Biological response of protists Haematococcus lacustris and Euglena gracilis to conductive polymer poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate

ABSTRACTPrinting of functional materials requires reliable deposition processes. This work describes the development of printing processes for selected functional materials utilizing industrial-type inkjet printheads. A well-controlled printing process with fluids containing the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is presented, allowing linear printing speeds of up to 0.35 m/s in single-pass, and smallest line width of approximately 40 μm when printing 7 pL drop volumes. In addition reliable processes for producing ZnO-based films, which enable novel applications for electronic and UV-sensitive devices, and for printing of conductive carbon nanotube layers are shown.

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PEDOT:PSS/PDMS-Coated Cotton Fabric for Strain and Moisture Sensors

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2021068001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Granch Berhe Tseghai ◽

Benny Malengier ◽

Kinde Anlay Fante ◽

Lieva Van Langenhove

Keyword(s):

Cotton Fabric ◽

Polyethylene Oxide ◽

Surface Resistance ◽

Conductive Polymer ◽

Strain Sensor ◽

Polystyrene Sulfonate ◽

Moisture Sensor ◽

Coated Fabric ◽

Textile Fabric ◽

Coated Cotton

In this work, we have successfully developed a flexible, lightweight, and washable strain and moisture sensor textile fabric by printing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate/polydimethylsiloxane-b-polyethylene oxide (PEDOT:PSS/PDMS) conductive polymer composite on knitted cotton fabric. A 60.2 kΩ/sq surface resistance has been obtained at a 30% ratio of PDMS to PEDOT:PSS at 0.012 g/cm2 solid add-on. The coated fabric was washed at 30 °C for 30 min in the presence of a standard detergent. It was observed that there was a 5.3% increase in surface resistance, i.e., 63.4 kΩ/sq. After coating, the fabric could still be stretched up to the infliction elongation of the fabric, i.e., 40%, with a significant change in surface resistance that makes it usable as a strain sensor. In addition, the conductive fabric showed a drop in surface resistance with an increase of the moisture regain up to 150%.

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Flexible Conductive Polymer Film Grafted with Azo-Moieties and Patterned by Light Illumination with Anisotropic Conductivity

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11111856 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1856 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yevgeniya Kalachyova ◽

Olga Guselnikova ◽

Vladimir Hnatowicz ◽

Pavel Postnikov ◽

Vaclav Švorčík ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conductive Polymer ◽

Film Surface ◽

Electric Properties ◽

Light Illumination ◽

Polystyrene Sulfonate ◽

Anisotropic Conductivity ◽

Linear Pattern ◽

Lithographic Mask ◽

The Creation ◽

Local Illumination

In this work, we present the method for the creation of an anisotropic electric pattern on thin poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) films through PSS grafting by azo-containing moieties followed by light-induced polymers redistribution. Thin PEDOT:PSS films were deposited on the flexible and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLLA) substrates. The light-sensitive azo-groups were grafted to PSS using the diazonium chemistry followed by annealing in methanol. Local illumination of azo-grafted PEDOT:PSS films through the lithographic mask led to the conversion of azo-moieties in Z-configuration and further creation of the lateral gradient of azo-isomers along the film surface. The concentration gradient led to the migration of PSS away from the illuminated area, increasing the PEDOT chains’ concentration and the corresponding increase of local electrical conductivity in the illuminated place. Utilization of mask with linear pattern results in the appearance of conductive PEDOT-rich and non-conductive PSS-rich lines on the film surface, and final, lateral anisotropy of electric properties. Our work gives an optical lithography-based alternative to common methods for the creation of anisotropic electric properties, based on the spatial confinement of conductive polymer structures or their mechanical strains.

