scholarly journals Differential behaviour of sheath blight pathogenRhizoctonia solaniin tolerant and susceptible rice varieties before and during infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1333-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Basu ◽  
S. Chowdhury ◽  
T. Ray Chaudhuri ◽  
S. Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Differential Behaviour

Quantification of yield losses with relation to sheath blight development at different growth stages in mega rice varieties of South Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagjeet S. Lore ◽  
Jyoti Jain ◽  
Mandeep S. Hunjan ◽  
Pritpal Singh ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Identification of novel resistance source in traditional varieties against major diseases of rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
BS Chethana ◽  
CA Deepak ◽  
MP Rajanna
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistant Reaction ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Traditional Rice

Traditional rice varieties maintained and cultivated by farmers are the potential sources of resistant donors that can be used for breeding rice varieties with durable resistance. They possess traits potentially adaptable to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. Characterization of these germplasm is essential in rice breeding varieties and provides valued information for developing new rice. In this study, a large-scale screening of 167 traditional rice varieties was carried out to identify resistance sources against blast, sheath blight and brown spot diseases of rice. The mean location severity index (LSI) of leaf blast, sheath blight and brown spot was 6.91,7.14 and 7.84, respectively. Among the varieties screened, five varieties viz., Malgudi sanna, Putta batta, Selamsanna, Sadaholga and Mysuru sanna showed resistant reaction against blast, while only one variety Putta batta showed resistant reaction against brown spot, none of the varieties showed resistant reaction against sheath blight. However, only one variety Bangara sanna-4 showed moderate resistance to the sheath blight disease. The identified resistant varieties can be used as potential source for breeding durable resistant varieties in the future crop improvement programmes.

scholarly journals An Overview of Rice QTLs Associated with Disease Resistance to Three Major Rice Diseases: Blast, Sheath Blight, and Bacterial Panicle Blight

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Soheila Zarbafi ◽  
Jong Hyun Ham
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Panicle Blight

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops that are produced as human food, directly feeding people more than any other crop. Hence, it is important to increase the yield potential of rice through improving the disease resistance to prevailing rice diseases. Blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, sheath blight caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, and bacterial panicle blight caused by the bacteria Burkholderia glumae and B. gladioli are serious rice diseases in many rice-producing regions. In spite of the chronic damages from these major diseases, the quantitative resistance to each of them is not known very well and any available disease-resistant varieties are rare or not stable. Although gene-for-gene resistance that is mediated by an R-Avr interaction has been intensively studied for blast, quantitative (or horizontal) resistance to a broad spectrum of races in M. oryzae is still poorly understood. Identification of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to these diseases and using marker technology can facilitate marker-assisted selection to screen resistant traits in individual resources, which could ultimately lead to the development of novel disease-resistant rice varieties. This article is a summary of identified QTLs that are associated with rice diseases, including blast, sheath blight, and bacterial panicle blight that can be used in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Evaluating Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice Using Detached Tiller and Field Screening Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedanand Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Rice Genotypes

In present study physical resistance test on 12 rice varieties against sheath blight (ShB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani was examined. A detached tiller test was used to measure components of ShB physiological resistance at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tarahara, Nepal. The varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications in year 2010-12. A sclerotium was inserted below the leaf collar of individual tillers maintained in tubes filled with water. Only the 56-day old susceptible plants were inoculated. After 7 days of inoculation, number of lesions, dead leaves, vertical sheath colonization and disease severity were measured. In 2011, field experiments were conducted with three replications to address morphological resistance in 28 rice genotypes. Disease incidence was recorded on 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. The number of dead leaves differed only numerically while disease variables significantly (P=0.004) varied among varieties. The other variables were highly correlated with each other. Cluster analysis of variables formed three varietal groups; Sabitri with lowest, and Jasmine-85 and Betichikon having highest values. Rice genotypes differed significantly (P=0.05) for disease incidence and area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Tetep and IAC-165 had the lowest and highest terminal disease incidences and AUDPC, respectively. Sabitri, MTU-1010 and IR-26 recorded lower AUDPC values. Hence, Tetep and Sabitri could be used as donors in hybridization and their plant morphology could be considered as selection guide for improving ShB resistance in rice.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.1 2015 pp.1-8

scholarly journals Quantification of the Components of Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight Using a Detached Tiller Test Under Controlled Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Willocquet ◽  
Jagjeet S. Lore ◽  
S. Srinivasachary ◽  
Serge Savary
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Survival Duration ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Components Of Resistance ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Physiological Resistance

Resistance of rice (Oryza sativa) to sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is quantitative and involves two mechanisms: physiological resistance and disease escape. The epidemiological concept of components of resistance was applied using a detached tiller method under controlled conditions, to specifically address physiological resistance to sheath blight in rice. A sclerotium was inserted below the leaf collar of individual rice tillers maintained in tubes filled with water. Different variables were measured after incubation: number of lesions, lesion length, vertical sheath colonization, presence or absence of dark margin at the edge of lesions, and survival duration of the leaf blade. Several rice varieties reported to have different levels of susceptibility to sheath blight were assessed, together with varieties that are cultivated over large areas. Although numerical differences between rice varieties were observed for all disease variables, only the number of lesions significantly differed among varieties tested in this study. The varieties Pecos and IR64 had the consistently lowest and highest disease intensities, respectively. This methodology may allow the detection of sources of resistance that specifically involve defense mechanisms. When combined with field assessment, this methodology should also enable to quantitatively assess the relative role of both mechanisms of resistance to sheath blight.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Screening for Sheath Blight Resistance Using Malaysian Isolates ofRhizoctonia solani

