scholarly journals COMPRESSION AND TENSION CREEP BEHAVIOUR OF LVL SENGON (PARASERIANTHES FALCATARIA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Achmad Basuki ◽  
Ali Awaludin ◽  
Bambang Suhendro ◽  
Suprapto Siswosukarto
Keyword(s):  
Creep Test ◽  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Tension Stress ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽  
Minimum Relative Humidity

This study was aimed to investigate the creep behavior of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) Sengon,especially under the application of compression and tension stress parallel-to-the-grain. In IndonesiaLVL made from the fast-growing Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) species is designed to be usedas a substitution for solid wood in building construction. Creep test was conducted on the specimenswith reference to the ASTM D143‐09 standard test methods for small clear specimens of timber.Moreover, the constant loads were made equal to about 20%, 30%, and 40% of the 60% ultimateload derived from the static test and the creep test was conducted in a chamber having an averagetemperature of 25oC and minimum relative humidity of 65%. The results of creep test for a period of90 days showed that the creep factors were 0.51, 0.52, and 0.41, respectively for the specimens undertension stress level of 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. In the case of specimen under compressionstress parallel-to-the-grain, the creep factors were 0.42, 0.41, and 0.31, respectively, for stress levelequals to 20%, 30%, and 40%. It can be concluded that the creep factor under tension stress is slightlyhigher than that of specimens under compression stress, and these obtained creep factors are muchlesser than the values provided in the code.

scholarly journals Predicting bending creep of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) beams from initial creep test data

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
Achmad Basuki ◽  
Ali Awaludin ◽  
Bambang Suhendro ◽  
Suprapto Siswosukarto
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Creep Test ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Creep Model ◽  
Secondary Creep ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber

This paper presents the results of creep tests of Laminated Veneer Lumber Sengon (LVL Sengon) beams, aiming to determine the creep factor and to establish the prediction beam deflection based on the initial creep test data. The LVL Sengon beams have a cross section of 40 mm by 80 mm and a clear span length of 2,000 mm, they were loaded at midspan for three different stress levels: 30%, 40%, and 50% of the ultimate load within 30, 60, and 90 days. Each loading level consists of four repetitive beams where one beam was wrapped with a plastic sheet. The test results showed that for 90 days the bending creep test can not determine the secondary creep yet. Curve fitting of bending creep test data indicated that the parameters of the Modified Burger creep model of the first 30 days can be accurately used to predict the beam deflection curve up to 60 and 90 days of loading.

scholarly journals Creep Behavior of Open Web Truss Joist Made of LVL Sengon

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Achmad Basuki ◽  
Ali Awaludin ◽  
Bambang Suhendro ◽  
Suprapto Siswosukarto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Creep Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽  
Viscoelastic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Creep

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Sengon is classified as one of the engineering products having a significant increase of both physical and mechanical properties compared with Sengon solid wood. Considering its short planting years and sustainable production, Sengon wood is very potential to be used as construction materials of low-rise houses to support the housing needs in Indonesia. Creep behaviour of LVL Sengon material is one of the mechanical properties that needs to be considered. This article evaluated value of creep factor of the open web truss joist (OWTJ) LVL Sengon test and compared this experimental creep factor with the numerical results developed by FE model taking into account the viscoelastic parameters of authors' previous study. The viscoelastic parameters were based on a 217-day creep test of compression and tension parallel to the grain of LVL Sengon at 20 % of stress level that were further modeled using Prony series creep model having n equals to 3. The reduction in the modulus of elasticity over time resulted in creep deflection and creep factor values at 217 days of testing results and FE numerical analysis of the OWTJ LVL Sengon ranging from 1.50–1.54; while the predicted creep factor at 25 years of service life is 1.57 or greater than the creep factor value provided in SNI 7973: 2013 of 1.5.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Intergranular Corrosion Tests on EN AW-6016 Sheet Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5294
Author(s):  
Peer Decker ◽  
Ines Zerbin ◽  
Luisa Marzoli ◽  
Marcel Rosefort
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Corrosion Depth ◽  
Corrosion Tests ◽  
Automotive Company ◽  
Test Parameters

Two different intergranular corrosion tests were performed on EN AW-6016 sheet material, an ISO 11846:1995-based test with varying solution amounts and acid concentrations, and a standard test of an automotive company (PV1113, VW-Audi). The average intergranular corrosion depth was determined via optical microscopy. The differences in the intergranular corrosion depths were then discussed with regard to the applicability and quality of the two different test methods. The influence of varying test parameters for ISO 11846:1995 was discussed as well. The determined IGC depths were found to be strongly dependent on the testing parameters, which will therefore have a pronounced influence on the determined IGC susceptibility of a material. In general, ISO 11846:1995 tests resulted in a significantly lower corrosion speed, and the corrosive attack was found to be primarily along grain boundaries.

