling ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Modeling Studies

<p>Land-use and land cover (LULC) are continuously changing due to environmental changes and anthropogenic activities. Many observational and modeling studies show that LULC changes are important drivers altering land surface feedbacks and land-atmosphere exchange processes that have substantial impact on climate on the regional and local scale. Yet, most long-term regional climate modeling studies do not account for these changes. Therefore, within the WCRP CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study LUCAS (Land Use Change Across Scales) a new workflow was developed to generate high-resolution annual land cover change time series based on past reconstructions and future projections. First, the high-resolution global land cover dataset ESA-CCI LC (~300 m resolution) is aggregated and converted to a 0.1° resolution, fractional plant functional type (PFT) dataset. Second, the land use change information from the land-use harmonized dataset (LUH2), provided at 0.25° resolution as input for CMIP6 experiments, is translated into PFT changes employing a newly developed land use translator (LUT). The new LUT was first applied to the EURO-CORDEX domain. The resulting LULC maps for past and future - the LUCAS LUC dataset - can be applied as land use forcing to the next generation RCM simulations for downscaling CMIP6 by the EURO-CORDEX community and in the framework of FPS LUCAS. The dataset includes land cover and land management practices changes important for the regional and local scale such as urbanization and irrigation. The LUCAS LUC workflow is applied to further CORDEX domains, such as Australasia and North America. The resulting past and future land cover changes will be presented, and challenges regarding the application of the new workflow to different regions will be addressed. In addition, issues related to the implementation of the dataset into different RCMs will be discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Metal-induced bacterial interactions promote diversity in river-sediment microbiomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Cyriaque ◽  
Augustin Géron ◽  
Gabriel Billon ◽  
Joseph Nesme ◽  
Johannes Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Contamination Event ◽  
Microbial Community Assembly

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic metal contamination results in long-term environmental selective pressure with unclear impacts on bacterial communities, which comprise key players in ecosystem functioning. Since metal contamination poses serious toxicity and bioaccumulation issues, assessing their impact on environmental microbiomes is important to respond to current environmental and health issues. Despite elevated metal concentrations, the river sedimentary microbiome near the MetalEurop foundry (France) shows unexpected higher diversity compared with the upstream control site. In this work, a follow-up of the microbial community assembly during a metal contamination event was performed in microcosms with periodic renewal of the supernatant river water. Sediments of the control site were gradually exposed to a mixture of metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in order to reach similar concentrations to MetalEurop sediments. Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was performed. Metal-resistant genes, czcA and pbrA, as well as IncP plasmid content, were assessed by quantitative PCR. The outcomes of this study support previous in situ observations showing that metals act as community assembly managers, increasing diversity. This work revealed progressive adaptation of the sediment microbiome through the selection of different metal-resistant mechanisms and cross-species interactions involving public good-providing bacteria co-occurring with the rest of the community.

scholarly journals Historical land use has long-term effects on microbial community assembly processes in forest soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. Osburn ◽  
Frank O. Aylward ◽  
J. E. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Historical Land Use ◽  
Microbial Community Assembly

AbstractLand use change has long-term effects on the structure of soil microbial communities, but the specific community assembly processes underlying these effects have not been identified. To investigate effects of historical land use on microbial community assembly, we sampled soils from several currently forested watersheds representing different historical land management regimes (e.g., undisturbed reference, logged, converted to agriculture). We characterized bacterial and fungal communities using amplicon sequencing and used a null model approach to quantify the relative importance of selection, dispersal, and drift processes on bacterial and fungal community assembly. We found that bacterial communities were structured by both selection and neutral (i.e., dispersal and drift) processes, while fungal communities were structured primarily by neutral processes. For both bacterial and fungal communities, selection was more important in historically disturbed soils compared with adjacent undisturbed sites, while dispersal processes were more important in undisturbed soils. Variation partitioning identified the drivers of selection to be changes in vegetation communities and soil properties (i.e., soil N availability) that occur following forest disturbance. Overall, this study casts new light on the effects of historical land use on soil microbial communities by identifying specific environmental factors that drive changes in community assembly.

scholarly journals Spatial Coherence of Monsoon Onset over Western and Central Sahel (1950–2000)

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1313-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Marteau ◽  
Vincent Moron ◽  
Nathalie Philippon
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Monsoon Onset ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Dry Spell

Abstract The spatial coherence of boreal monsoon onset over the western and central Sahel (Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso) is studied through the analysis of daily rainfall data for 103 stations from 1950 to 2000. Onset date is defined using a local agronomic definition, that is, the first wet day (>1 mm) of 1 or 2 consecutive days receiving at least 20 mm without a 7-day dry spell receiving less than 5 mm in the following 20 days. Changing either the length or the amplitude of the initial wet spell, or both, or the length of the following dry spell modifies the long-term mean of local-scale onset date but has only a weak impact either on its interannual variability or its spatial coherence. Onset date exhibits a seasonal progression from southern Burkina Faso (mid-May) to northwestern Senegal and Saharian edges (early August). Interannual variability of the local-scale onset date does not seem to be strongly spatially coherent. The amount of common or covariant signal across the stations is far weaker than the interstation noise at the interannual time scale. In particular, a systematic spatially consistent advance or delay of the onset is hardly observed across the whole western and central Sahel. In consequence, the seasonal predictability of local-scale onset over the western and central Sahel associated, for example, with large-scale sea surface temperatures, is, at best, weak.

