scholarly journals Brassinosteriod Insensitive 2 (BIN2) acts as a downstream effector of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway to regulate photoautotrophic growth in Arabidopsis

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangjie Xiong ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Zhigang Meng ◽  
Kexuan Deng ◽  
Yumei Que ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Photoautotrophic Growth ◽  
Downstream Effector

scholarly journals Photoperiod and temperature separately regulate nymphal development through JH and insulin/TOR signaling pathways in an insect

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 5525-5531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Miki ◽  
Tsugumichi Shinohara ◽  
Silvia Chafino ◽  
Sumihare Noji ◽  
Kenji Tomioka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Seasonal Adaptation ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Nymphal Development

Insects living in the temperate zone enter a physiological state of arrested or slowed development to overcome an adverse season, such as winter. Developmental arrest, called diapause, occurs at a species-specific developmental stage, and embryonic and pupal diapauses have been extensively studied in mostly holometabolous insects. Some other insects overwinter in the nymphal stage with slow growth for which the mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we show that this nymphal period of slow growth is regulated by temperature and photoperiod through separate pathways in the cricket Modicogryllus siamensis. The former regulates the growth rate, at least in part, through the insulin / target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway. Lower temperature down-regulates the expression of insulin-like peptide (Ms’Ilp) and Target of rapamycin (Ms’Tor) genes to slow down the growth rate without affecting the number of molts. The latter regulates the number of molts independent of temperature. Short days increase the number of molts through activation of the juvenile hormone (JH) pathway and down-regulation of myoglianin (Ms’myo), a member of the TGFβ family, which induces adult metamorphosis. In contrast, long days regulate Ms’myo expression to increase during the fifth to sixth instar to initiate adult metamorphosis. When Ms’myo expression is suppressed, juvenile hormone O-methyl transferase (Ms’jhamt) was up-regulated and increased molts to prolong the nymphal period even under long-day conditions. The present findings suggested that the photoperiod regulated Ms’myo, and the JH signaling pathway and the temperature-controlled insulin/TOR pathway cooperated to regulate nymphal development for overwintering to achieve seasonal adaptation of the life cycle in M. siamensis.

scholarly journals The Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway Regulates mRNA Turnover in the YeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3428-3438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan R. Albig ◽  
Carolyn J. Decker
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mrna Decay ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Mrna Turnover ◽  
Diauxic Shift ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Tor Pathway

The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway is an important mechanism by which cell growth is regulated by nutrient availability in eukaryotes. We provide evidence that the TOR signaling pathway controls mRNA turnover in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. During nutrient limitation (diauxic shift) or after treatment with rapamycin (a specific inhibitor of TOR), multiple mRNAs were destabilized, whereas the decay of other mRNAs was unaffected. Our findings suggest that the regulation of mRNA decay by the TOR pathway may play a significant role in controlling gene expression in response to nutrient depletion. The inhibition of the TOR pathway accelerated the major mRNA decay mechanism in yeast, the deadenylation-dependent decapping pathway. Of the destabilized mRNAs, two different responses to rapamycin were observed. Some mRNAs were destabilized rapidly, while others were affected only after prolonged exposure. Our data suggest that the mRNAs that respond rapidly are destabilized because they have short poly(A) tails prematurely either as a result of rapid deadenylation or reduced polyadenylation. In contrast, the mRNAs that respond slowly are destabilized by rapid decapping. In summary, the control of mRNA turnover by the TOR pathway is complex in that it specifically regulates the decay of some mRNAs and not others and that it appears to control decay by multiple mechanisms.

scholarly journals Pmr1, a Golgi Ca2+/Mn2+-ATPase, is a regulator of the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (47) ◽  
pp. 17840-17845 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Devasahayam ◽  
D. Ritz ◽  
S. B. Helliwell ◽  
D. J. Burke ◽  
T. W. Sturgill
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Tor Signaling