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Organization of the Pellicle and the Muciferous Glands in Euglena Gracilis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067510 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 104-105

Author(s):

Hilton H. Mollenhauer ◽

W. Evans

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Euglena Gracilis ◽

Complex Forms ◽

Secondary Periodicity

The pellicular structure of Euglena gracilis consists of a series of relatively rigid strips (Fig. 1) composed of ridges and grooves which are helically oriented along the cell and which fuse together into a common junction at either end of the cell. The strips are predominantly protein and consist in part of a series of fibers about 50 Å in diameter spaced about 85 Å apart and with a secondary periodicity of about 450 Å. Microtubules are also present below each strip (Fig. 1) and are often considered as part of the pellicular complex. In addition, there may be another fibrous component near the base of the pellicle which has not yet been very well defined.The pellicular complex lies underneath the plasma membrane and entirely within the cell (Fig. 1). Each strip of the complex forms an overlapping junction with the adjacent strip along one side of each groove (Fig. 1), in such a way that a certain amount of sideways movement is possible between one strip and the next.

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Immunocytochemical studies on the behavior of RuBisCO and LHCP II during the cell cycle of synchronized Euglena gracilis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160868 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 662-663

Author(s):

Tetsuaki Osafune ◽

Shuji Sumida ◽

Tomoko Ehara ◽

Eiji Hase ◽

Jerome A. Schiff

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽

Growth Phase ◽

Euglena Gracilis ◽

Dark Period ◽

Light Period ◽

Carboxylase Activity ◽

Immunocytochemical Studies ◽

Lhcp Ii

Changes in the morphology of pyrenoid and the distribution of RuBisCO in the chloroplast of Euglena gracilis were followed by immunoelectron microscopy during the cell cycle in a light (14 h)- dark (10 h) synchronized culture under photoautotrophic conditions. The imrnunoreactive proteins wereconcentrated in the pyrenoid, and less densely distributed in the stroma during the light period (growth phase, Fig. 1-2), but the pyrenoid disappeared during the dark period (division phase), and RuBisCO was dispersed throughout the stroma. Toward the end of the division phase, the pyrenoid began to form in the center of the stroma, and RuBisCO is again concentrated in that pyrenoid region. From a comparison of photosynthetic CO2-fixation with the total carboxylase activity of RuBisCO extracted from Euglena cells in the growth phase, it is suggested that the carboxylase in the pyrenoid functions in CO2-fixation in photosynthesis.

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Three-dimensional distribution of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygemase during the early development of proplastids in dark-grown Euglena cells transferred to an inorganic medium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100162090 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 906-907

Author(s):

Tomoko Ehara ◽

Shuji Sumida ◽

Tetsuaki Osafune ◽

Eiji Hase

Keyword(s):

Cell Suspension ◽

Euglena Gracilis ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Peripheral Region ◽

Plastid Development ◽

Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽

Inorganic Medium ◽

Ribulose 1 ◽

Dimensional Distribution

As shown previously, Euglena cells grown in Hutner’s medium in the dark without agitation accumulate wax as well as paramylum, and contain proplastids showing no internal structure except for a single prothylakoid existing close to the envelope. When the cells are transferred to an inorganic medium containing ammonium salt and the cell suspension is aerated in the dark, the wax was oxidatively metabolized, providing carbon materials and energy 23 for some dark processes of plastid development. Under these conditions, pyrenoid-like structures (called “pro-pyrenoids”) are formed at the sites adjacent to the prolamel larbodies (PLB) localized in the peripheral region of the proplastid. The single prothylakoid becomes paired with a newly formed prothylakoid, and a part of the paired prothylakoids is extended, with foldings, in to the “propyrenoid”. In this study, we observed a concentration of RuBisCO in the “propyrenoid” of Euglena gracilis strain Z using immunoelectron microscopy.

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Design and fabrication of conductive polymer hydrogels and their applications in flexible supercapacitors

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d0ta07468c ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (44) ◽

pp. 23059-23095 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xinting Han ◽

Guangchun Xiao ◽

Yuchen Wang ◽

Xiaona Chen ◽

Gaigai Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conductive Polymer ◽

Polymer Hydrogels ◽

Conductive Materials ◽

Flexible Supercapacitors

Conductive polymer hydrogels, which combine the advantages of both polymers and conductive materials, have huge potential in flexible supercapacitors.

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