Kinetics of anti‐SARS‐COV2 spike protein IgG and IgA antibodies at 4°C: Implications for convalescent plasma stability

ABSTRACT The possibility that a mucolytic drug, i.e., acetylcysteine, given orally may enhance the gut mucosal or systemic immune response to an oral B-subunit–whole-cell (B-WC) cholera vaccine was evaluated for 40 adult Swedish volunteers, and the kinetics of the immune responses were monitored for responding volunteers. Two doses of vaccine induced similar frequencies of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antitoxin responses (80 to 90%) and vibriocidal titer increases (60 to 65%) in serum irrespective of whether the vaccine was given alone or together with 2 g of acetylcysteine. In feces the frequencies of IgA antitoxin (67%) and antibacterial (33 to 40%) antibody responses were also comparable in the two immunization groups. Six months after vaccination, IgA and IgG antitoxin as well as vibriocidal antibody titer increases in serum could still be detected in approximately 80% of initially responding vaccinees. Significantly elevated fecal antitoxin and antibacterial IgA antibody levels were found in, respectively, 50 and 43% of those volunteers who initially had responded to the vaccine. Determination of IgA antibodies in feces does not seem to offer any advantages compared to determination in serum for assessment of immune responses after immunization with inactivated cholera vaccine.

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SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody detection for sero-epidemiology: a multiplex analysis approach accounting for accurate seroprevalence

10.1101/2020.06.18.20133660 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gerco den Hartog ◽

Rutger M. Schepp ◽

Marjan Kuijer ◽

Corine GeurtsvanKessel ◽

Josine van Beek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiplex Assay ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Test Results ◽

Detailed Understanding ◽

Protein Subunits ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Single Antigen ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic demands detailed understanding of the kinetics of antibody production induced by infection with SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to develop a high throughput multiplex assay to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 to assess immunity to the virus in the general population.MethodsSpike protein subunits S1 and RBD, and Nucleoprotein were coupled to distinct microspheres. Sera collected before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (N=224), and of non-SARS-CoV-2 influenza-like illness (N=184), and laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection (N=115) with various severity of COVID-19 were tested for SARS-CoV-2-specific concentrations of IgG.ResultsOur assay discriminated SARS-CoV-2-induced antibodies and those induced by other viruses. The assay obtained a specificity between 95.1 and 99.0% with a sensitivity ranging from 83.6-95.7%. By merging the test results for all 3 antigens a specificity of 100% was achieved with a sensitivity of at least 90%. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients developed higher IgG concentrations and the rate of IgG production increased faster compared to non-hospitalized cases.ConclusionsThe bead-based serological assay for quantitation of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies proved to be robust and can be conducted in many laboratories. Finally, we demonstrated that testing of antibodies against different antigens increases sensitivity and specificity compared to single antigen-specific IgG determination.

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Particles Using Direct, Reagent-Free Electrochemical Sensing

10.26434/chemrxiv.13083479 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hanie Yousefi ◽

alam mahmud ◽

Dingran Chang ◽

Jagotamoy Das ◽

Surath Gomis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrode Surface ◽

Gold Electrode ◽

Direct Analysis ◽

Electrochemical Sensing ◽

New Method ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Positive Potential ◽

Molecular Sensor ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Kinetics Of

This manuscript describes a new method that enables direct analysis of viral particles in unprocessed samples.Using an electrochemical readout method that requires no external reagents, we detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the saliva of infected patients.The approach relies on a molecular sensor tethered to the surface of a gold electrode that contains an antibody, specific to the targetof interest, which here is the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein that is displayed on the viral capsule. The antibody is attached to the electrode using a negatively charged linker that is composed of DNA. When a positive potential is applied to the electrode, the sensor complex is attracted to the electrode surface. The kinetics of transport is measured using chronoamperometry and readout is possible based on the absense or precense of virus and its effect on the complex movevment on electrode surface.

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The Kinetics of Humoral Response and its Relationship with the Disease Severity in COVID-19

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35381/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lili Ren ◽

Lulu Zhang ◽

De Chang ◽

Li Guo ◽

Junwen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Late Onset ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Appearance Time ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Kinetics Of

Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused global pandemic. Here we profiled the humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 by measuring immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM and IgG against nucleocapsid, spike proteins and IgM, IgG antibodies against receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein along with total neutralizing antibodies. We tested 279 plasma samples collected from 176 COVID-19 patients. We demonstrate more severe cases have a late onset in the humoral response compared to mild/moderate infections. All the antibody titers continue to rise in patients with COVID-19 over the disease course. However, these levels are mostly unrelated to the disease severity. The appearance time and titers of neutralizing antibodies showed significant positive correlation to the antibodies against spike protein. Our results suggest late onset of antibody response as a risk factor for disease severity, however there is a limited role of antibody titers in predicting disease severity of COVID-19.