Serviceability Assessment of a Printed Finish on T-Shirts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Reannan Riedy ◽  
Meredith McQuerry
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Soil Release ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Typical Consumer ◽  
Change Material

To improve the comfort of agricultural workers, a T-shirt with a printed active cooling finish was evaluated to determine if it would meet the wash life durability and performance expectations of such an arduous application. Six shirts with a printed phase change material (PCM) finish and six shirts without (control) were washed 50 times to replicate a typical consumer wash life. Shirts were evaluated for absorbency, dimensional change, colorfastness, crocking, abrasion resistance, soil release, and smoothness retention according to AATCC and ASTM standard test methods. Testing was conducted before laundering and after 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 consumer laundry (CL) cycles. Absorbency and dimensional change were significantly influenced by the PCM finish. Results demonstrate the appropriateness of adopting such a finish technology for agricultural worker clothing applications.

scholarly journals Influence of Bitumen Type and Asphalt Mixture Composition on Low-Temperature Strength Properties According to Various Test Methods

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Pszczola ◽  
Cezary Szydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Mixture Composition ◽  
Tension Stress ◽  
Strength Reserve

In regions with low-temperatures, action transverse cracks can appear in asphalt pavements as a result of thermal stresses that exceed the fracture strength of materials used in asphalt layers. To better understand thermal cracking phenomenon, strength properties of different asphalt mixtures were investigated. Four test methods were used to assess the influence of bitumen type and mixture composition on tensile strength properties of asphalt mixtures: tensile strength was measured using the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) and the uniaxial tension stress test (UTST), flexural strength was measured using the bending beam test (BBT), and fracture toughness was measured using the semi-circular bending test (SCB). The strength reserve behavior of tested asphalt mixtures was assessed as well. The influence of cooling rate on the strength reserve was investigated and correlations between results from different test methods were also analyzed and discussed. It was observed that the type of bitumen was a factor of crucial importance to low-temperature properties of the tested asphalt concretes. This conclusion was valid for all test methods that were used. It was also observed that the level of cooling rate influenced the strength reserve and, in consequence, resistance to low-temperature cracking. It was concluded that reasonably good correlations were observed between strength results for the UTST, BBT, and SCB test methods.

Flexural, in-plane shear and nail shear properties of falcataria-rubberwood laminated veneer board for flooring

Holzforschung ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kweonhwan Hwang ◽  
EeDing Wong ◽  
Kohei Komatsu
Keyword(s):  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Larix Leptolepis ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Shear Properties ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽  
Good Potential

Abstract A research project has been conducted to develop structural laminated veneer lumber products from tropical wood, and to evaluate their feasibility for the structural components of wooden houses. As part of this project, we investigated the flexural, in-plane shear, and nail shear properties of laminated veneer board (LVB) manufactured from a combination of falcataria (Paraserianthes falcataria) and rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) for flooring applications. In addition, 11-ply larch (Larix leptolepis) and 7-ply radiata pine (Pinus radiata) plywood were investigated as controls. Larch plywood, bonded with phenol-based adhesive, showed the best strength properties in bending and shear tests, whereas the 12-ply (28 mm thick) resorcinol-based resin-bonded LVB had the highest ductility in nail shear. The LVB also had better bending and shear properties than radiata pine plywood. In conclusion, falcataria-rubberwood LVB demonstrated good potential to substitute larch plywood and radiata pine plywood in flooring applications.

Development of standard test methods for unmanned and manned industrial vehicles used near humans

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bostelman ◽  
Richard Norcross ◽  
Joe Falco ◽  
Jeremy Marvel
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test

scholarly journals Derived Interaction Parameters for the TSAI-WU Tensor Polynomial Theory of Strength for Composite Materials

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. DeTeresa ◽  
Gregory J. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Strength Criterion ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Transverse Compression ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Limits

Abstract It is shown that the two interactive strength parameters in the Tsai-Wu tensor polynomial strength criterion for fiber composites can be derived in terms of the uniaxial or non-interacting strength parameters if the composite does not fail under practical levels of hydrostatic pressure or equal transverse compression. Thus the required number of parameters is reduced from seven to five and all five of the remaining strength terms are easily determined using standard test methods. The derived interactive parameters fall within the stability limits of the theory, yet they lead to open failure surfaces in the compressive stress quadrant. The assumptions used to derive the interactive parameters were supported by measurements for the effect of hydrostatic pressure and unequal transverse compression on the behavior of a typical carbon fiber composite.

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