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaivani Nadarajah ◽  
Nurfarahana Syuhada Omar ◽  
Marhamah Md. Rosli ◽  
Ong Shin Tze
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Disease Severity Index ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Mycelial Plug ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Rdna Analysis

Two field isolates ofRhizoctonia solaniwere isolated from infected paddy plants in Malaysia. These isolates were verified via ITS-rDNA analysis that yielded ~720 bp products of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 region, respectively. The sequenced products showed insertion and substitution incidences which may result in strain diversity and possible variation in disease severity. These strains showed some regional and host-specific relatedness via Maximum Likelihood and further phylogenetic analysis via Maximum Parsimony showed that these strains were closely related toR. solaniAG1-1A (with 99-100% identity). Subsequent to strain verification and analysis, these isolates were used in the screening of twenty rice varieties for tolerance or resistance to sheath blight via mycelial plug method where both isolates (1801 and 1802) showed resistance or moderate resistance to Teqing, TETEP, and Jasmine 85. Isolate 1802 was more virulent based on the disease severity index values. This study also showed that the mycelial plug techniques were efficient in providing uniform inoculum and humidity for screening. In addition this study shows that the disease severity index is a better mode of scoring for resistance compared to lesion length. These findings will provide a solid basis for our future breeding and screening activities at the institution.

Temporal and spatial progression of sheath blight in mega rice varieties of South Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagjeet Singh Lore ◽  
Mandeep Singh Hunjan ◽  
Jyoti Jain ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Pritpal Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

scholarly journals Penyakit Hawar Pelepah (Rhizoctonia solani) pada Padi dan Taktik Pengelolaannya

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Nuryanto
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Rice Sheath Blight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Sheath Blight Disease ◽  
Mature Compost ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Short Type

Rice sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (AG-1), is one of diseases currently growing and widespread in rice-producing areas in Indonesia. Widely planting of short-type and many tillers rice varieties with high doses fertilized, especially urea, can increase the severity of sheath blight disease. Sheath blight disease is becoming increasingly important role in the rice production system, especially in intensive rice farming. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze epidemic components affecting sheath blight development to determine their management strategies. The sheath blight disease is observed to develop more severe in low areas (0−200 m above sea levels) than in the moderate and high areas, severity of disease is seen to increase in short-type many tillers rice varieties. Initial inoculum are sclerotia and the mycelia in plant debris that have an important role in the rice sheath blight development. However, sclerotia may fail to germinate due colonized by various kinds of antagonistic bacteria in the soil. Bacteria that are antagonistic to R. solani can be isolated from paddy soil containing compost. Mature compost can suppress germination of sclerotia of R. solani by 14%, while in the mature compost enriched with antagonistic bacteria can suppress the germination of sclerotia by 28%. Relative humidity and temperature around the plant affect the development of rice sheath blight disease. Relative humidity decreased 2.8% when watering is only done by flooding the trench around, and decreased by 4.4% when flooding of land only 1 time per week. Sheath blight control by implementing some components in an integrated epidemic have higher chances of success in suppressing the disease development. IntisariPenyakit hawar pelepah padi yang disebabkan oleh jamur Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (AG-1), merupakan salah satu penyakit yang saat ini berkembang dan tersebar luas di daerah-daerah penghasil padi di Indonesia. Penanaman secara luas padi varietas unggul tipe pendek beranakan banyak dan dipupuk dengan dosis tinggi terutama urea, dapat meningkatkan keparahan penyakit hawar pelepah. Penyakit hawar pelepah menjadi semakin penting peranannya di dalam sistem produksi padi sawah, terutama di daerah pertanian padi yang intensif. Oleh karena itu, perlu analisis komponen epidemi yang memengaruhi perkembangan hawar pelepah untuk menentukan strategi pengelolaannya. Pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa hawar pelepah berkembang lebih parah di daerah rendah (0−200 m dpl) daripada di daerah sedang dan tinggi, keparahan penyakit terlihat semakin meningkat pada varietas padi tipe pendek beranakan banyak. Inokulum awal berupa sklerosia dan miselium dalam serasah tanaman mempunyai peranan penting dalam perkembangan penyakit di pertanaman. Akan tetapi, sklerosia dapat gagal berkecambah karena dikoloni oleh berbagai spesies bakteri antagonis dalam tanah. Bakteri yang bersifat antagonis terhadap R. solani dapat diisolasi dari tanah sawah yang mengandung kompos. Kompos matang dapat menekan perkecambahan sklerosia sebesar 14%, sedangkan pada kompos matang yang diperkaya dengan bakteri antagonis dapat menekan perkecambahan sklerosia sebesar 28%. Kelembapan relatif dan suhu di sekitar tanaman padi memengaruhi perkembangan penyakit hawar pelepah. Kelembapan relatif menurun 2,8% ketika pengairan hanya dilakukan dengan cara penggenangan pada parit keliling, dan turun sebesar 4,4% ketika dilakukan penggenangan lahan 1 kali seminggu. Teknologi pengendalian hawar pelepah dengan menerapkan beberapa komponen epidemik secara terpadu mempunyai peluang keberhasilan tinggi dalam menekan perkembangan penyakit.

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