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Testing IgG antibodies against the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 is sufficient and necessary for COVID-19 diagnosis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0241164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0241164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victoria Indenbaum ◽

Ravit Koren ◽

Shiri Katz-Likvornik ◽

Mayan Yitzchaki ◽

Osnat Halpern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Igg Antibodies ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Past Exposure ◽

Iga Antibodies ◽

Global Spread ◽

Diagnostic Capacity ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Antibody Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of

The COVID-19 pandemic and the fast global spread of the disease resulted in unprecedented decline in world trade and travel. A critical priority is, therefore, to quickly develop serological diagnostic capacity and identify individuals with past exposure to SARS-CoV-2. In this study serum samples obtained from 309 persons infected by SARS-CoV-2 and 324 of healthy, uninfected individuals as well as serum from 7 COVID-19 patients with 4–7 samples each ranging between 1–92 days post first positive PCR were tested by an “in house” ELISA which detects IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Sensitivity of 47%, 80% and 88% and specificity of 100%, 98% and 98% in detection of IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies, respectively, were observed. IgG antibody levels against the RBD were demonstrated to be up regulated between 1–7 days after COVID-19 detection, earlier than both IgM and IgA antibodies. Study of the antibody kinetics of seven COVID 19 patients revealed that while IgG levels are high and maintained for at least 3 months, IgM and IgA levels decline after a 35–50 days following infection. Altogether, these results highlight the usefulness of the RBD based ELISA, which is both easy and cheap to prepare, to identify COVID-19 patients even at the acute phase. Most importantly our results demonstrate that measuring IgG levels alone is both sufficient and necessary to diagnose past exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

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Kinetics of the Human Antibody Response against Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium Determined by Lipopolysaccharide Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00192-06 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 741-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Mette A. Strid ◽

Tine Dalby ◽

Kåre Mølbak ◽

Karen A. Krogfelt

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Human Antibody ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Iga Antibodies ◽

Serovar Typhimurium ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Very High

ABSTRACT Two indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were employed to measure levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA antibodies against Salmonella in sera from 303 Danish patients diagnosed by fecal culture with either Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis or Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infections. The ELISAs were based on serovar Enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and serovar Typhimurium LPS. The antibody levels were assessed approximately 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the onset of salmonellosis. Sera from 164 healthy blood donors were analyzed to establish cutoff values for each analysis. One month after the onset of symptoms, the sensitivities of the assays were 95% for patients recovering from a serovar Enteritidis infection and 89% for patients recovering from a serovar Typhimurium infection. Three months after the onset of symptoms, these values had decreased to 85% and 55%. At 6 months they were 62% and 40%, and at 12 months they were 40% and 16%, respectively. The specificities of the assays were 97% for the serovar Enteritidis LPS ELISA and 94% for the serovar Typhimurium LPS ELISA. The high values for both sensitivity and specificity make these two ELISAs useful for serodiagnoses of Salmonella infection shortly after the acute phase of the infection and of Salmonella-associated reactive arthritis, as well as for seroepidemiological studies. A mixed ELISA consisting of both antigens, i.e., serovar Enteritidis and serovar Typhimurium LPS, was developed as a diagnostic tool with very high values for both specificity and sensitivity.

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Kinetics of Dengue Non-Structural Protein 1 Antigen and IgM and IgA Antibodies in Capillary Blood Samples from Confirmed Dengue Patients

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.13-0458 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 438-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Séverine Matheus ◽

Bhetty Labeau ◽

Thai Binh Pham ◽

Vincent Marechal ◽

Xavier Deparis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Capillary Blood ◽

Structural Protein ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Iga Antibodies ◽

Kinetics Of

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SARS-CoV-2–Specific Antibody Detection for Seroepidemiology: A Multiplex Analysis Approach Accounting for Accurate Seroprevalence

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa479 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 222 (9) ◽

pp. 1452-1461 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gerco den Hartog ◽

Rutger M Schepp ◽

Marjan Kuijer ◽

Corine GeurtsvanKessel ◽

Josine van Beek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiplex Assay ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Receptor Binding Domain ◽

Test Results ◽

Protein Subunits ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Single Antigen ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Kinetics Of

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates better understanding of the kinetics of antibody production induced by infection with SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to develop a high-throughput multiplex assay to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 to assess immunity to the virus in the general population. Methods Spike protein subunits S1 and receptor binding domain, and nucleoprotein were coupled to microspheres. Sera collected before emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (n = 224) and of non-SARS-CoV-2 influenza-like illness (n = 184), and laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 115) with various severities of COVID-19 were tested for SARS-CoV-2–specific IgG concentrations. Results Our assay discriminated SARS-CoV-2–induced antibodies and those induced by other viruses. The assay specificity was 95.1%–99.0% with sensitivity 83.6%–95.7%. By merging the test results for all 3 antigens a specificity of 100% was achieved with a sensitivity of at least 90%. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients developed higher IgG concentrations and the rate of IgG production increased faster compared to nonhospitalized cases. Conclusions The bead-based serological assay for quantitation of SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies proved to be robust and can be conducted in many laboratories. We demonstrated that testing of antibodies against multiple antigens increases sensitivity and specificity compared to single-antigen–specific IgG determination.

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Kinetics of classes and sub-classes of total immunoglobulins and specific antibodies to Schistosoma mansoni during murine infection

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s003118200000072x ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 247-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

D. Bout ◽

R. Rousseaux ◽

Y. Carlier ◽

A. Capron

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Immunoglobulin Level ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Iga Antibodies ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Second Peak

SummaryDuring the course of Schistosoma mansoni murine infection there is a dramatic increase of some immunoglobulins and S. mansoni-specinc antibodies. The most substantial response is initiated after 40 days of infection and results in a prolonged increase of total IgG1; IgM and IgA. The maximum increase is respectively 26, 14 and 3-fold the basic immunoglobulin level in control mice. Some anti-S. mansoni classes and sub-classes were studied by an original radio-immunoadsorbent test. Anti-S. mansoni IgG1 and IgM antibodies appear and increase at the same time as that of total IgG1 and IgM. Anti-S. mansoni IgA antibodies appear later (80th day) and correspond to a second peak of total IgA.

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