scholarly journals Centromeric DNA characterization in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon provides insights on the evolution of the genus

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinjia Li ◽  
Sheng Zuo ◽  
Zhiliang Zhang ◽  
Zhanjie Li ◽  
Jinlei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Centromeric Dna ◽  
Dna Characterization ◽  
Model Grass

scholarly journals Memory of the vernalized state in plants including the model grass Brachypodium distachyon

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Woods ◽  
Thomas S. Ream ◽  
Richard M. Amasino
Keyword(s):  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Model Grass

scholarly journals Grain dormancy and light quality effects on germination in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon

2011 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Barrero ◽  
John V. Jacobsen ◽  
Mark J. Talbot ◽  
Rosemary G. White ◽  
Stephen M. Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Grain Dormancy ◽  
Model Grass

QTLs for resistance to the false brome rust Puccinia brachypodii in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon L.

Genome ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Barbieri ◽  
Thierry C. Marcel ◽  
Rients E. Niks ◽  
Enrico Francia ◽  
Marianna Pasquariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Resistance Qtls ◽  
Ssr And Snp Markers ◽  
Model Grass ◽  
Genomic Regions

The potential of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon L. (Brachypodium) for studying grass–pathogen interactions is still underexploited. We aimed to identify genomic regions in Brachypodium associated with quantitative resistance to the false brome rust fungus Puccinia brachypodii . The inbred lines Bd3-1 and Bd1-1, differing in their level of resistance to P. brachypodii, were crossed to develop an F2 population. This was evaluated for reaction to a virulent isolate of P. brachypodii at both the seedling and advanced growth stages. To validate the results obtained on the F2, resistance was quantified in F2-derived F3 families in two experiments. Disease evaluations showed quantitative and transgressive segregation for resistance. A new AFLP-based Brachypodium linkage map consisting of 203 loci and spanning 812 cM was developed and anchored to the genome sequence with SSR and SNP markers. Three false brome rust resistance QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, and 4, and they were detected across experiments. This study is the first quantitative trait analysis in Brachypodium. Resistance to P. brachypodii was governed by a few QTLs: two acting at the seedling stage and one acting at both seedling and advanced growth stages. The results obtained offer perspectives to elucidate the molecular basis of quantitative resistance to rust fungi.

scholarly journals Brachypodium distachyon–Cochliobolus sativus Pathosystem is a New Model for Studying Plant–Fungal Interactions in Cereal Crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaobin Zhong ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
Yueqiang Leng ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
David F. Garvin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
New Model ◽  
Model Grass ◽  
Fungal Interactions ◽  
Important Disease

Cochliobolus sativus (anamorph: Bipolaris sorokiniana) causes spot blotch, common root rot, and kernel blight or black point in barley and wheat. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of C. sativus or the molecular basis of resistance and susceptibility in the hosts. This study aims to establish the model grass Brachypodium distachyon as a new model for studying plant–fungus interactions in cereal crops. Six B. distachyon lines were inoculated with five C. sativus isolates. The results indicated that all six B. distachyon lines were infected by the C. sativus isolates, with their levels of resistance varying depending on the fungal isolates used. Responses ranging from hypersensitive response-mediated resistance to complete susceptibility were observed in a large collection of B. distachyon (2n = 2x = 10) and B. hybridum (2n = 4x = 30) accessions inoculated with four of the C. sativus isolates. Evaluation of an F2 population derived from the cross between two of the B. distachyon lines, Bd1-1 and Bd3-1, with isolate Cs07-47-1 showed quantitative and transgressive segregation for resistance to C. sativus, suggesting that the resistance may be governed by quantitative trait loci from both parents. The availability of whole-genome sequences of both the host (B. distachyon) and the pathogen (C. sativus) makes this pathosystem an attractive model for studying this important disease of cereal crops.

Comparison of a high-density genetic linkage map to genome features in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon

2011 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naxin Huo ◽  
David F. Garvin ◽  
Frank M. You ◽  
Stephanie McMahon ◽  
Ming-Cheng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
High Density ◽  
Genome Features ◽  
Model Grass

scholarly journals Root morphology and exudate availability is shaped by particle size and chemistry in Brachypodium distachyon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle Sasse ◽  
Jacob S. Jordan ◽  
Markus DeRaad ◽  
Katherine Whiting ◽  
Katherina Zhalnina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Substrate Size ◽  
Model Grass ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