Rapamycin inhibits fibronectin-induced migration of the human arterial smooth muscle line (E47) through the mammalian target of rapamycin

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. H2861-H2868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Sakakibara ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Scott Hollenbeck ◽  
K. Craig Kent
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Type I ◽  
Downstream Effector ◽  
The Matrix

The matrix protein fibronectin (FN) is a potent agoinst of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration. The role of rapamycin and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in matrix protein-induced migration has not yet been defined. In these studies, we found that rapamycin (10 nM) markedly diminished chemotaxis of E47 cells (a cell line derived from human atherosclerotic plaques) and rat aortic SMCs toward FN as well as type I collagen and laminin; however, a period of preincubation >20 h was required. Subsequently, we showed that treatment with FN induced a rapid activation of mTOR as well as its downstream effector, S6 kinase (S6K). Moreover, FN-induced activation of both proteins was inhibited by preincubation with rapamycin for only 30 min. We then explored the upstream signaling pathway through which FN might mediate mTOR activation. A blocking antibody to αvβ3 inhibited FN-induced mTOR/S6K activation as well as E47 cell chemotaxis, implicating αvβ3 as the integrin receptor responsible for initiating FN-induced migration. Moreover, preincubation of E47 cells with wortmannin or LY-294002 blocked FN-induced mTOR/S6K activation, demonstrating that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a critical role in this rapamycin-sensitive signaling pathway. It has been previously suggested that rapamycin's effect on migration maybe related to enhancement of p27kip1. However, treatment of E47 cells with rapamycin did not alter the level of p27kip1 in the presence or absence of FN. Taken together, our data demonstrate that rapamycin inhibits FN-induced SMC migration through a pathway that involves at least αvβ3-integrin, PI3K, mTOR, and S6K.

scholarly journals Spargel/dPGC-1 Is a New Downstream Effector in the Insulin–TOR Signaling Pathway in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhas Mukherjee ◽  
Atanu Duttaroy
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Downstream Effector

scholarly journals Azospirillum brasilense stimulate the growth in Arabidopsis thaliana through the target of rapamycin protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Manuel Méndez-Gómez ◽  
◽  
Elda Castro-Mercado ◽  
Ernesto García-Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Root Hair Formation ◽  
Hair Formation

Azospirillum spp., one of the best studied genus of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. These rhizobacteria are able to colonize hundreds of plant species and improve their growth, development and productivity. The target of rapamycin (TOR) protein is a central component of the TOR signaling pathway, which regulates cell growth and metabolism in response to environment cues in eukaryotes. In this study, the TOR function was analyzed in Arabidopsis thaliana L. plants inoculated with the rhizobacteria Azospirillum brasilense. Arabidopsis seedlings tor-es, which express an interference RNA in presence of estradiol and decrease TOR expression, showed an inhibition in the growth and lateral root formation, with or without 1x102 CFU/mL of the inoculum. In addition, a morphological analysis of the root showed an inhibition in the root hair formation. The results suggest that A. brasilense controls A. thaliana growth through TOR signaling pathway.

Targeting mammalian target of rapamycin: prospects for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser-Aldin Lashgari ◽  
Nazanin Momeni Roudsari ◽  
Saeideh Momtaz ◽  
Negar Ghanaatian ◽  
Parichehr Kohansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a general term for a group of chronic and progressive disorders. Several cellular and biomolecular pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, yet the etiology is unclear. Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the intestinal epithelial cells was also shown to induce inflammation. This review focuses on the inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway and its potential application in treating IBD. We also provide an overview on plant-derived compounds that are beneficial for the IBD management through modulation of the mTOR pathway. Data were extracted from clinical, in vitro and in vivo studies published in English between 1995 and May 2019, which were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane library databases. Results of various studies implied that inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway downregulates the inflammatory processes and cytokines involved in IBD. In this context, a number of natural products might reverse the pathological features of the disease. Furthermore, mTOR provides a novel drug target for IBD. Comprehensive clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in treating IBD.

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