The secreted proteome of necrotrophic Ciborinia camelliae causes non‐host‐specific virulence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kondratev ◽  
M. J. Middleditch ◽  
M. Denton‐Giles ◽  
R. E. Bradshaw ◽  
M. P. Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Virulence

scholarly journals Autotransporter Protein-Encoding Genes of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Are Found in both Typical and Atypical Enteropathogenic E. coli Strains

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso G. Abreu ◽  
Vanessa Bueris ◽  
Tatiane M. Porangaba ◽  
Marcelo P. Sircili ◽  
Fernando Navarro-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Specific Virulence

ABSTRACTAutotransporter (AT) protein-encoding genes of diarrheagenicEscherichia coli(DEC) pathotypes (cah,eatA,ehaABCDJ,espC,espI,espP,pet,pic,sat, andtibA) were detected in typical and atypical enteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC) in frequencies between 0.8% and 39.3%. Although these ATs have been described in particular DEC pathotypes, their presence in EPEC indicates that they should not be considered specific virulence markers.

scholarly journals Isolates of Uromyces appendiculatus with Specific Virulence to Landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris of Andean Origin

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig M. Sandlin ◽  
James R. Steadman ◽  
Carlos M. Araya ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Specific Virulence

Five isolates of the bean rust fungus Uromyces appendiculatus were shown to be specifically virulent on bean genotypes of Andean origin. This specificity was demonstrated by the virulence of five pairs of isolates on a differential set of 30 Phaseolus vulgaris landraces. Each isolate pair was from a different country in the Americas and consisted of one Andean-specific isolate and one nonspecific isolate. Of the differential P. vulgaris landraces, 15 were of Middle American origin and 15 were of Andean origin. The Andean-specific rust isolates were highly virulent on Andean landraces but not on landraces of Middle American origin. Rust isolates with virulence to Middle American landraces were also generally virulent on Andean material; no truly Middle American-specific isolates were found. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of the rust isolates also distinguished the two groups. Four of the Andean-specific rust isolates formed a distinct group compared to four of the nonspecific isolates. Two of the isolates, one from each of the two virulence groups, had intermediate RAPD banding patterns, suggesting that plasmagomy but not karyogamy occurred between isolates of the two groups.

Implication of bats in the transmission of zoonotic strains of Salmonella in Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-587
Author(s):  
Kouengoua Armelle ◽  
Deguenon Esther ◽  
Dougnon T. Victorien ◽  
Farougou Souaïbou ◽  
Kpodékon Tchokponhoué Tchégninougbo Marc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Specific Virulence ◽  
Zoonotic Strains ◽  
Do So

Bats play a very important role in the transmission of zoonosis, including Salmonella. Salmonella are responsible for salmonellosis, which is a major public health concern. They are the cause of many hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. The objective of this study was to contribute to the im-provement of the control of zoonotic strains of Salmonella in Benin. To do so, a collection of 400 bats was made and after slaughter and dissection, bacteriological analyses were made on the gut to isolate and identify the different strains of Salmonella carried by these bats. The resistance profile and the presence of specific virulence gene such invA, spvR, spvC and stn were studied. The strain Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 was used as a positive control. Of the 400 bats slaughtered, 14 isolate of Salmonella spp were identified by API gallery. Therefore, the prevalence of Salmonella strains in bats was 3.5%. Salmonella spp strains isolated showed total re-sistance to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid and also to first and second genera-tions of cephalosporins. The stn and invA genes have been found in the DNA of all strains of Salmonella isolated. The consumption of bats being a com-mon practice in Benin, the risk of virulent Salmonella strains transmission must be taken very seriously and people must be sensitized to this in order to slow down the risk of infection.

Infection by a vertically-transmitted microsporidian parasite is associated with a female-biased sex ratio and survival advantage in the amphipod Gammarus roeseli

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. HAINE ◽  
S. MOTREUIL ◽  
T. RIGAUD
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Host Fitness ◽  
Gammarus Roeseli ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Specific Virulence

SUMMARYVertically transmitted parasites may have positive, neutral or negative effects on host fitness, and are also predicted to exhibit sex-specific virulence to increase the proportion or fitness of the transmitting sex. We investigated these predictions in a study on the survival and sex ratio of offspring of the amphipod Gammarus roeseli from females infected by the vertically transmitted microsporidia Nosema granulosis. We found, to our knowledge, the first evidence for a positive relationship between N. granulosis infection and host survival. Infection was associated with sex ratio distortion, not by male-killing, but probably by parasite-induced feminization of putative G. roeseli males. This microsporidia also feminizes another amphipod host, Gammarus duebeni, which is phylogenetically and biogeographically distant from G. roeseli. Our study suggests that the reproductive system of gammarids is easily exploited by these vertically-transmitted parasites, although the effects of infections on host fitness may depend on specific host-parasite species interactions.

scholarly journals Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli: epidemiology, virulence and detection

