Population coverage and factors associated with participation following a mass drug administration of azithromycin for trachoma elimination in Amhara, Ethiopia

Abstract Background Annual Mass Drug Administration (MDA) using praziquantel targeting primary school children is the main control strategy against schistosomiasis in Tanzania. However, there are concerns about decreasing participation in mass drug administration among primary school children for unknown reasons. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors related to relevant knowledge about schistosomiasis and the intention to participate in mass drug administration among primary school children in order to give recommendations for future projects. Methods A cross sectional, extended knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was conducted among 356 primary school children aged 5–17 years in February–March 2016 using a pre-tested questionnaire. This survey was part of a baseline assessment for an integrated proof of concept study aiming towards schistosomiasis elimination on Ijinga Island. Outcomes of interest in logistic regression analysis were relevant knowledge and high intention to participate in treatment campaigns. Explanatory variables were sociodemographic information sources and elements aligned to Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Results Only 17% of the children had relevant intestinal schistosomiasis related knowledge and very few of them knew any of the S. mansoni manifestations and complications. Factors associated with relevant schistosomiasis knowledge were previous diagnosis of schistosomiasis (aOR = 2.43, 95%CI: 1.1–5.6), having heard about schistosomiasis at school (aOR = 9.94, 95%CI: 5.0–19.7) and being enrolled in 6th or 7th grade (aOR = 3.94, 95%CI: 1.3–11.8). Only 40% of the children demonstrated high intention to participate in treatment campaigns. Factors associated with high intention to participate in MDA were previous diagnosis (aOR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.1–4.7), perceived general risk of disease transmission by lake water (aOR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.0–3.1), perceived own vulnerability of getting infected (aOR = 5.10, 95%CI: 2.1–12.6), perceived danger of the disease (aOR = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.3–4.8) and the perceived effectiveness of medicaments to cure the disease (aOR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.4–5.7). Conclusions The minority of the school children had high level of theoretical knowledge about schistosomiasis and a small proportion of the children demonstrated high intention to participate in mass drug administration. In general, practical knowledge on preventive measures such as taking anti-schistosomiasis drug during MDA need to be impacted in school children to increase their participation in the control program.

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Mass drug administration under the programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Orissa, India: a mixed-methods study to identify factors associated with compliance and non-compliance

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.05.023 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 102 (12) ◽

pp. 1207-1213 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Bontha V. Babu ◽

Suchismita Mishra

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Lymphatic Filariasis ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Mass Drug Administration ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Factors Associated

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The Effectiveness of Reactive Focal Mass Drug Administration (rfMDA) and Reactive Focal Vector Control (RAVC) to Reduce Malaria Transmission: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Open Label Two-by-Two Factorial Design Trial from the Low-Endemic Setting of Namibia

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3454698 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Hsiang ◽

Henry Ntuku ◽

Kathryn W. Roberts ◽

Mi-Suk Kang Dufour ◽

Brooke Whittemore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vector Control ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Malaria Transmission ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Mass Drug Administration ◽

Open Label ◽

Endemic Setting ◽

Cluster Randomised ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Non-compliance to Mass Drug Administration Associated with the Low Perception of the Community Members About their Susceptibility to Lymphatic Filariasis in Ankobra, Ghana

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526519666190206210808 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

Ilo Dicko ◽

Yaya Ibrahim Coulibaly ◽

Modibo Sangaré ◽

Bismark Sarfo ◽

Priscillia Awo Nortey

Keyword(s):

Lymphatic Filariasis ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Mass Drug Administration ◽

Health Workers ◽

Compliance Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Improve Compliance ◽

Degree Of Association

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a parasitic disease that has been targeted for elimination through the Mass Drug Administration (MDA.) Although the MDA started in the Ankobra community in Ghana in 2000, LF prevalence as reported in 2014 was relatively high (4.5%). Non-compliance to the MDA has been associated with the persistent LF prevalence in endemic regions. Objective: This study determined the factors associated with the non-compliance to the MDA among patients living in the Ankobra community, Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a one-stage cluster sampling method was used to collect data between June and July, 2017 in Ankobra. Questionnaires were used to collect data from health workers, the MDA drug distributors and study participants in Ankobra. Data analysis was performed using STATA 14. Logistic regression was used to measure the degree of association between the dependent (non-compliance) and independent variables. Non-compliance rate was defined as the percentage of individuals who self-reported that they did not actually swallow the drugs provided during the MDA. Results: The MDA coverage and non-compliance rates were 73.5% (147/200) and 33.33% (49/147) respectively. The main reason for non-compliance was fear of drug adverse events (75.51%, 37/49). Thought of “not being susceptible to LF” was significantly associated with the non-compliance (aOR= 2.83, [CI= 1.15, 6.98]). Conclusion: Health education about the susceptibility of residents getting LF disease in endemic community must be intensified to improve compliance to MDA medication ingestion and thus meet the Global Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis by 2020.

