scholarly journals Islamic Normative Principles Underlying Fatwas on Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Al‐Azhar Fatwa on Artificial Insemination 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-533
Author(s):  
Ayman Shabana
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies

174 What Quality and Fertility Should We Expect When Using Semen Cryopreservation and AI with Livestock? a Comparison Across Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
Phillip H Purdy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Semen Cryopreservation ◽  
Agricultural Species

Abstract Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) can be used across most agricultural species and will result in some degree of fertility when employed correctly. Still, conversations with agricultural producers and scientists (corporate, academic, governmental) repeatedly reveal that they do not know what success rates they should anticipate when using some ARTs, specifically semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination, with agricultural species (beef and dairy cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, sheep). These perceptions hinder ART application within the agricultural and scientific communities. Understanding these expected results is a critical component that is used to guide the USDA National Animal Germplasm Program laboratory operations for collecting, freezing and using germ plasm (semen, eggs, embryos, DNA, tissues, organs, cells), has consequently resulted in growth of the national collection, and provided tools, technologies, and educational opportunities for agricultural producers with documented success. Therefore, the intent of this presentation is to provide an overview of what results should be expected when using semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination across livestock species, explain the factors that influence successful use of these ARTs, which should encourage a more broad acceptance of their use with all agricultural species, and discuss opportunities for research and optimization that will improve fertility when using these technologies.

scholarly journals IMPORTANCE OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONSERVATION OF WILD, RARE OR INDIGENOUS UNGULATES: REVIEW ARTICLE

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cseh ◽  
László Solti
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Assisted Hatching ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Embryo Recovery

Biodiversity is increasingly threatened by intensive agriculture, environmental pollution, extinction of natural habitats and several other factors. Several mammalian species including ungulates have disappeared or are threatened by extinction. However, ungulates play an important role both in the ecosystem and in the economy. In general, species or breeds are considered endangered if their population does not exceed 1,000 individuals. In these cases conservation programmes should be initiated in order to maintain or even increase their number. This review deals with the possibilities and limitations of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the conservation of ecologically valuable wild, rare and indigenous ungulates. The methods discussed here are artificial insemination, cryopreservation of semen and embryos, embryo recovery and transfer,in vitroproduction of embryos, as well as micromanipulation techniques including sperm injection, assisted hatching and cloning. Some of these procedures are already being exploited in the breeding of farm ungulates, but more basic information about the reproductive patterns of wild, rare and indigenous animal species is needed before the routine use of ARTs.

scholarly journals From experiments with artificial insemination of rabbits to assisted reproductive technologies

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
V. S. Korsak
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies

The contribution of the Ott institute collaborators in formation and development of auxiliary reproduction technologies is elucidated in this article.

Therapeutic insemination by donor I: A review of its efficacy

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K Critser ◽  
Jeanne V Linden
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Of all the assisted reproductive technologies in current use, artificial insemination has by far the longest history. While the earliest verifiable reports using this technique date to the eighteenth century for nonhuman artificial insemination and to the nineteenth century for human artificial insemination, systematic use of this approach to assist reproduction did not occur until the early part of this century. During the early 1900s, in Russia, Ivanov developed methods for semen collection from and insemination of horses. These techniques were later modified to apply to other agriculturally important species so that by the 1930s, millions of horses, cattle and sheep were being bred using artificial insemination. The adaptation of widespread use of artificial insemination (primarily in cattle) in agriculture extended to Britain in the early 1940s and to the USA in the 1950s. Corresponding implementation of artificial insemination in human reproductive medicine closely followed these innovations in the animal husbandry field.

scholarly journals Assisted Reproductive Technologies as Veritable Tools for Improving Production Efficiencies of N’dama and Muturu Cattle Breeds in Nigeria-A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Nwoga ◽  
Nnanna Ikeh ◽  
Matthew Onodugo ◽  
Paul Baiyeri ◽  
Ndubuisi Machebe
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Multiple Ovulation

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) that have come to stay and are still being improved upon in developed countries are still in their infancy stage in developing countries like Nigeria. Nigeria’s cattle population is estimated to be around 18.4 million. The number is far insufficient to meet the country’s demand for meat, milk, and other cow products, let alone contribute to GDP. N’dama and Muturu are both Nigerian breeds that are resistant to trypanosomosis. They are humpless longhorn and humpless shorthorn types of beef cattle. The dairy and beef cow industries’ inadequate adoption of ART is partly to blame for Nigeria’s low cattle output. Sex determination, multiple-ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), oestrus synchronization, artificial insemination (AI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), cloning, and genetic engineering are all examples of assisted reproductive technologies. It has been reported in humans, rodents and domestic animals, abnormal fetuses, newborns and adult offspring arise from ART. Improper matching of breeding animals mostly leads to overfat calves. This review centers on the applications and potentials of ART in the production of trypanotolerant N’dama and Muturu cattle breeds. Some unorthodox medicines which have proven effective in human reproduction can circumvent the shortfalls in the adoption of ART.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of surrogacy in Ukraine and the United States of America

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
O. M Reznik ◽  
A. E. Ishchukova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Newborn Baby ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Surrogate Mother ◽  
Genetic Link