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Virulence

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is a subgroup of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) that during the past decade has received increasing attention as a cause of watery diarrhoea, which is often persistent. EAEC have been isolated from children and adults worldwide. As well as sporadic cases, outbreaks of EAEC-caused diarrhoea have been described. The definition of EAEC is the ability of the micro-organism to adhere to epithelial cells such as HEp-2 in a very characteristic ‘stacked-brick’ pattern. Although many studies searching for specific virulence factor(s) unique for this category of DEC have been published it is still unknown why the EAEC cause persistent diarrhoea. In addition, the aggregative property of EAEC causes a lot of problems in serotyping due to the cells auto-agglutinating. The gold standard for identification of EAEC includes isolation of the agent and an adherence assay using tissue culture, viz. HEp-2 cells. This assay is in most cases reliable; however, emergence of ‘atypical’ EAEC has been described in several publications. In addition, the HEp-2 assay is time consuming, demands a tissue culture lab and trained staff. Several molecular biological assays have been described, however, none show 100 % specificity.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenicity in Cystic Fibrosis Patients—Results from an Observational Prospective Multicenter Study Concerning Virulence Genes, Phylogeny, and Gene Plasticity

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Lange ◽  
Kathrin Heidenreich ◽  
Katharina Higelin ◽  
Kristina Dyck ◽  
Vanessa Marx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Clinical Deterioration ◽  
Limited Degree ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Virulence

Staphylococcus aureus and cystic fibrosis (CF) are closely interlinked. To date, however, the impact of S. aureus culture in CF airways on lung function and disease progression has only been elucidated to a limited degree. This analysis aims to identify bacterial factors associated to clinical deterioration. Data were collected during an observational prospective multi-center study following 195 patients from 17 centers. The average follow-up time was 80 weeks. S. aureus isolates (n = 3180) were scanned for the presence of 25 virulence genes and agr-types using single and multiplex PCR. The presence of specific virulence genes was not associated to clinical deterioration. For the agr-types 1 and 4, however, a link to the subjects’ clinical status became evident. Furthermore, a significant longitudinal decrease in the virulence gene quantity was observed. Analyses of the plasticity of the virulence genes revealed significantly increased plasticity rates in the presence of environmental stress. The results suggest that the phylogenetic background defines S. aureus pathogenicity rather than specific virulence genes. The longitudinal loss of virulence genes most likely reflects the adaptation process directed towards a persistent and colonizing rather than infecting lifestyle.

scholarly journals Label-Free Quantitative Acetylome Analysis Reveals Toxoplasma gondii Genotype-Specific Acetylomic Signatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Xiang Wang ◽  
Rui-Si Hu ◽  
Chun-Xue Zhou ◽  
Jun-Jun He ◽  
Hany M. Elsheikha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Histone Acetyl Transferase ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Host Cell Response ◽  
Genotype Iii ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Specific Virulence

Distinct genotypic and pathogenic differences exist between Toxoplasma gondii genotypes. For example, genotype I is highly virulent, whereas genotype II and genotype III are less virulent. Moreover, Chinese 1 genotype (ToxoDB#9) is also virulent. Here, we compare the acetylomes of genotype 1 (RH strain) and Chinese 1 genotype (ToxoDB#9, PYS strain) of T. gondii. Using mass spectrometry enriched for acetylated peptides, we found a relationship between the levels of protein acetylation and parasite genotype-specific virulence. Notably, lysine acetylation was the largest (458 acetylated proteins) in RH strain, followed by PYS strain (188 acetylated proteins), whereas only 115 acetylated proteins were detected in PRU strain. Our analysis revealed four, three, and four motifs in RH strain, PRU strain and PYS strain, respectively. Three conserved sequences around acetylation sites, namely, xxxxxKAcHxxxx, xxxxxKAcFxxxx, and xxxxGKAcSxxxx, were detected in the acetylome of the three strains. However, xxxxxKAcNxxxx (asparagine) was found in RH and PYS strains but was absent in PRU strain. Our analysis also identified 15, 3, and 26 differentially expressed acetylated proteins in RH strain vs. PRU strain, PRU strain vs. PYS strain and PYS strain vs. RH strain, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed that a large proportion of the acetylated proteins are involved in metabolic processes. Pathways for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of antibiotics and microbial metabolism in diverse environments were featured in the top five enriched pathways in all three strains. However, acetylated proteins from the virulent strains (RH and PYS) were more enriched in the pyruvate metabolism pathway compared to acetylated proteins from PRU strain. Increased levels of histone-acetyl-transferase and glycyl-tRNA synthase were detected in RH strain compared to PRU strain and PYS strain. Both enzymes play roles in stress tolerance and proliferation, key features in the parasite virulence. These findings reveal novel insight into the acetylomic profiles of major T. gondii genotypes and provide a new important resource for further investigations of the roles of the acetylated parasite proteins in the modulation of the host cell response to the infection of T. gondii.

Changes in specific virulence in Polish populations ofPhytophthora infestans: 1985–1991

1996 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwik S. Sujkowski ◽  
Stephen B. Goodwin ◽  
William E. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Specific Virulence
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