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Costing interventions in the field: preliminary cost estimates and lessons learned from an evaluation of community-wide mass drug administration for elimination of soil-transmitted helminths in the DeWorm3 trial

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049734 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e049734

Author(s):

Katya Galactionova ◽

Maitreyi Sahu ◽

Samuel Paul Gideon ◽

Saravanakumar Puthupalayam Kaliappan ◽

Chloe Morozoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Financial Reporting ◽

Mass Drug Administration ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Data Quality Control ◽

Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Rich Data

ObjectiveTo present a costing study integrated within the DeWorm3 multi-country field trial of community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA) for elimination of soil-transmitted helminths.DesignTailored data collection instruments covering resource use, expenditure and operational details were developed for each site. These were populated alongside field activities by on-site staff. Data quality control and validation processes were established. Programmed routines were used to clean, standardise and analyse data to derive costs of cMDA and supportive activities.SettingField site and collaborating research institutions.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA strategy for costing interventions in parallel with field activities was discussed. Interim estimates of cMDA costs obtained with the strategy were presented for one of the trial sites.ResultsThe study demonstrated that it was both feasible and advantageous to collect data alongside field activities. Practical decisions on implementing the strategy and the trade-offs involved varied by site; trialists and local partners were key to tailoring data collection to the technical and operational realities in the field. The strategy capitalised on the established processes for routine financial reporting at sites, benefitted from high recall and gathered operational insight that facilitated interpretation of the estimates derived. The methodology produced granular costs that aligned with the literature and allowed exploration of relevant scenarios. In the first year of the trial, net of drugs, the incremental financial cost of extending deworming of school-aged children to the whole community in India site averaged US$1.14 (USD, 2018) per person per round. A hypothesised at-scale routine implementation scenario yielded a much lower estimate of US$0.11 per person treated per round.ConclusionsWe showed that costing interventions alongside field activities offers unique opportunities for collecting rich data to inform policy toward optimising health interventions and for facilitating transfer of economic evidence from the field to the programme.Trial registration numberNCT03014167; Pre-results.

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Estimating the programmatic cost of targeted mass drug administration for malaria in Myanmar

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10842-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shwe Sin Kyaw ◽

Gilles Delmas ◽

Tom L. Drake ◽

Olivier Celhay ◽

Wirichada Pan-ngum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Administration ◽

Mass Drug Administration ◽

Malaria Elimination ◽

Unit Cost ◽

Financial Data ◽

Research Activities ◽

High Incidence ◽

Implementation Costs ◽

The Cost ◽

Greater Mekong Subregion

Abstract Background Mass drug administration (MDA) has received growing interest to accelerate the elimination of multi-drug resistant malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Targeted MDA, sometimes referred to as focal MDA, is the practice of delivering MDA to high incidence subpopulations only, rather than the entire population. The potential effectiveness of delivering targeted MDA was demonstrated in a recent intervention in Kayin State, Myanmar. Policymakers and funders need to know what resources are required if MDA, targeted or otherwise, is to be included in elimination packages beyond existing malaria interventions. This study aims to estimate the programmatic cost and the unit cost of targeted MDA in Kayin State, Myanmar. Methods We used financial data from a malaria elimination initiative, conducted in Kayin State, to estimate the programmatic costs of the targeted MDA component using a micro-costing approach. Three activities (community engagement, identification of villages for targeted MDA, and conducting mass treatment in target villages) were evaluated. We then estimated the programmatic costs of implementing targeted MDA to support P. falciparum malaria elimination in Kayin State. A costing tool was developed to aid future analyses. Results The cost of delivering targeted MDA within an integrated malaria elimination initiative in eastern Kayin State was approximately US$ 910,000. The cost per person reached, distributed among those in targeted and non-targeted villages, for the MDA component was US$ 2.5. Conclusion This cost analysis can assist policymakers in determining the resources required to clear malaria parasite reservoirs. The analysis demonstrated the value of using financial data from research activities to predict programmatic implementation costs of targeting MDA to different numbers of target villages.

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