scholarly journals Localized Surveillance: A Fresh Perspective for Regional Syndromic Surveillance

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansi Agarwal ◽  
Nimi Idaikkadar ◽  
José Lojo ◽  
Kristen Soto ◽  
Robert Mathes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Fresh Perspective

This roundtable will discuss successful syndromic surveillance data sharing efforts that have been used on a local scale for faster, more efficient, and long-term collaboration between neighboring public health jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Valoración participativa de servicios ecosistémicos en Laguna de Nuxco, Guerrero

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-110
Author(s):  
Sandy A. Medina-Valdivia ◽  
Carmen Maganda-Ramírez ◽  
R. Carlos Almazán-Núñez ◽  
América L. Rodríguez-Herrera ◽  
Columba Rodríguez-Alviso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
De Se ◽  
Patrimoine Culturel

English Abstract: How do societies value and interact with ecosystem services (ES) to favor their long-term conservation? Under the premise that sociocultural assessment of ES offers an expanded perspective for potential societal nature contributions, we present here the empirical results of a participative assessment of ES in the Laguna de Nuxco coastal wetland in 2019. The methodological design includes the combination of applied qualitative tools on site and quantitative methods for analysis of information. The results emphasize that the ES of the wetland support socioeconomic needs and important socio-cultural community traits, such as cultural heritage and identity as fishing communities. We identify emerging socio-ecological conflicts that promote the decrease of ES. We suggest conceptual and methodological adaptations for the participative assessment of ES on the local scaleSpanish Abstract: ¿Cómo las sociedades valoran e interactúan con los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) que les rodean para favorecer su conservación a largo plazo? Bajo la premisa que la valoración sociocultural de SE ofrece una perspectiva ampliada para potenciales contribuciones sociedad-naturaleza, presentamos aquí los resultados empíricos de una valoración participativa de SE del humedal costero Laguna de Nuxco en 2019. El diseño metodológico incluyó la combinación de herramientas cualitativas aplicadas en sitio y cuantitativas para el análisis de información. Los resultados enfatizan que los SE del humedal sustentan necesidades socioeconómicas e importantes aspectos socioculturales como patrimonio cultural e identidad como comunidades pesqueras. Identificamos conflictos socioecológicos emergentes que promueven la disminución de SE. Sugerimos adecuaciones conceptuales y metodológicas para la valoración participativa de SE en la escala local.French Abstract: Comment les sociétés valorisent-elles et interagissent-elles avec les services écosystémiques (SE) pour favoriser leur conservation à long terme? Le principe de l’évaluation socioculturelle des SE off re une perspective élargie des contributions potentielles société-nature, et est utilisé pour présenter les résultats empiriques d’une évaluation participative des SE réalisée en 2019 dans la zone humide côtière de Laguna de Nuxco, au Mexique. La méthodologie comprenait la combinaison d’outils qualitatifs sur site et d’outils quantitatifs pour l’analyse de l’information. Les résultats soulignent que les SE de la zone humide répondent aux besoins socio-économiques et à des aspects socioculturels tels que le patrimoine culturel et l’identité en tant que communautés de pêcheurs. Nous identifions les conflits socio-écologiques émergents qui favorisent la diminution des SE. Nous suggérons des adaptations conceptuelles et méthodologiques pour l’évaluation participative des SE à l’échelle locale.

scholarly journals URBAN GROWTH AND THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF A CHANGING REGION: AN INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca SALVATI
Keyword(s):  
Local Scale ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
Density Growth ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
Shape Complexity

The present study assesses changes (1949-2008) in the structure of a Mediterranean urban area (Rome, Italy) in three phases (compact growth, medium-density growth, low-density growth) of its recent expansion which reflect different economic contexts at the local scale. Using a quantitative approach based on land-use indicators and landscape metrics, distribution and fragmentation of built-up areas were analyzed from high-resolution and diachronic digital maps covering the investigated area (1,500 km2). The analysis of the (changing) urban structure during the study period allows for an indirect evaluation of planning impact on Rome's expansion. City's morphology changed rapidly due to urbanization. While in the first examined phase (1949-1974) metrics indicated compactness and densification trends, the fractal dimension of urban settlements increased in the subsequent period together with patch fragmentation, dispersion and shape complexity. The study identified the indicators better characterizing Rome's expansion as a contribution to the understanding of long-term urban dynamics in the Mediterranean region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document