In this article, the authors investigated the regulatory acts and laws governing surrogacy in Ukraine. The concept of “surrogacy” was also considered and the absence of fixing of this term at the legislative level was established. In addition, it was determined that the necessary condition for the implementation of the method of surrogacy is the genetic link of the spouse or one of the couples with an unborn child. It follows that the surrogate mother should not be genetically related to the child. However, the legislator doesn’t prohibit bearing the pregnancy of close relatives of future parents (sister, mother, aunt, cousin, etc.). This work also focuses on the definition of the legal nature of the contract concluded between the surrogate mother and the infertile couple for artificial insemination by the method of surrogacy. As a result, this agreement is similar to the civil service agreement. The publication also analyzes the state registration procedure for a newborn baby that was born using the method of surrogacy. The peculiarity of the procedure for registering a newborn baby conceived in this way is the presence of a certificate and statement. The certificate proves the genetic link of the baby with the couple. The statement is given by the surrogate mother to recognize the spouse as the child’s parents. Much attention is paid to the experience of regulating surrogacy in the United States. The country does not have a single codified law on artificial insemination by surrogacy. Each state decides in what manner, in what order, and under what conditions it is possible to resort to this type of assisted reproductive technology. The conclusions provide suggestions for resolving problems that may arise while using the method of surrogacy. Also the possibility of improving current legislation on the legal regulation of this procedure by borrowing from foreign experience. Keywords: surrogacy, legal regulation, surrogate mother, assisted reproductive technologies, married couple, contract.

scholarly journals Embryo Transfer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ștefan Gregore Ciornei
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
The World ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
Specific Potential

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have made tremendous advances, in last years. Artificial insemination is a method for achieving slow genetic progress in populations of animals. Many large and small ruminants are bred by AI, and more than a half million embryos are transferred every year around the world. Most of the ruminants sires used for artificial insemination were derived from embryo transfer. Improvements of reproductive biotechnologies of controlling the estrous cycle and ovulation have resulted in more effective programs for AI, superovulation of donor, and the management of ET. In the ruminants, ET procedure is a timely alternative that can allow good conception rates to be obtained constant in a year. There have been great advances of this biotechnique with on aimed to intensify the genetic progress between generations of farm. The gains is possible with the development of advanced reproductive biotechnique. The best current strategy in applying biotechnology to farmers is to use AI with sexed semen, so farmers will enjoy and benefit. The use of ET together with cryopreserved sexed embryos has a very specific potential for donor replacement and genetic improvement of the herd. In this chapter, procedures of the MOET protocol were described step by step.

Ejaculate characteristics, short-term semen storage and successful artificial insemination following synchronisation of oestrus in the Indian blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra)

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadanand D. Sontakke ◽  
Manoj S. Patil ◽  
Govindhaswamy Umapathy ◽  
K. Ramachandra Rao ◽  
Sisinthy Shivaji
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Semen Storage ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Antilope Cervicapra ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

The blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) is a small (20–30 kg) Indian antelope that is listed on Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Studies were undertaken to develop assisted reproductive technologies, such as synchronisation of oestrus and non-surgical AI, to support the conservation and genetic management of this Indian antelope. Semen characteristics, testosterone levels and the feasibility of short-term cold storage of semen were investigated. Furthermore, different oestrous synchronisation protocols (norgestomet implants and prostaglandin injections) were evaluated for successful AI, defined as the birth of live young. Norgestomet ear implants and i.m. administration of pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) resulted in successful pregnancies in two of five inseminated females, but both had twin pregnancies that were delivered prematurely. In contrast, two injections of prostaglandin 11 days apart were effective in synchronising oestrus in the blackbuck. Transcervical AI in oestrous-synchronised animals 72 and 96 h after the second prostaglandin injection resulted in successful pregnancies in four of six inseminated females (67%) and resulted in the delivery of three live fawns. These studies demonstrate the potential application of AI technology for the conservation of endangered ungulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the synchronisation of oestrus and successful non-surgical AI in blackbuck.

Re-imagining Reproduction: Unsettling Metaphors in the History of Imperial Science and Commercial Surrogacy in India

Somatechnics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalindi Vora
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Commercial Surrogacy ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Travel Industry

This paper provides an analysis of how cultural notions of the body and kinship conveyed through Western medical technologies and practices in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) bring together India's colonial history and its economic development through outsourcing, globalisation and instrumentalised notions of the reproductive body in transnational commercial surrogacy. Essential to this industry is the concept of the disembodied uterus that has arisen in scientific and medical practice, which allows for the logic of the ‘gestational carrier’ as a functional role in ART practices, and therefore in transnational medical fertility travel to India. Highlighting the instrumentalisation of the uterus as an alienable component of a body and subject – and therefore of women's bodies in surrogacy – helps elucidate some of the material and political stakes that accompany the growth of the fertility travel industry in India, where histories of privilege and difference converge. I conclude that the metaphors we use to structure our understanding of bodies and body parts impact how we imagine appropriate roles for people and their bodies in ways that are still deeply entangled with imperial histories of science, and these histories shape the contemporary disparities found in access to medical and legal protections among participants in transnational surrogacy arrangements.

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