AbstractRoot morphology and exudation define a plants sphere of influence in soils, and are in turn shaped by the physiochemical characteristics of soil. We explored how particle size and chemistry of growth substrates affect root morphology and exudation of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. Root fresh weight and root lengths were correlated with particle size, whereas root number and shoot weight remained constant. Mass spectrometry imaging suggested that both, root length and number shape root exudation. Exudate metabolite profiles detected with liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry were comparable for plants growing in glass beads or sand with various particles sizes, but distinct for plants growing in clay. However, when exudates of clay-grown plants were collected by removing the plants from the substrate, their exudate profile was similar to sand- or glass beads-grown plants. Clay particles sorbed 20% of compounds exuded by clay-grown plants, and 70% of compounds of a defined exudate medium. The sorbed compounds belonged to a range of chemical classes, among them nucleosides/nucleotides, organic acids, sugars, and amino acids. Some of the sorbed compounds could be de-sorbed by a rhizobacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS415), supporting its growth. We show that root morphology is affected by substrate size, and that root exudation in contrast is not affected by substrate size or chemistry. The availability of exuded compounds, however, depends on the substrate present. These findings further support the critical importance of the physiochemical properties of soils are crucial to consider when investigating plant morphology, exudation, and plant-microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Silicon Fertilisation Affects Morphological and Immune Defences of an Insect Pest and Enhances Plant Compensatory Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarikul Islam ◽  
Ben D. Moore ◽  
Scott N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Physical Defence ◽  
Model Grass ◽  
Defensive Behaviours ◽  
Immune Defences ◽  
Leaf Trichome

Abstract Insect herbivores employ various defences, including morphological, behavioural, and immune responses against their natural enemies (e.g., predators, parasitoids) which can make biocontrol of herbivorous pests challenging. Silicon (Si) accumulation in plants is a potent physical defence against herbivores. However, it remains uncertain how Si affects pest defences to their enemies and plant defences following herbivore attack. We grew the model grass, Brachypodium distachyon, hydroponically with (+Si) or without (–Si) Si and investigated the impacts of Si on morphological (integument resistance and thickness), behavioural (flee, headrear, thrash, and regurgitation), and immune defences of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. We further examined the effects of Si on plant compensatory growth and leaf trichome production. Larval growth, leaf consumption, and integument resistance were lower when feeding on +Si plants compared to when feeding on –Si plants. Larval integument thickness, defensive behaviours, hemocyte density and lysozyme-like activity in the hemolymph were unaffected by Si. Larvae fed on +Si plants had higher hemolymph phenoloxidase (PO) and total-PO activities than larvae fed on –Si plants, although this did not enhance larval melanisation response. Furthermore, Si supply increased plant compensatory growth and constitutive trichome production whereas herbivory induced trichome production only on –Si plants. We provide the first evidence that Si fertilisation affects insect defences in addition to reducing their growth and feeding. Lower integument resistance might enhance larval vulnerability to parasitoids and pathogens and higher PO activities could impose fitness costs (e.g., delayed development), potentially increasing overall insect susceptibility to enemies.

scholarly journals Optimization of Mature Embryo-Based Tissue Culture and Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Model Grass Brachypodium distachyon

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu ◽  
Wang ◽  
Miao ◽  
Xi ◽  
Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Model Grass

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is well established in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. However, most protocols employ immature embryos because of their better regenerative capacity. A major problem associated with the immature embryo system is that they are available only during a limited time window of growing plants. In this study, we have developed an optimized Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol that utilizes mature embryos. We have adopted seed shearing and photoautotrophic rooting (PR) in callus induction and root regeneration, respectively, with evident significant improvement in these aspects. We have also revealed that the newly developed chemical inducer Fipexide (FPX) had the ability to induce callus, shoots, and roots. By comparison, we have demonstrated that FPX shows higher efficiency in shoot generation than other frequently used chemicals in our mature embryo-based system. In addition, we demonstrated that the age of embryogenetic callus severely affects the transformation efficiency (TE), with the seven-week-old embryogenetic callus having the highest TE reaching 52.6%, which is comparable with that in immature embryo transformation. The new methodologies reported here will advance the development and utilization of Brachypodium as a new model system for grass genomics.

scholarly journals Environmental isolation explains Iberian genetic diversity in the highly homozygous model grass Brachypodium distachyon

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Marques ◽  
Valeriia Shiposha ◽  
Diana López-Alvarez ◽  
Antonio J. Manzaneda ◽  
Pilar Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Environmental Isolation ◽  
Model Grass

scholarly journals Fine Mapping of the Bsr1 Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus Resistance Gene in the Model Grass Brachypodium distachyon

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e38333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Cui ◽  
Mi Yeon Lee ◽  
Naxin Huo ◽  
Jennifer Bragg ◽  
Lijie Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus ◽  
Model Grass ◽  
Virus Resistance Gene
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